US2672794A - Font of matrices for kerning or producing composite type characters - Google Patents

Font of matrices for kerning or producing composite type characters Download PDF

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Publication number
US2672794A
US2672794A US166924A US16692450A US2672794A US 2672794 A US2672794 A US 2672794A US 166924 A US166924 A US 166924A US 16692450 A US16692450 A US 16692450A US 2672794 A US2672794 A US 2672794A
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Prior art keywords
character
matrices
characters
matrix
film
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Expired - Lifetime
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US166924A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herman R Freund
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Intertype Corp
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Intertype Corp
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Publication date
Priority to US166924A priority Critical patent/US2672794A/en
Application filed by Intertype Corp filed Critical Intertype Corp
Priority to FR1050283D priority patent/FR1050283A/fr
Priority to NL7510391.A priority patent/NL161758B/xx
Priority to NL161758A priority patent/NL91403C/xx
Priority to DEI4233A priority patent/DE893145C/de
Priority to GB13509/51A priority patent/GB711494A/en
Priority to DK173451AA priority patent/DK81443C/da
Priority to CH296360D priority patent/CH296360A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2672794A publication Critical patent/US2672794A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B15/00—Photographic composing machines with movable character carriers for composing lines of characters prior to photography
    • B41B15/10—Details
    • B41B15/12—Character carriers; Cleaning devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B15/00—Photographic composing machines with movable character carriers for composing lines of characters prior to photography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B15/00—Photographic composing machines with movable character carriers for composing lines of characters prior to photography
    • B41B15/08—Photographic composing machines with movable character carriers for composing lines of characters prior to photography with means for photographing composed characters in succession
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B17/00—Photographic composing machines having fixed or movable character carriers and without means for composing lines prior to photography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B17/00—Photographic composing machines having fixed or movable character carriers and without means for composing lines prior to photography
    • B41B17/18—Details
    • B41B17/20—Character carriers; Cleaning devices therefor
    • B41B17/38—Character carriers; Cleaning devices therefor with means for indicating the width
    • B41B17/40—Character carriers; Cleaning devices therefor with means for indicating the width in caliper form

Definitions

  • This invention relates to character-bearing elements or so-called matrices and fonts thereof for use in photographic line-composing machines, for example, of the class described in the copending U. S. patent application Serial No. 94,766, filed May 23, 1949, and commercially known under the registered trade-markstayetter," now U. S. Patent No. 2,552,882, issued May 15, 1951.
  • lines of type matter are produced on a photosensitive surface such as photographic film or paper by exposing individually and successively thereto the photographable type characters of some basic or master point-size borne or represented by circulating elements or matrices, the film being indexed between successive exposure distances generally equal to the setwise width of the master characters (including, of course, the usual inter-character space), or proportional to the character Width when enlarging or reducing.
  • This is acg complished by providing each matrix with a dimension, for example, a body thickness, which is equal to or proportional to the setwise width of the character borne thereby, and controlling the advance of the sensitized medium in accordance with this dimension of the matrices.
  • the invention provides for thefirst time mechanical means by which successively photographed characters may be caused partially to overhang or kern, or maybe produced in fully overhanging 0r superposed relation, whereby to accomplish, for example, formation of the composite or accented characters or symbols of many foreign languages such as Hebrew, Arabic and others.
  • the matrix body In commercial line-casting machines, for ex: ample, since the matrix or molding depression in which each type character is cast is recessedin one edge of the matrix body, the matrix body has a minimum edgewise thickness equal to the setwise width of the character plus the thin wall necessary at either side to close the casting recess. The minimum spacing between adjacent characters produced in such a machine is accordingly equal to the sum of the setwise widths of the twocharacters plus the includedside-walls.
  • the advance of the film between successive exposures is controlled in accordance with the edgewise thickness dimension of the matrix bodies, and in conventional matrix fonts as heretofore known in the thicknesses of the various matriceshas been made equal to the setwise widths of the master size characters respectively borne thereby and all matrices bearing the same characters have had the same thickness. It has accordingly been impossible to alter the advance of the film relative to the setwise width of a character, for example, to reduce the advance of the film in instances when it was desired to kern and thus cause a character partially to overhang the next succeeding character.
  • aforeign-language composite character comprising two or moresuperposed components such as the Hebraic character it has been necessary in the past to provide on a single matrix both the basic consonant portion and the supplementary or vowel portion
  • the partial overhanging or kerning of adjacent characters in accordance with the present invention is accomplished by providing a font of typographical elements or matrices wherein some of the elements representative of a particular character have a given body dimension, for example, thickness, equal or proportional. to the setwise width of the character, and other ele ments representative of the same character have a lesser thickness.
  • the compositor uses one of the thinner matrices in composing the first or kerning character.
  • the advance of the film for the first character which is determined by the thickness of its matrix, is accord ingly less than that normally required to provide a fresh film field for a character of such setwise width, and the reproduced image of this character thus partially overhangs the image of the succeeding character.
  • the photographable character is offset in line-reading direction from the normal position on the thin her or kerning matrix by a distance corresponding to the deficiency in thickness of such matrix, thereby causing the image of the character to be projected upon the film in the same position as if the film advance had been normal.
  • the formation of a kerned character combination is accomplished by providing the elements representative of the adjacent charac ters to be kerned with a total thickness less than that normally attributable to the combined setwise width of the particular characters by the amount of overhang or kern that is desired.
  • composite characters comprising component parts which must be fully superposed (above, below or otherwise positioned relative to one another as the language may require), as distinguished from partial superposition or overhang of portions of characters as in kerning, is similarly accomplished by providing the elements representative of the component parts with a total thickness equal to that normally attributable to only one of the parts. Also,
  • the location on its matrix of the first character component of a composite character is displaced setwise on the character plaque a distance corresponding to the amount that the thickness of the matrix is less than that normally appropriate for a character of such setwise width.
  • such characters of the font as are susceptible of kerning would be represented by elements of less than normal thickness, and these characters would be offset on the drum, relative to the optical axis of the machine, by a distance proportional to such reduction in thickness.
  • the invention may be used in conjunction with other forms of photographic type-line composing machines employing unitary character supporting means and in which feeding of the sensitized medium between successive exposures is governed by a dimension or equivalent gauging means representing the setwise widths of the different characters.
  • a dimension or equivalent gauging means representing the setwise widths of the different characters.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing the method and relative arrangement of apparatus involved in reproducing on sensitized film, in a photo-composing machine of the aforementioned class, the characters borne by a composed line of matrices;
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 are diagrammatic illustrations on an enlarged scale of successive steps in the composition of type matter in a machine of the type shown in Figure 1, according to previous practice;
  • Figure 5 illustrates the roman capital word WATER as produced by the method illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4;
  • Figures 6, '7 and 8 are diagrammatic illustrations on an enlarged scale of successive steps in composing type matter in accordance with present invention in order to accomplish kerning;
  • Figure 9 illustrates the Word WATER as produced by the method illustrated in Figures 7 and 8;
  • Figure 10 illustrates a basic Hebraic character or consonant and a group of composite Hebraic characters, each comprising this basic character component or consonant with a different supplemental character or vowel;
  • Figures 11, 12 and 13 are diagrammatic illustrations on an enlarged scale of successive steps in the composition of type matter in accordance with the present invention to achieve superpo-..
  • Figure '1 illustrates schematically the means employed in a photocomposing machine ofthe aforementioned class for advancing the film between exposures by distances corresponding to the setwise width of the successively reproduced characters and under control of the edgewise thickness of the respective elements or matrices in. a composed line thereof, as designated by the'numeral l2.
  • the line of matrices may be composed in any known manner, that is, by hand, or by operating a conventional keyboard as with the machine of'the aforementioned application for patent.
  • the matrices are removedindivid-ually and successively from the left-hand or starting end of the line and are carried upwardly to the position indicated at M at which the type character I8 on the character-bearing plaque is of the matrix is in line with the optical axis Zia-of. the machine.
  • a source of light such as the incandescent bulb 22, and a lens system including a condensing lens 24 and an objective lens 26.
  • the arrangement is such that an image of the character [8 is projected and brought to focus upon a sheet of photographic film 28 in a vertically movable holder 33.
  • the proper vertical positioning of the matrix relative to the optical axis of the machine is insured by a reciprocable register slide 29 cooperating with a notch 3! in a vertical edge of the matrix.
  • a follower or slide 32 having an upstanding arm 32a engaging the last matrix at the right-hand end of the line under the urging of spring means (not shown), causes the remaining matrices in the line to be moved bod ily to the left to take up the spacevacated by the removed matrix.
  • the distance of'movement of the remaining matrices and of the follower 32 is, of course, equal to the thickness of the matrix removed, and as previously noted, such thickness corresponds to the setwise width of the master size character borne by said matrix.
  • the follower 32 is coupled to the film holder 30 by meansof a pinion 25 engaging racks 32b and 36a respectively formed upon the follower 32 and on an upright post upon the upper end of which the film holder 30 rests, so that leftward movement of the follower 3.2v produces downward movement, with the aid of gravity, of the post 33 and film holder 30.
  • Such downward movement of the film holder upon each removal of a matrix from the line l2 to the photographing position M. accordingly serves to effect advance of the film 23. in a line-reading direction, a distance corresponding to the setwise width of the character borne by the. removed matrix.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the roman capital word WA'IERas heretofore produced by conventional ,photocomposing machines of the type above described, and Figures 2, 3 and 4 diasram- 6 matically illustrate. the steps heretofore employed inproducing this word.
  • the portion A of each figure is an edgewise view of a fragment of the matrix photographed
  • the portion B is a fragmentary facewise view of the'matrix showing the plaque containing the photographable character
  • the portion C shows a fragment of the film with the character images thereon in their proper setwise positions relative to one another and to the optical axis of the machine.
  • the roman capital letters A and T have both been designated as three-unit characters and their matrices 34 and 35 ( Figures 3A and 4A) accordingly have thicknesses of three units, as shown.
  • the letters E and R havexbeen designated as two-unit and three-unit characters respectively and their matrices (not shown) have appropriate thickmesses.
  • the photographable character 38 is located upon the plaque it of the matrix 33 so that its leading edge 38a is a distance of two units above the optical axis 20 of the machine when the matrix is in photographing position.
  • the arbitrary horizontal reference lines are drawn upon the plaques and upon the film 28 in each figure solely for the purpose v.of facilitating understanding of the drawings.
  • the letter W although it is assigned a setwise field on the film equal to four units of width, has an actual setwise width of slightly less than four units to provide the usual inter-character space 42 between adjacent letters ofthe produced word, as may be seen in Figure 5.
  • the trailing edge 33?) of the character 38 in Figure 2B falls just short of the reference line 43 which is two units below.
  • this reference line 43 is always a fixed distance 44 below the notch 31 of the matrix, so that the trailing edge of each of the photographable characters always bears a fixed relation to the optical axis of the machine when the matrix bearing the character is in photographing position.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the complete word as produced, with equal spaces 42 between each pair of adjacent letters. However, due to the conformation of the letters, the spacing between the W and the A and between" the A and the T appears greater than the spacing between the T and the E and between the E and the R, giving the produced word the objectionable appearance of being disproportionately expanded between the first several letters of the word. In mechanical type composition heretofore, this defect has been unavoidable.
  • the present invention provides means for allowing selective reduction of intercharacter spacing, so that when the conformation of adjacent characters is such as would ordinarily result in the foregoing objectionable condition, such characters may be caused to kern and thus produce the appearance of even spacing.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 diagrammatically illustrate the successive steps in accomplishing kerning of adjacent type characters in accordance with the invention.
  • the special kerning matrix 53 which bears the first letter W of the word WATE- has thickness less than the normal four-unit thickness for such a letter (compare matrix 33 in Figure 2A).
  • the thinner matrix 53 is removed from the composed line l2.
  • the film 28 is not advanced to the extent shown in Figure 2C where the line starting margin 45 was disposed two units below the optical axis 20, but only to the extent that the starting margin 45 is slightly more than one unit below the optical axis. Accordingly, if the character 58 were located upon the thinner kerning matrix 53 in 8 the same position as was the character 38 upon its full thickness matrix 33 ( Figure 23), so that the leading edge of the image projected on the film would be two units below the optical axis,
  • the leading edge 58a of the character 58 would violate the starting margin 45.
  • the character 58 borne by this matrix is offset upon its plaque It by a distance corresponding to the amount by which the film advance was deficient, in other words a distance equal to the reduced thickness of the matrix, or slightly less than one unit.
  • this places the leading edge 58a of the character 58 just over one unit above the optical axis 20, so that when its image is projected upon the film, the leading extremity 58a of the image just touches, and does not violate, the starting margin of the line.
  • the trailing edge 58b of the character image on the film is disposed a distance just over two units above the optical axis 20.
  • a matrix '35 of normal thickness is used in composing the third letter.
  • This matrix as shown in Figures 8A and 8B, is identical in all respects with the matrix shown in Figures 4A and 4B, and its projected image, as shown in Figure 8C, falls in the same position on the film with respect to the optical axis as did the image shown in Figure 4C. In such position, the leading edge 40a of the image is one unit below the optical axis 20 at which position it slightly overhangs the trailing edge 59b of the preceding letter A.
  • the trailing edge 40b is in the same position as was the trailing edge 40! of the image shown in Figure 4C, and the production of the fourth and fifth letters of the word may likewise be accomplished using matrices which are normal in thickness and otherwise for these letters.
  • the complete produced word will then appear as shown in Figure 9, wherein the "spacing between the W and the "A and between A and the T has been reduced to the extent that the matrices 53 and were reclucedtin thickness in order to effect partial overhanging or kerning of these letters and thus the appearance of even spacing throughoutthe word.
  • selective kerning of letters may be accomplished by providing a font of matricesincluding a primary group of conventional matrices having thicknesses proportional to the setwise width of the master size characters borne thereby and a secondary groupof matrices bearing the same characters as certain of the matrices of the primary group, but having lesser thicknesses than corresponding matrices of the primary group.
  • a font of matrices including a primary group of conventional matrices having thicknesses proportional to the setwise width of the master size characters borne thereby and a secondary groupof matrices bearing the same characters as certain of the matrices of the primary group, but having lesser thicknesses than corresponding matrices of the primary group.
  • individual matrices are provided for each of the twenty-seven basic or consonant components and for each of the twelve supplemental or vowel components, and means,
  • the desired superposition of the character components is achieved by providing for the sep-.
  • arate matrices bearing the basic and the supplemental character components a total thickness equal only to that of a standard single matrix for the basic component.
  • the character I06 has a set as an example, the kernlng "A" As seen, each a great number of different wise width of three units; likewise the matrix,
  • the character I06 is so positioned relative to the optical axis 20 that its leading extremity I06a is one unit above the optical axis, and its trailing extremity I06b is short of two units below the axis by the normal amount of inter-character space.
  • the leading extremity I06a of its image falls one unit below the optical axis and its trailing extremity I061) just short of two units above the axis.
  • Hebrew language Since the Hebrew language is read from right to left and is accordingly most conveniently composed in the same order, it is customary, in using a conventional photographic composing machine, to develop the film as a photographic negative and to make a positive contact print of this negative by exposing through the negative with its emulsion side down, thereby accomplishing the necessary reversal of the line.
  • the next charactor to be composed is a composite character comprising the same basic consonant as that of Figure 11, in combination with the supplementary component or vowel sign Since to form the composite Hebrew character, the consonant and vowel componcnls .ust be superposed, that is, projected onto a common ii of film, the matrix I20 ( Figure 12A) which bears the basic or consonant component H22 of only two-unit rather than the normal. three-unit thickness (compare Figure 11A).
  • the film prior to photographing of the character 522, the film is advanced donwardly, as may be seen in re 120, a distance equal to the two unit thiclm.
  • the character component I22 is offset or displaced on its matrix a setwise distance equal to one unit (the amount of reduction in thickness of the matrix I20), so that the leading extremity I22-a of the character is in line with the optical axis 20. ACCGl'dl? ly, when the image of this character I22 is projected upon the film 28, and reversed about the optical axis in projection, the leading extremity 522a falls in line with the opticalaxis 20 so that it does not Violate the preceding character I06.
  • the consonant character component I22 After the consonant character component I22 has been photographed, its matrix is removed from the photographing position and the matrix I28 bearing the supplemental component or vowel sign I30 is brought into photographing position.
  • the matrix I28 has a thickness of one unit, which is the difference between th thickness of the matrices I02 and I20. Accordingly, when the matrix I28 is removed from the composed line of matrices, the film 28 is advanced, as shown in Figure 130, a distance corresponding to one unit. This places the leading extremity I22a of the character imag I22 one unit below the optical axis 29.
  • the supplemental component I30 is located upon the matrix I28 so that its image ( Figure 130) when reversed by optical projection is properly disposed below the vertical stroke ofthe character image I22, thus completing the desired composite character.
  • supplemental character or vowel sign is properly positioned directly under the vertical stroke at the left of the consonant component H1" in Figure 13, such vowel when used in conjunction with the consonant character as shown in Figure 10, should be centered beneath such character.
  • This difference in positioning of the supplemental vowel components relative to the difierent consonant components is accomplished by providing separate groups of matrices having the supplemental vowel signs located thereon in such difierent positions as may be required for proper positioning of their images in combination with any of the consonant characters.
  • the position of the film is such that the imag I22 ( Figure 13C) is in the same position relative to the optical axis 20 as was the image I06 ( Figure after it had been photographed and before movement of the next two matrices I20 and I28 into photographing position.
  • the machine is in condition for.
  • the invention enables composition in the Hebrew language to be accomplished with a type font of ordinary size and well within th practical limits of standard composing machines, instead of requiring a font of over 300 different composite characters. Also, it will be posite character may be varied to suit the requirements of diflerent languages, it being simply.
  • a font of matrices including a group of primary matrices bearing photographable type characters located thereon in the same relative setwise positions, and having thicknesses proportional to the setwise widths of said characters, and a group of secondary matrices bearing the same type characters as certain of said primary matrices, but having lesser thicknesses than the corresponding primary matrices, and the characters thereon being displaced in a setwise direction distances proportional to the differences in thickness between corresponding primary and secondary matrices.
  • a font of matrices including a group of primary matrices bearing photographable type characters located thereon in the same relative setwise positions, and having thicknesses proportional to the setwise widths of said characters, a group of secondary matrices bearing the same type characters as certain of said primary matrices, but having lesser thicknesses than the corresponding primary matrices, and the characters thereon being displaced in a setwise direction distances proportional to the differences in thickness between corresponding primary and secondary matrices, and a group of tertiary matrices bearing type characters to be juxtaposed in the proucked copy in predetermined relation to certain characters of said secondary group of matrices, said tertiary matrices having thicknesses equal to the differences in thickness between corresponding primary and secondary matrices.
  • a font of matrices including a group of primary matrices bearing photographable type characters in the same relative positions and having thicknesses proportional to the setwise widths of the characters respectively borne thereby, a group of secondary matrices bearing the same characters as certain of said primary matrices but having lesser thicknesses than the corresponding primary matrices, and the char acters on said secondary matrices being displaced in a setwise direction thereon from the positions of such characters on the corresponding primary matrices by distances proportional to the difierences in thickness between corresponding primary and secondary matrices, and a group of tertiary matrices bearing photographable character portions the ima es of which are to be juxtaposed on said film in a predetermined relation to the im
  • the method of photocomposition of typographical characters which comprises providing a plurality of matrices including primary matrices bearing photographable characters and having thicknesses bearing a certain ratio to the setwise widths of the characters respectively borne thereby and secondary matrices bearing the same characters as said primary matrices, but having thicknesses bearing a lesser ratio to the setwise widths of said characters, removing and assembling a plurality of said matrices, said primary matrices being included in such assembly when it is desired to obtain normal spacing between the cluded in such assembly when it is desired to cause the images of the characters borne thereby to overhang at least partially the adjacent character images, individually and successively exposing the assembled matrices to a photographic film to project images of said characters onto said film, and advancing said film between successive exposures by incremental distances controlled according to the thickness of the matrices assembled and photographed.

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US166924A 1950-06-08 1950-06-08 Font of matrices for kerning or producing composite type characters Expired - Lifetime US2672794A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US166924A US2672794A (en) 1950-06-08 1950-06-08 Font of matrices for kerning or producing composite type characters
NL7510391.A NL161758B (fr) 1950-06-08 1951-06-06
NL161758A NL91403C (fr) 1950-06-08 1951-06-06
DEI4233A DE893145C (de) 1950-06-08 1951-06-06 Matrizen fuer Lichtsetzmaschinen
FR1050283D FR1050283A (fr) 1950-06-08 1951-06-06 Perfectionnements apportés dans l'établissement des machines à composer photographiquement
GB13509/51A GB711494A (en) 1950-06-08 1951-06-07 Improvements in photographic type-composing machines and type characters therefor
DK173451AA DK81443C (da) 1950-06-08 1951-06-07 Matricesæt til fotografiske sættemaskiner.
CH296360D CH296360A (fr) 1950-06-08 1951-06-08 Procédé de photocomposition et machine pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé.

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US166924A US2672794A (en) 1950-06-08 1950-06-08 Font of matrices for kerning or producing composite type characters

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US2672794A true US2672794A (en) 1954-03-23

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US (1) US2672794A (fr)
CH (1) CH296360A (fr)
DE (1) DE893145C (fr)
DK (1) DK81443C (fr)
FR (1) FR1050283A (fr)
GB (1) GB711494A (fr)
NL (2) NL91403C (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2968992A (en) * 1958-11-21 1961-01-24 Vari Typer Corp Camera apparatus and method of making up printed copy
US3330192A (en) * 1965-12-29 1967-07-11 Monotype Corp Ltd Photographic type-composing machines
US3670632A (en) * 1968-11-18 1972-06-20 Harris Intertype Corp Phototypesetting apparatus
US3712443A (en) * 1970-08-19 1973-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Apparatus and method for spacing or kerning typeset characters
US20050034073A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-10 Young-Chan Kim On screen displaying device supporting proportional font and method thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1193808B (de) * 1953-03-13 1965-05-26 Eltra Corp Photographische Zeilensetzmaschine
CN111967228B (zh) * 2020-08-18 2024-01-23 刘伟 联合发文机关标志的编辑方法和装置

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1553920A (en) * 1924-07-11 1925-09-15 James T Robinson Photographic-printing machine
US1686627A (en) * 1925-01-22 1928-10-09 Muller Friedrich Wilhelm Typewriter
US2042041A (en) * 1935-03-09 1936-05-26 Samuel I S Friedman Composing and reproducing device
US2184698A (en) * 1937-11-05 1939-12-26 Remington Rand Inc Copy holder for cameras
US2280096A (en) * 1939-06-03 1942-04-21 George L Morrison Phototypographic type body
US2334541A (en) * 1941-06-14 1943-11-16 Annie S Bumstead Photographic apparatus
US2426146A (en) * 1946-07-09 1947-08-19 Intertype Corp Apparatus for producing justified type matter
US2486834A (en) * 1945-07-20 1949-11-01 Intertype Corp Typographical element or matrix

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1553920A (en) * 1924-07-11 1925-09-15 James T Robinson Photographic-printing machine
US1686627A (en) * 1925-01-22 1928-10-09 Muller Friedrich Wilhelm Typewriter
US2042041A (en) * 1935-03-09 1936-05-26 Samuel I S Friedman Composing and reproducing device
US2184698A (en) * 1937-11-05 1939-12-26 Remington Rand Inc Copy holder for cameras
US2280096A (en) * 1939-06-03 1942-04-21 George L Morrison Phototypographic type body
US2334541A (en) * 1941-06-14 1943-11-16 Annie S Bumstead Photographic apparatus
US2486834A (en) * 1945-07-20 1949-11-01 Intertype Corp Typographical element or matrix
US2426146A (en) * 1946-07-09 1947-08-19 Intertype Corp Apparatus for producing justified type matter

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2968992A (en) * 1958-11-21 1961-01-24 Vari Typer Corp Camera apparatus and method of making up printed copy
US3330192A (en) * 1965-12-29 1967-07-11 Monotype Corp Ltd Photographic type-composing machines
US3670632A (en) * 1968-11-18 1972-06-20 Harris Intertype Corp Phototypesetting apparatus
US3712443A (en) * 1970-08-19 1973-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Apparatus and method for spacing or kerning typeset characters
US20050034073A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-10 Young-Chan Kim On screen displaying device supporting proportional font and method thereof
US7423648B2 (en) * 2003-08-04 2008-09-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. On screen displaying device supporting proportional font and method thereof

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CH296360A (fr) 1954-02-15
DK81443C (da) 1956-11-12
GB711494A (en) 1954-07-07
FR1050283A (fr) 1954-01-06
NL91403C (fr) 1959-06-17
NL161758B (fr) 1959-02-16
DE893145C (de) 1953-10-12

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