US2686044A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US2686044A
US2686044A US121347A US12134749A US2686044A US 2686044 A US2686044 A US 2686044A US 121347 A US121347 A US 121347A US 12134749 A US12134749 A US 12134749A US 2686044 A US2686044 A US 2686044A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
nest
heat exchanger
sections
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US121347A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maldague Pierre Edmond J Marie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
John Cockerill SA
Original Assignee
John Cockerill SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Cockerill SA filed Critical John Cockerill SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2686044A publication Critical patent/US2686044A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having bent portions or being assembled from bent tubes or being tubes having a toroidal configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/492—Plural conduits with ends connected to tube plate

Definitions

  • the easy replacement of each tube individually is only possible when the axis of the tubes is at constant curvature and at constant torsion, that is to say, that from a technical point of view this axis is either straight or curved along an arc of a circle.
  • the present invention has for its principal object to provide a method of construction of heat exchangers with a nest of tubes which simultaneously produces a satisfactory transmission of heat, a low loss of load in connection with each of the streams of fluid, low stresses due to thermal planatory description set out hereinafter With' reference to the accompanying drawings of some forms of construction of heat exchangers according to the invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are diagrammatic illustrations of tube contours and derivation thereof.
  • Figure 3 1 Claim. (01. 257-224) 2 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section illustrating tube layer disposition.
  • Figure 4 diagrammatically illustrates the arrangement of tubes in a layer.
  • Figures 5, 6 and '7 diagrammatically illustrate an arrangement of tubes having a noncylindrical central portion.
  • Figure 8 is a side elevation of a heat exchanger.
  • Figure 9 is a section taken along the line A-A of Figure 8 and Figure 10 is a section taken along the line B-B of Figure 8.
  • Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the outer contour of the nest of tubes of a heat'exchanger according to the present invention.
  • the surface, casing of the nest of tubes, is a cylindrical surface of revolution about the axis a, the generating line of this cylindrical surface being the line b.
  • Fig. 2 shows a straight cylinderidentical with that in Fig. l, included'bet-ween the sections 2 and 3, this cylinder being extended in Fig. 2 up to the sections and 4 in Fig. 1.
  • the section iii is the middle section of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the straight line segment 0 in-Fig. 2 represents the line, in the plane of'the drawing, of a semi plane at right angles'to the plane of the drawing passing through the points'5'and t and through the point of intersection of the axis a in the section It, the intersection of this semi-plane with the'cylinder of Fig. 2 being the semi-ellipse shown in Fig. 2 after folding in the plane of'the drawing.
  • the points '1', 8 and 9 of the folded semi-ellipse d are folds at the respective piercing pointslt and 9 of the semi-ellipse inthe respective sections 2, ill and 3.
  • the segment 0 of Fig. 2 also representsthe projection, in the plane of the drawing, of the arc of circle e brought into the secant plane of the I section thus obtained from the generating line b,
  • the method of generation of the surface shown in Fig. 1, by the rotation of an arc of circle about an axis, constitutes the principle of construction of heat exchangers with a nest of tubes according to the invention.
  • the various layers of tubes are obtained in such a manner that all the axes of the tubes constituting a layer are contained within a cylindrical surface obtained in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the various layers having the same axis a and the same median plane i9.
  • Fig. 3 shows a section, through an axial plane, of the various cylindrical surfaces containing the layers of tubes constituting the nest of tubes according to the invention, the lines 1 indicating the track of these surfaces in the plane of the drawing.
  • the sections l, 2, 3 and 4 of Fig. 3 are those defined in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of the tubes in a layer, according to the invention, the tubes being curved along an arc of a circle e defined in Fig. 2 and the terminal sections I and 4 being those defined in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the method of construction of the nests of tubes according to the invention may adapt itself to apparatus of very diverse dimensions, by reason of the freedom of selection which exists for the respective positionings of the sections i, 2, 3, ti and i9 and of the points 5 and 6, defined in Fig. 2.
  • the tubes having only a slight or zero curvature and each layer of tubes then has the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution, as shown in Fig. 6 in which the lines it represent the axes of the tubes forming a layer.
  • all the tubes forming the layer have a determined curvature and their axes are located in axial planes of the nest.
  • Fig. 5 shows aview or" such a layer of tubes, the lines g indicating the axes of the tubes forming this layer.
  • nests of tubes can be obtained by juxtaposition of the partial elements, taken from the constructions above described.
  • the curved tubes in the arc of a circle in such a manner that their axes g are contained in one plane, as shown in Fig. 5, and a number of planes of tubes of this type may be juxtaposed in such a manner as to obtain a nest of tubes of arbitrary section varying arbitrarily.
  • the nest of tubes, according to the invention, obtained as above described, are secured in a known manner by swaging or by ramming in tubular plates.
  • the tubular plates are more frequently plane but they may be arched.
  • the nests of tubes lend themselves particularly well to the construction of arched tube sheets, as the surface of these arched tube sheets may be substantially rectangular to the axes of the tubes, as indicated diagrammatically in Fig. '7, in which the lines 2' indicate the axes of the tubes and a indicates an arched tube sheet.
  • Fig. 8 shows, descriptively and not in any way in a limiting sense, an improved heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the lines I and the tubular plates define the position or" the nest of tubes according to the invention, of which a tube 70 is shown.
  • the casing 11. consists of a straight central cylindrical section and two end truncated sections into which the admission and outflow of fiuid in circulation to the outside of the tubes takes place through the tubular members p and q.
  • the fluid circulating in the interior of the tubes is guided by the tubular members r and s bolted in a known manner to the plane tubular plates m.
  • the axis a of the apparatus is also the axis of the nest of tubes according to the invention.
  • the detail of the arrangement of the tubes in the respective sections A-A and BB of Fig. 8 shows that the cross sectional passage of fluid outside the tubes of the nest is appreciably greater in the inlet and outlet sections of this fluid than in the central cylindrical section.
  • a heat exchanger comprising in combination a pair of end plates, a series of tubes extending in longitudinally adjacent relationship and mounted between said end plates to form a bundle body having a generally cylindrical central portion of substantial length and divergent end portions, the center line of each of said tubes constituting an arc of a circle throughout its length facing concavely inwardly toward the central longitudinal axis of said bundle body, said tube center lines being each disposed in planes forming equal acute angles with said central axis.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US121347A 1948-10-16 1949-10-14 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US2686044A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE290704X 1948-10-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2686044A true US2686044A (en) 1954-08-10

Family

ID=3867264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US121347A Expired - Lifetime US2686044A (en) 1948-10-16 1949-10-14 Heat exchanger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2686044A (fr)
CH (1) CH290704A (fr)
DE (1) DE849111C (fr)
FR (1) FR997627A (fr)
GB (1) GB696672A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2852350A (en) * 1952-12-27 1958-09-16 Rheinpreussen Ag Fur Bergbau A Carbon monoxide hydrogenation synthesis reactors

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1323363C (fr) * 1989-08-24 1993-10-19 Gordon M. Cameron Montage de tubes pour echangeur de chaleur

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1125758A (en) * 1912-05-29 1915-01-19 Stack Heater Company Water-heater.
GB112222A (en) * 1917-04-24 1918-01-03 George Woodvine Improvements in Vertical Steam-boilers.
US1655086A (en) * 1926-03-26 1928-01-03 Robert L Blanding Heat exchanger
AU113631A (en) * 1931-03-12 1932-01-07 Downie Norman An improved fuel vaporizer attachment for internal combustion engines
US1869973A (en) * 1929-12-20 1932-08-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Combined condenser and heater
DE563894C (de) * 1930-04-29 1932-11-11 Zimmermann & Co Waermeaustauscher mit um seine Achse schraubenfoermig gebogenen Rohren
US2346822A (en) * 1941-11-08 1944-04-18 Drayer & Hanson Inc Heat transfer apparatus
GB570115A (en) * 1942-07-29 1945-06-22 Westinghouse Electric Int Co Improvements in or relating to heat-exchange apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1125758A (en) * 1912-05-29 1915-01-19 Stack Heater Company Water-heater.
GB112222A (en) * 1917-04-24 1918-01-03 George Woodvine Improvements in Vertical Steam-boilers.
US1655086A (en) * 1926-03-26 1928-01-03 Robert L Blanding Heat exchanger
US1869973A (en) * 1929-12-20 1932-08-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Combined condenser and heater
DE563894C (de) * 1930-04-29 1932-11-11 Zimmermann & Co Waermeaustauscher mit um seine Achse schraubenfoermig gebogenen Rohren
AU113631A (en) * 1931-03-12 1932-01-07 Downie Norman An improved fuel vaporizer attachment for internal combustion engines
US2346822A (en) * 1941-11-08 1944-04-18 Drayer & Hanson Inc Heat transfer apparatus
GB570115A (en) * 1942-07-29 1945-06-22 Westinghouse Electric Int Co Improvements in or relating to heat-exchange apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2852350A (en) * 1952-12-27 1958-09-16 Rheinpreussen Ag Fur Bergbau A Carbon monoxide hydrogenation synthesis reactors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE849111C (de) 1952-09-11
GB696672A (en) 1953-09-09
CH290704A (fr) 1953-05-15
FR997627A (fr) 1952-01-08

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