US2689883A - Impulse-repeating electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Impulse-repeating electromagnetic relay Download PDF

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Publication number
US2689883A
US2689883A US250974A US25097451A US2689883A US 2689883 A US2689883 A US 2689883A US 250974 A US250974 A US 250974A US 25097451 A US25097451 A US 25097451A US 2689883 A US2689883 A US 2689883A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
armature
relay
pole
line
impulse
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US250974A
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English (en)
Inventor
John I Bellamy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Micronas GmbH
International Telephone and Telegraph Corp
Original Assignee
Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH filed Critical Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority to US250974A priority Critical patent/US2689883A/en
Priority to FR1068971D priority patent/FR1068971A/fr
Priority to DEM22909A priority patent/DE936218C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2689883A publication Critical patent/US2689883A/en
Priority to FR67801D priority patent/FR67801E/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H01H50/40—Branched or multiple-limb main magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/30—Electromagnetic relays specially adapted for actuation by AC

Definitions

  • This invention relates to animpulse-repeating electromagnetic relay, and it primary object is to provide a relay of that kind which will respond with improved faithfulness over a Wide range of.
  • a simple, reliable, and economical form'of electromagnetic relay widely used in telephone switchboards and in related fields is based on a U-shaped magnet structure, made up. of an. L- shaped magnetic return plate and an electromagnet which lies parallel to the longer arm of the return plate, with one end secured to the shorter arm.
  • a relay is used as a. a line relay to repeat direct-current control impulses into local circuits.
  • Figure 203 of that publication shows a line relay LR of a selector switch and of a connector switch controlled successively by series of impulses received over a line froma calling telephone.
  • Adjustment of Automatic Apparatus points outthatthe pulsing mechanism of the telephone calling device is adjusted to give a normal impulse speed (frequency) of about ten per second; that a ratio of'about 65 percent break of the impulse contacts is common; andthat, in one example, the extreme test limits of the line-resistance range over which a line relay can successfully repeat the impulses at a rate of fourteen per second (see paraditions, comprising, (1) a line of-minimum line resistance, but withpoor insulation and conseqnent high line leakage, and (2) a line of maximum line resistance, but with good insulation "and consequent low line leakage.
  • Chapter XXIII Testing and 'tacts.
  • the armature of a relay having a correct basic adjustment requires a heavy restoring force to insure that it restores with reasonable promptness when the line is opened at the impulse con-
  • the magnetic structure of the relay is then at its highest point of magnetic saturation, and thehigh magnetic energy tends to dissipate slowly because of the shading effect of the low shunt resistance.
  • eddy currents and the residual tendencies present in the magnetic structure tend to cause the armature of a highly saturated relay of this type to restore late unless the restoring spring force is substantial.
  • the armature restores more quickly because the flux level of the magnetic structure is, much lower.
  • This action coupled with the fact that the high series resistance causes the armature to operate much later on the closure of the impulse contacts, causes a very'large change in the break-make ratio of the repeated impulses.
  • the restoring-spring force is so regulated that the departure from the most desirable-ratio is shared about equally between the two extremes of line conditions.
  • the branch pole member acts upon the armature in opposition to the normal tractive pole member, whereby the armature is operated by the main, unshaded pole member at the beginning of an impulse, and restored by the action of the auxiliary, shaded pole member at the termination thereof.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 show respectively a side, top, and front view of relay RI, comprising the preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial side view of relay R2, comprising a desirable modification of relay RI of Figs. 1 to 3;
  • Fig. 5 shows a typical circuit use of relay R
  • Fig. 6 shows a modification of Fig. 5 which uses relay R2 (Fig. 4).
  • FIG. 1 the preferred embodiment, includes an L-shaped magnetic return plate 2, having the core 6 of the electromagnet fixed thereto by screw 1.
  • Spoolheads 1 and 9 are fixed with core 3 to define a space for windings 3, separated by washer 50.
  • Four winding terminals I! are fixed with spoolhead 9.
  • the spoolheads ii and 9 are preferably of a similar half-circular and half-square shape, as shown for the spoolhead 8 in Fig. 3.
  • the circular half of spoolhead 9 is uppermost, While the square half of spoolhead 8 is uppermost, providing a sturdy surface which rigidly supports the front end of member 2 and holds the electromagnet against rotation.
  • Armature 5 is supported on pivot rod I8, which passes through ears 2
  • Bracket I5 is preferably of magnetic ma terial to provide a comparatively large area of return air gap between armature 5 and part l5, and thence through member 2.
  • Strip IQ of nonmagnetic material, is secured to part l5, as by rivets 20, to act as a front stop for armature 5 in its forward motion toward the main, tractive pole member 4.
  • the contact mechanism of the relay is contained in assembly of Figs. 1 and 2, including clamp plates 34 and 43, secured together by clamp screws 44, and retained on member 2 by screws 45.
  • the contact assembly includes two columns, 3
  • Each column includes a lower fixed contact blade 31, an intermediate, traveling contact blade 39, and an upper, fixed contact blade 4
  • are preferably of substantially greater thickness than the traveling contact blade 39, the thickness of which is accentuated in the drawing to avoid crowding of the lines.
  • Actuation of the contact mechanism is accomplished by the T-shaped rear arm 22 of the armature 5, through the medium of the relatively 4. thin actuating blade 35 and the overlying insulating actuator 41.
  • are each provided with windows 48 (Fig. 2), to permit actuator 41 to move freely therethrough.
  • Each contact blade has a rear terminal portion 33 for the attachment of a conductor thereto.
  • the contact blades are maintained insulated from each other and from the clamp plates 34 and 43 by insulating plates 36, 38, 40, and 42.
  • Movement of armature 5 responsive to energization and deenergization of the windings 3 is controlled jointly by the main, actuating pole member 4 and the auxiliary, restoring pole member 5
  • is encircled by a conducting shading device 52, composed of a desired number of laminations of a conducting material such as copper.
  • are secured to the front end of core 6 by screw II, which passes through enlarged or vertically slotted openings in parts 4 and 5
  • the tractive face of pole member 4 is a substantial distance below the upper face of front stop member Is, to leave a substantial residual air gap between parts 4 and 5 with the armature 5 in its operated position, and part 5
  • are both magnetized and each attracts armature 5.
  • Conducting shading member 52 delays the passage of flux through member 5
  • actuating arm 22 raises actuating spring members 35 to thereby raise actuators 41.
  • , 32) is thereby lifted out of engagement with its fixed contact member 31, and is brought into effective engagement with its fixed contact member 4
  • are consequently demagnetized, but the demagnetization of pole member 5
  • the relay R2 shown therein is exactly similar to the relay RI of Figs. 1 to 3 except that Shading member 52 has been shifted from restoring pole member I to actuating pole member 4.
  • pole member 5I demagnetizes with comparative promptness, while shading member 52 delays the demagnetization of pole member 4 for an interval. During this interval, armature 5 is operated by member 4. If the windings remain currentless until the effect of shading member 52 has died away, armature 5 is then restored by spring action.
  • relay R2 In the normal intended use of relay R2, hereinafter described, the establishment of current flow through the windings of the relay is followed by a series of impulses in the form of momentary current interruptions. As a consequence, the armature of the relay is attracted to pole member 4 upon the first interruption and remains so attracted until the current flow is resumed, whereupon it is magnetically restored by the overpowering action of pole member 5
  • Conductors 5I2 are the usual line conductors in a two-wire signalling system, such as the conductors of a dial telephone line.
  • LS represents a partially illustrated line switch of the type indicated in Fig. 203 (opposite page 268) of the cited publication, the arrangement being such that any one of a number of lines such as 5I2 can be switched into connection with the relay RI.
  • Each lineswitch LS may have access to a number of the digit recording circuits, and each such circuit may be accessible to a number of lineswitches LS.
  • the symbols 5 I I indicate multiple connections to the contact banks of other lineswitches LS.
  • Relay RI (of Figs. 1 to 3) cooperates with the associated hold relay 52I in controlling a stepping switch SSI.
  • the stepping switch is used to extend the conductors of a calling line to, or toward, the conductors of a called line, but for simplicity of disclosure the switch SS is illustrated as controlling the lighting of display lamps 550.
  • Stepping switch SS includes a brush 521 having the illustrated normal position and having ten oif-normal positions in which it engages its associated contacts 1 to 1c respectively.
  • Station 500 may be at some distance from the apparatus controlled therefrom, or it may be a station comparatively close to the apparatus.
  • the resistors 5I3 and 5M represent the distributed wire resistance of the line 5I2, and resistors 5I5 and 5 I 6 represent distributed leakage between the wires of the line, such as may result from wet, broken, or missing insulators; contact between bare line wires and tree branches; or moisture in a cable.
  • Parts 8, fl, and 22 may each have a 1-inch width; core 6 may be three eighths inch in diameter; and the other parts may be generally in proportion according to the scale used in the drawing. With this proportioning, each of the windings 3 may comprise about 4000 turns of No. 34 enameled copper wire, having a resistance of approximately 200 ohms.
  • the relay RI has been found to repeat dial impulses satisfactorily, without change of adjustment, over lines 5I2 ranging from substantially zero to 1800 ohms series resistance, represented by resistors 5I3 and 5M on the drawing, and with leakage (shunt resistance) ranging between infinity and 3600 ohms, represented by resistors 5 I 5 and SIB.
  • hookswitch contacts 5H3 are first closed; impulse sending contacts 5I I are then caused to open momentaril a number of times to deliver a series of break impulses over the line M2; and hookswitch contacts ⁇ Sill are later opened when the transmitted registration is to be cleared out.
  • relay 52! On each restoration of relay RI, the circuit of hold relay 52! is opened at contact blades 39 and 4!, but relay 52! remains operated during the series of impulses because of its slow-releasing, as by having the indicated copper sleeve surrounding its core, between the core and the winding, as is commonpractice in the art. As a result, relay 52 I remains operated continuously throughout the transmission of a series of impulses.
  • Stepping magnet 523 responds by advancing wiper 52! one step for each impulse received, engaging a separate one of itscontacts 1 to 10 on each step. Since wiper 52'! is grounded, the lamps 1 to 10 in group 550 are momentarily lighted successively during the receipt of impulses. The lamp which corresponds to the contact on which member 52'! stands at the end of the series of, impulses remains lighted as a display signal of the value of the digit transmitted and registered.
  • Off-normal contacts 525 become closed on the firststep of wiper 521.
  • hookswitch contacts 5 I are again opened and are allowed to remain open.
  • line relay RI restores and remains restored, hold relay 52 I restoring shortly thereafter.
  • Fig. 6 is like Fig. 5 except that relay R2 is substituted for relay RI, and the associated control circuit is revised accordingly.
  • Relay R2 because of its described reversed action, does not require a normally closed contactmember such as 3'! of Fig. 5. Instead, it uses two pairs of normally open contact members 39 and 4!, termed 39R, MR, and 39L, 4
  • release magnet 526 As a further result of each momentary closure of the contacts of relay R2, contacts 3.9L and 4 IL close a circuit over wire 624 for release magnet 526.
  • Release magnet 526 is a slow-operating electromagnet, preferably being so arranged by having a winding of considerable inductance and having the usual armature-restoring spring (not shown) adjusted to apply substantial restraining tension.
  • release magnet 626 does not respond to any of the momentary impulses delivered to it along with, and incidental to, the noted delivery of stepping impulses to magnet 623.
  • release magnet 625 operates because the length of the impulse then deliveredthereto over wire 624 exceeds the slow-operate period of the magnet. Upon operating magnet 626open-circuits stepping magnet 623 at its contacts 628. Magnet 626 remains operated, and wiper 621 is thereby restored to its illustrated normal position. Release magnet 626 soon becomes deenergized, upon the previously noted restoration of relay R2 when. the current in shading member 52 of'Fig. 4 diesout. The apparatus of Fig. 6 is thus again in its illustrated normalcondition.
  • the armature should be relativelylight (having a small effective mass, or-
  • the movement of the armature from either of its stop positions to the other can occur readily within the short interval allowable for such movement.
  • the armature 'can very likely be improved by narrowing its width forward of the screws [6 (see Fig. 2), and by correspondingly narrowing the width of pole members :3 and iii, accompanied if necessary by an increase in the thickness of the pole members.
  • Lightness of armature 5 is further promoted by constructing it of a magnetic material having maximum permeability and having a high saturation value, whereby its cross-sectional area can be correspondingly reduced.
  • the armature 5 has not been specially shaped for maximum lightness, nor has the use of a magnetic material better than commercially available annealed ingot iron sheet (about one sixteenth inch thickness) been found necessary for the successful use of the relay under the conditions hereinbefore described. Annealed ingot iron is satisfactory for the remaining magnetic items, and soft cold-rolled steel has been used successfully for these items.
  • the armature shape or material best results are obtained when the armature itself comprises the most restricted portion (highest reluctance per 'unit length) of the magnetic circuit, and comprises the portion of the circuit which first reaches saturation when the windings 3 develop sufficient magneto-motive force.
  • the armature should have a short stroke. That is, the relay should be so adjusted that the normal position and the operated position of armature 5 are as close together as the demands of the contact members (Bl, 39, M) reasonably permit. This arises from the fact that the joint control exercised by the pole members 4 and El (in operating the armature 5 positively in each of the two directions of movement as the force differential shifts in direction) is best exercised when the armature is never so much closer to one pole member than to the other that the nearer pole unduy restrains the armature from starting its travel toward the distant pole.
  • the operating range is very limited if the stop positions are such that the armature comes into contact with either pole member, and particularly the unshaded pole member.
  • the armature With the armature contacting a pole member, it is very difficult to adjust the device so that the armature will move to the other pole member unless the pole members are brought much closer together than the drawings indicate.
  • the armature stroke then becomes so small that the resulting movement is less than the requirements of the illustrated type of contact members.
  • the shading efjectiveness of shading member 52 may vary between rather wide limits, such from 506 to lGGU mhos for the circuit use illus trated in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the shading device can be used for interruption impulses of ten per second, so long as the line current and the flux through the shaded pole member have both reached substantially a steady-state condition before the starts, and for low-frequency interruption-im pulse situations wherein the initial interruption closely follows the initial line closure, best results are obtained with the illustrated structure when the conductance of shading member 52 does not exceed 500 mhos.
  • Armature lightness and bias which govern the ease with which the net magneto-tractive force, available incidental to a rise or a fall in current, can move the armature from its presently occupied position to its other position;
  • Total flux range which is limited by the amount of flux which substantially saturates the structure.
  • Amount of shading or the conductance of shading member which determines, for any rate of change of total flux, the distribution of such rate of change between the two pole members.
  • a device of the disclosed-character When a device of the disclosed-character has the foregoing factors favorably related according to the description hereinbefore given, it operates in the described useful manner. Eut, when one or more of the factors is too far out of proportion with the others, the device cannot perform according to the invention. For example, if the shading conductance is too low compared to the flux range and to the armature lightness and sensitivity, the armature cannot change positions responsive to any single impulse of direct current, or half cycle of alternating current, of any strength or sharpness of rise or fall. If the rise or fall be comparatively gradual, then the flux change is gradual, and the flux differential. is insufficient to generate a net force differential great enough to withdraw the armature from its nearer pole member.
  • armature In a quick-acting impulse responsive device, a relatively light armature and means rendering it reciprocable between two' positions", an electromagnet for operating the armature, pole means forone pole of the electromagnet divided into two branches ending in pole faces so disposed as to exert opposite tractive forces on the armature in directions toward.
  • the two armature positions respectively-shading means for one branch delaying flux change therein with respect to flux change in the other branch incident to the rise and to thefall of current in the winding of the electromagnet responsive to the application and termination of an impulse of direct current to the winding, means included in the said parts and means for rendering the transient resultant of'the opposite tractive forces capable of moving the armature from one of its positions to the other responsive to each said rise of current in a series, and rendering it capable of moving the armature back to its said one position responsive to each said fall of current of the series.
  • a quick-acting impulse-responsive device as set forth in claim 1, means biasing'the armature to move to one of its positions when magnetically free to do" so, said transient resultant forc "hen in one direction acting with the biasl 2 ing means to move the armature to its last said position, the said transient resultant force when in the other direction acting against the biasing means to move the armature to its opposite position.
  • impulse-responding means for responding individually to the impulses of series of direct current impulses received over a pulse-transmission line, said impulse-responding means comprising an electromagnet having a winding connected in series with said line, an armature operatively associated with the electromagnet, means defining a first position and a second position for the armature, the electromagnet having a main pole member having a pole face so related to the armature as to attract the armature to its second position responsive to each of said impulses of a series, and means for restoring said armature from its second position to its first position responsive to the cessation of each of the impulses, said restoring means including an auxiliary pole member comprising a branch of the main pole member and having a pole faceso related to the armature as to attract it in opposition to the main pole member,v and a conducting shading member surrounding the auxiliary pole member and delaying flux change therein with respect to flux change in the main pole member, and means included inthe foregoing whereby the effect
  • the restoring means is prevented from reaching full value on the receipt of an impulse until after the armature has movedfrom its first position toward its second position, and means included in the foregoing whereby the effector the restoring means is continued beyond the end oi. the received impulse to restore the armature from its second position to its first position.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
US250974A 1951-10-12 1951-10-12 Impulse-repeating electromagnetic relay Expired - Lifetime US2689883A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US250974A US2689883A (en) 1951-10-12 1951-10-12 Impulse-repeating electromagnetic relay
FR1068971D FR1068971A (fr) 1951-10-12 1952-10-10 Relais électromagnétique
DEM22909A DE936218C (de) 1951-10-12 1954-05-01 Wechselstromrelais
FR67801D FR67801E (fr) 1951-10-12 1955-04-28 Relais électromagnétique

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US250974A US2689883A (en) 1951-10-12 1951-10-12 Impulse-repeating electromagnetic relay

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US2689883A true US2689883A (en) 1954-09-21

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DE (1) DE936218C (fr)
FR (2) FR1068971A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862078A (en) * 1956-02-10 1958-11-25 Bristol Company Electromagnetic circuit-controlling device and apparatus embodying the same
US3740650A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-06-19 Texas Instruments Inc Electromagnetic switch
US3777294A (en) * 1972-11-20 1973-12-04 Texas Instruments Inc Electromagnetic switch

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US863667A (en) * 1907-02-18 1907-08-20 Union Switch & Signal Co Relay.
US1158898A (en) * 1906-09-20 1915-11-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrically-operated device.
US1421269A (en) * 1920-12-16 1922-06-27 Union Switch & Signal Co Electromagnet
US2513400A (en) * 1948-08-17 1950-07-04 American Telephone & Telegraph Digit absorbing selector

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1158898A (en) * 1906-09-20 1915-11-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrically-operated device.
US863667A (en) * 1907-02-18 1907-08-20 Union Switch & Signal Co Relay.
US1421269A (en) * 1920-12-16 1922-06-27 Union Switch & Signal Co Electromagnet
US2513400A (en) * 1948-08-17 1950-07-04 American Telephone & Telegraph Digit absorbing selector

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862078A (en) * 1956-02-10 1958-11-25 Bristol Company Electromagnetic circuit-controlling device and apparatus embodying the same
US3740650A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-06-19 Texas Instruments Inc Electromagnetic switch
US3777294A (en) * 1972-11-20 1973-12-04 Texas Instruments Inc Electromagnetic switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR67801E (fr) 1958-03-24
FR1068971A (fr) 1954-07-02
DE936218C (de) 1955-12-07

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