US2704242A - Apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US2704242A
US2704242A US199245A US19924550A US2704242A US 2704242 A US2704242 A US 2704242A US 199245 A US199245 A US 199245A US 19924550 A US19924550 A US 19924550A US 2704242 A US2704242 A US 2704242A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
wall
cylinder
refractory
pyrolysis
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Expired - Lifetime
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US199245A
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English (en)
Inventor
Howard W Strauss
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Columbian Carbon Co
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Columbian Carbon Co
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Publication date
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Priority to US199245A priority Critical patent/US2704242A/en
Priority to FR1111181D priority patent/FR1111181A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2704242A publication Critical patent/US2704242A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/44—Carbon
    • C09C1/48—Carbon black
    • C09C1/54—Acetylene black; thermal black ; Preparation thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
    • Y10S585/924—Reactor shape or disposition

Definitions

  • the apparatus of my present invention avoids the difliculties heretofore experienced with that type of opera- ⁇ tion. It may be operated substantially without interruption, is compact, relatively inexpensive and has other advantages as will hereinafter appear.
  • a primary advantage of my present invention is that productive operation may be carried on continuously over long periods without interruption, either for cleaning or reheating. This is accomplished by providing the refractory surfaces in the form of a perforated refractory cylinder adapted to be rotatedabout its axis. One segment of this cylinder is continuously heated in a heating zone while the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon is continuously effected by passing the hydrocarbon in contact with a different, previously heated segment of the cylinder in a pyrolysis zone, the cylinder being so positioned that during rotation successive segments of the cylinder pass successively through the heating zone and then through the pyrolysis zone and back to the heating zone for reheating.
  • the gaseous hydrocarbon is continuously passed through the perforation, in contact with the freshly heated segment of the refractory cylinder and in this way substantially uniform temperature conditions are constantly maintained. Further, any carbon deposits formed on a segment of the cylinder in the pyrolysis zone may be burned therefrom in the heating zone, and in this way any accumulation of carbon which would tend to insulate the refractory surfaces from the hydrocarbons or to plug the passages through which the gases must pass through the refractory, is avoided.
  • the temperature of the refractory surfaces and the rate of heat transfer therefrom may be maintained remarkably uniform. Further, the temperature of the refractory may be nicely controlled by adjustment of the rate of heating, the speed of rotation of the cylinder, and the rate of feed of the hydrocarbons, so as to eifect the desired extent of pyrolysis, i. e., either to form carbon black or a lesser degree of pyrolysis.
  • Figure 1 of the drawings is a vertical section of the furnace along the lines 1-1 of Figure 2, and
  • Figure 2 of the drawings is a horizontal section of the furnace taken along lines 2 2 of Figure 1.
  • the furnace is enclosed by a vertically positioned, impervious cylindrical wall 1, an impervious roof wall 2, and an impervious floor wall 3,
  • a cylindrical perforated refractory partition Wall 4 is positioned within the enclosure, coaxially with respect to the wall 1, so as to form an inner chamber 5 and an annular chamber 6.
  • the outer wall 1 and the roof wall 2 are stationary and are supported by supporting members of any conventional type, for instance, as more particularly shown by the elements 7 of Figure 2.
  • the floor Wall 3 is likewise stationary and is supported by the column S.
  • the perforated wall 4 is supported by, and, at its lower end, is securely fastened to an annular shaped sealing member 9.
  • the member 9 is provided with an annular track 10 which rests upon, and is supported by, a plurality of lianged rollers 11.
  • the member 9 is further provided with means adapted to cause its rotation about its axis such, for instance, as a toothed wheel 12, extending about the member 9 and securely fastened thereto, the toothed wheel 12 being adapted to cooperate with a driving gear, not shown in the drawing.
  • the oor wall 3, and the outer wall 1, are provided, respectively, with lianges 13 and 14 extending downwardly into annular trough-shaped depressions 15 and 16 in the sealing member.
  • These annular trough-shaped de-. pressions are adapted to be filled with a powdered sealing' material such, for instance, as silicon oxide, magnesium,
  • an inlet chamber 18 in open communication with the annular chamber and radially positioned with respect tothe eluent chamber.
  • This inlet chamber ⁇ is delineated by the walls 19 which extend inwardly to a position just short of the outer surface of the ,perforated partition wall so as to form an effective seal between the inlet chamber and adjacent segments of the annular chamber while permitting free rotation of the perforated cylindrical partition.
  • a plurality of valved ⁇ hydrocarbon inlet conduits 20 spaced over the height of "the chamber and connected at their outer ends with the hydrocarbon manifolds 21.
  • the inner chamber is provided with a stack gas outlet 24 and the effluent chamber is provided with an outlet 2S.
  • the several walls of the chamber are composed of highly refractory Iof the chamber should be well insulated material, advantageously a ceramic material, such as conventionally used as furnace refractories, and adapted to withstand extremely high temperatures.
  • the outer walls to reduce heat Patented Mar. l15, 1955 4afronden losses.
  • la Vsuitable catalyst may be 'deposited on the walls of the perforations to promote the desired reaction.
  • the perforated cylinder is highly heated by blast lames impinging thereon from the blast burners 22.
  • the refractory cylinder is, with advantage, rotated ⁇ about its axis 'and highly heated before introduction ofthe hydrocarbonto be decomposed is initiated. At leastasegment of the perforated cylinder sufiiciently'wide toextend pastthe inlet chamber should be thus preheated.
  • the segment Aof the perforated cylinder within 'the'inlet zone has been brought to 'the desired temperature, the .gaseous hydrocarbon to be pyrolyzed is passed to the 4inlet chamber under sufficient pressure to force Ait through the perforations in that segment of therefractory cylinder moving past the inlet chamber.
  • the effluent chamber is maintained under a subatmospheric pressure so as to minimize loss of the hydrocarbon through ⁇ the narrow 'clearances betweenthe surfacesfof the cylindrical wall and the walls of the inlet chamber and etlluent chamber,1respectively.
  • the pressure'just sufficient to minimize such loss of hydrocarbon the influx of combustion gases from the inner chamber is'also minimized.
  • the process may be carried on continuously without interruption of theproductive cycle. Temperature conditions may be maintained constant, as previously noted, by regulation of the blast ames, ⁇ or other heating means, and the speed at which the perforated refractory cylinder is rotated.
  • the perforated'refractory cylinder be rotated continuously as more uniform operation isthereby obtained.
  • the cylinder may be intermittently rotated so as .to interpose a fresh, highly 'heated segment in the path of the hydrocarbons when theprevious segment has been cooled to some predetermined temperature.
  • the dimensions of the apparatus are subject to considerable variation dependingprimarily upon the desired capacity of the apparatus and extent of pyrolysis required.
  • the segment ofthe rotating cylinder within the pyrolytic zone is only about one-seventh of its circumference. This, ofcourse, may be increased, or decreased, as desiredywithout departing from the spirit ofthe present invention.
  • the perforated refractory cylinder may, for instance, 'be three feet indiameter and'three feet in' height, the walls thereof 'being four inches thickwith perforations 1% inch in diameter and positioned on 3A inch centers.
  • the optimurnthiclcness vof the wall andsize and-positioning of perforationswvill ⁇ vary depending upon the contemplated operation and theextentfof ⁇ contact ⁇ and heating period required.
  • the ⁇ temperature of the refractory cylinder should be sufficient to-heat the gas to a temperatureof: aboutf2500 l F. and a contact time of the order of 0.01 second will generally be found adequate. Where destructive decomposition of the hydrocarbon to produce carbon black is desired, the rate of throughput will ordinarily be reduced and, hence, the contact time will be very substantially increased.
  • the ⁇ blast-llames of the hot products of combustion willimpinge directly on that segment of the refractory cylinder withinthat zone and will pass through the perforations thereof into ⁇ the inner chamber 5.
  • the resultant flue ⁇ gases may be withdrawn from the chamber 'through the ⁇ outlet '24 and pass to a stack, or otherwise disposed of.
  • the hot pyrolysis gases from the effluent chamber are withdrawn therefrom through the outlet 25 and may be treated in various ways, depending upon the character and purpose :of the operation.
  • the etiluent gases, carrying particles of carbon in suspension, v may be passed through conduit 26, through cooler 27 to carbon black precipitatorcollector Z8, suitable coolers and precipitators being wellknown to the art.
  • the carbon black is thereby separated and collected at ⁇ 29.
  • the residual gases pass off 'through line 430 andmay be disposed of, as desired.
  • this residual lgas will contain a substantial proportion of gas suitable for heating .purposes and may be used, to advantage, in the reheating of the rotating refractory cylinder.
  • ⁇ valve 31 maybe closed and valve '32, in conduit 33 opened and the residual gas passed through thecheck valve 34 'and line 35 to the fuel gas manifold'23.
  • this gas may be supplemented yby other Yfuel gas supplied'throug'h valved connection 36.
  • the hydrocarbon 'to Abe ⁇ pyrolyzed in accordance with my present process, may consist primarily of methane, natural gas, for instance, or it may consist of hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight 'than methane, either normally gaseous, or adapted :to Vaporize Without objectionable coking.
  • natural gas-enrichedby mixing the vapors of'higher molecularweight therewith may be used either as such, or diluted with steam, or other diluent.
  • Suitable means for maintaining the efuent chamber under'areduced pressure'are'well knownto the art and need notherebe described. Itis, of course, usually desirable 'to place'such means lin the Aeffluent 'line beyond the ⁇ pointwhere the eiuentgaseshave 'been substantially cooled.
  • it may be interposed in line 33 or 35, where the ,gases are to be used for reheating the refractory cylinder. 4Under other conditions,'it would be placed in line "30 ⁇ or 38.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
US199245A 1950-12-05 1950-12-05 Apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US2704242A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US199245A US2704242A (en) 1950-12-05 1950-12-05 Apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons
FR1111181D FR1111181A (fr) 1950-12-05 1954-08-26 Pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US199245A US2704242A (en) 1950-12-05 1950-12-05 Apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

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FR (1) FR1111181A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2885269A (en) * 1957-07-05 1959-05-05 Commercial Solvents Corp Continuously heated carbon black furnace
US2914448A (en) * 1954-12-29 1959-11-24 Cabot Godfrey L Inc Process for heat treating particulate solid materials
US4032289A (en) * 1975-09-08 1977-06-28 Despatch Industries, Inc. Convection oven
US4042339A (en) * 1974-05-20 1977-08-16 University Of Leeds Industrial Services Limited Production of nitric acid
US4402915A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-09-06 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal hydride reactor
EP0383106A1 (fr) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-22 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Noir d'acétylène, procédé et dispositif pour sa préparation
EP0384175A1 (fr) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-29 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de préparation de noir d'acétylène

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1724982A (en) * 1925-12-10 1929-08-20 Milon J Trumble Oil-cracking means and method
DE578311C (de) * 1928-09-23 1933-06-12 Franz Fischer Dr Verfahren zur Gewinnung von kohlenstoffreicheren Kohlenwasserstoffen durch Erhitzung von Methan
US2106137A (en) * 1934-07-09 1938-01-18 Forrest C Reed Process of producing carbon black
US2246345A (en) * 1939-08-16 1941-06-17 Sinclair Refining Co Catalytic cracking
GB543093A (en) * 1940-08-08 1942-02-10 William Herbert Mccandlish Improved recuperators or regenerators for the interchange of heat between gases
US2319679A (en) * 1942-04-27 1943-05-18 Wulff Process Company Manufacture of acetylene by regenerative type of pyrolysis
US2334555A (en) * 1941-05-17 1943-11-16 Standard Oil Dev Co Catalytic apparatus
US2389636A (en) * 1943-10-19 1945-11-27 Brassert & Co Cracking hydrocarbon gases and vapors
US2558861A (en) * 1945-04-30 1951-07-03 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for production of acetylene and other hydrocarbons

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1724982A (en) * 1925-12-10 1929-08-20 Milon J Trumble Oil-cracking means and method
DE578311C (de) * 1928-09-23 1933-06-12 Franz Fischer Dr Verfahren zur Gewinnung von kohlenstoffreicheren Kohlenwasserstoffen durch Erhitzung von Methan
US2106137A (en) * 1934-07-09 1938-01-18 Forrest C Reed Process of producing carbon black
US2246345A (en) * 1939-08-16 1941-06-17 Sinclair Refining Co Catalytic cracking
GB543093A (en) * 1940-08-08 1942-02-10 William Herbert Mccandlish Improved recuperators or regenerators for the interchange of heat between gases
US2334555A (en) * 1941-05-17 1943-11-16 Standard Oil Dev Co Catalytic apparatus
US2319679A (en) * 1942-04-27 1943-05-18 Wulff Process Company Manufacture of acetylene by regenerative type of pyrolysis
US2389636A (en) * 1943-10-19 1945-11-27 Brassert & Co Cracking hydrocarbon gases and vapors
US2558861A (en) * 1945-04-30 1951-07-03 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for production of acetylene and other hydrocarbons

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2914448A (en) * 1954-12-29 1959-11-24 Cabot Godfrey L Inc Process for heat treating particulate solid materials
US2885269A (en) * 1957-07-05 1959-05-05 Commercial Solvents Corp Continuously heated carbon black furnace
US4042339A (en) * 1974-05-20 1977-08-16 University Of Leeds Industrial Services Limited Production of nitric acid
US4032289A (en) * 1975-09-08 1977-06-28 Despatch Industries, Inc. Convection oven
US4402915A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-09-06 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal hydride reactor
EP0383106A1 (fr) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-22 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Noir d'acétylène, procédé et dispositif pour sa préparation
EP0384175A1 (fr) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-29 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de préparation de noir d'acétylène

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1111181A (fr) 1956-02-23

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