US2708185A - Detergent compositions - Google Patents

Detergent compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2708185A
US2708185A US114910A US11491049A US2708185A US 2708185 A US2708185 A US 2708185A US 114910 A US114910 A US 114910A US 11491049 A US11491049 A US 11491049A US 2708185 A US2708185 A US 2708185A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
alkali metal
sulphates
removal
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US114910A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stewart Daniel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Scottish Oils Ltd
Original Assignee
Scottish Oils Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scottish Oils Ltd filed Critical Scottish Oils Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2708185A publication Critical patent/US2708185A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
    • A61K2800/412—Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to detergent compositions, suitable for use in the removal of oily materials from surfaces and particularly suitable for the removal of mineral oils or sludges from the hands or other parts of the body.
  • a detergent composition consisting of metal alkyl sulphates, of low solubility in water, is obtained by the sulphation of a distillation fraction of shale oil boiling in the approximate range 270 C.360 C. to which is added a filler, such as kieselguhr.
  • the composition also comprises a binding agent, for example, a clay, such as bentonite.
  • a binding agent for example, a clay, such as bentonite.
  • the composition may advantageously have incorporated therein a proportion of refined mineral or fatty oil, for example, a spindle oil. This addition of oil is particularly advantageous where removal of tarry matter is involved, and it aids in producing a smooth paste.
  • composition should contain not more than 30% by weight of the filler, 5-2( by weight of the binding agent and not more than by weight of oil.
  • the metal alkyl sulphates for use in the detergent composition of the invention are preferably prepared as follows: A shale oil distillate boiling in the approximate range 270 C.-360 C. and preferably derived from Scottish shale, is given a preliminary treatment with dilute sulphuric acid and with aqueous soda solution for the removal of nitrogen bases and phenols, and thereafter contacted with strong sulphuric acid.
  • the sulphuric acid used is preferably 96l00% strength and in an amount constituting from 10% to and preferably about 12-13% by volume of the oil feed.
  • the sulphuric acid is intimately contacted with the oil while maintaining the temperature of the reactants below 20 C. and preferably at about 5 C.- 20 C.
  • reaction mixture containing alkyl hydrogen sulphates and dialkyl sulphates is separated into acid and oil layers in any convenient manner, as by gravity or by centrifuging.
  • the alkyl hydrogen sulphates and dialkyl sulphates are converted to metal alkyl sulphates by treatment with a metal hydroxide or carbonate, preferably sodium carbonate. This may be accomplished by adding the acid oil layer, after removal of all traces of acid sludge, to an excess of sodium carbonate in aqueous solution (for example a 16% solution). It is also an advantage to stir the resulting emulsion under a reflux condenser to avoid losses of the more volatile portions of the oils, for an extended period of time, for example 5 hours at 95 C.
  • the surface active agents may be recovered from this emulsion by adding an aqueous alcholoic solution with stirring.
  • the upper oily layer after extraction has been found to contain alcohols of the order of 15% by weight, which may be recovered by distillation.
  • the alcohol free oil may be redistilled after suitable refining treatment, such for example as distillation with steam and lime, or catalytic desulphurisation. Alcohol free unreacted oil may alternatively be blended back with the feed to the process, as it has been found to contain appreciable quantities of sulphatable olefins.
  • the proportion of residual oil in the alcoholic detergent solution after emulsion break is about 12% by weight of the sodium alkyl sulphate solution after evaporation of the alcohol.
  • the separated alcoholic detergent solution is evaporated to a thin paste or emulsion containing about 12 /2 by weight of sodium alkyl sulphates (calculated as CzoHnSOaONa) and admixed with filler, and if desired a binding agent, mineral oil, and other auxiliary ingredients, customarily employed in the art, such as antiseptic, deodorant and colouring matter.
  • sodium alkyl sulphates calculated as CzoHnSOaONa
  • Example 1 A sodium alkyl sulphate aqueous paste prepared from a Scottish shale oil distillate fraction boiling in the range 270-360 C., as described above, and containing approximately l2 /z% by weight of sodium alkyl sul-j phates, was admixed with bentonite and kieselguhr in the following proportions by weight:
  • Example 2 A sodium alkyl sulphate aqueous paste as in Example 1, and containing 12 /z% by weight of sodium alkyl sulphates, was admixed with bentonite, kieselguhr, refined mineral oil and water in the following proportions by weight:
  • metal alkyl sulphates in the form of an aqueous paste containing about 12.5% by weight of the alkali metal alkyl sulphates are admixed with the filler.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US114910A 1948-09-15 1949-09-09 Detergent compositions Expired - Lifetime US2708185A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB283056X 1948-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2708185A true US2708185A (en) 1955-05-10

Family

ID=10273526

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US114910A Expired - Lifetime US2708185A (en) 1948-09-15 1949-09-09 Detergent compositions

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2708185A (de)
CH (1) CH283056A (de)
DE (1) DE868952C (de)
GB (1) GB646765A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2787594A (en) * 1952-08-12 1957-04-02 Scottish Oils Ltd Spinning oil composition
US2787596A (en) * 1952-08-12 1957-04-02 Scottish Oils Ltd Cleaning composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4051056A (en) 1974-09-09 1977-09-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Abrasive scouring compositions

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB166727A (en) * 1920-04-26 1921-07-26 Herbert Schaefer Improvements in the manufacture of disinfectants from sulphurated shale oils
GB247940A (en) * 1925-02-17 1926-08-05 Peter Iwanowitsch Schestakoff Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of sulphonic acids and the salts thereof from mineral oils
US1738967A (en) * 1927-12-10 1929-12-10 Samuel S Sadtler Powdered detergent
US1915820A (en) * 1931-06-29 1933-06-27 Shell Dev Production of alkyl acid esters of polybasic inorganic acids
US1990490A (en) * 1931-06-29 1935-02-12 Joseph W Horne Method of producing insecticide and the like
US2067326A (en) * 1933-10-17 1937-01-12 Leatherman Martin Composition for removing fibrous layers from surfaces
US2157320A (en) * 1939-05-09 Detekgent composition containing
US2392779A (en) * 1944-03-07 1946-01-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Detergent composition
GB583028A (en) * 1941-06-06 1946-12-05 Novag Ag Zurich Improvements in or relating to body cleansing agents
US2529538A (en) * 1948-07-13 1950-11-14 Procter & Gamble Sulfonation of olefins

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2157320A (en) * 1939-05-09 Detekgent composition containing
GB166727A (en) * 1920-04-26 1921-07-26 Herbert Schaefer Improvements in the manufacture of disinfectants from sulphurated shale oils
GB247940A (en) * 1925-02-17 1926-08-05 Peter Iwanowitsch Schestakoff Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of sulphonic acids and the salts thereof from mineral oils
US1738967A (en) * 1927-12-10 1929-12-10 Samuel S Sadtler Powdered detergent
US1915820A (en) * 1931-06-29 1933-06-27 Shell Dev Production of alkyl acid esters of polybasic inorganic acids
US1990490A (en) * 1931-06-29 1935-02-12 Joseph W Horne Method of producing insecticide and the like
US2067326A (en) * 1933-10-17 1937-01-12 Leatherman Martin Composition for removing fibrous layers from surfaces
GB583028A (en) * 1941-06-06 1946-12-05 Novag Ag Zurich Improvements in or relating to body cleansing agents
US2392779A (en) * 1944-03-07 1946-01-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Detergent composition
US2529538A (en) * 1948-07-13 1950-11-14 Procter & Gamble Sulfonation of olefins

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2787594A (en) * 1952-08-12 1957-04-02 Scottish Oils Ltd Spinning oil composition
US2787596A (en) * 1952-08-12 1957-04-02 Scottish Oils Ltd Cleaning composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB646765A (en) 1950-11-29
CH283056A (de) 1952-05-31
DE868952C (de) 1953-03-02

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