US2709500A - Centrifugal air separator for removal of particles - Google Patents

Centrifugal air separator for removal of particles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2709500A
US2709500A US229030A US22903051A US2709500A US 2709500 A US2709500 A US 2709500A US 229030 A US229030 A US 229030A US 22903051 A US22903051 A US 22903051A US 2709500 A US2709500 A US 2709500A
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Prior art keywords
rotor
particles
air
stream
chamber
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US229030A
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English (en)
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William R Carter
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Priority to US229030A priority Critical patent/US2709500A/en
Priority to GB10682/52A priority patent/GB720041A/en
Priority to FR1061901D priority patent/FR1061901A/fr
Priority to CH308882D priority patent/CH308882A/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/14—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by rotating vanes, discs, drums or brushes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to machines and apparatus for removing fine particles from air or other gaseous mediums and for, if desired, classifying particle-removal through the principle of centrifugal separation.
  • lt is an object of my present invention to provide an extremely eicient gas separating machine or apparatus which will remove the nest particles of dust or other material entrained in a moving gaseous medium through the close cooperation of a high speed centrifuge rotor with a surrounding casing and with a gas withdrawal tube mounted at one end of said casing and extending through one end of said rotor and communicating with the axial portion within such end of the rotor.
  • a further object is the provision of a centrifugal, rotortype air separator which eliminates the undesirable features of filtering elements, cyclone dust collector systems and which while creating a main, high speed separation vortex, eliminates disturbing turbulence throughout the separation vortex.
  • a further object is the provision of a centrifugal dust collector having some features in common with my copending application, Serial Number 167,465, filed June l0, i950, now Patent No. 2,633,930, but attaining an extremely high dust removal efcien'cy through the employment of a high speed, hollow, densely apertured rotor body, working in close cooperation with an axial gas-withdrawal tube and spaced rotor casing.
  • a further object is the provision of a centrifugal air separator or particle remover which will produce a desired vortex and angular velocity of air without employment of any vanes or blades; which will maintain a substantially constant efficiency of separation although the capacity and flow is varied materially and which at a given air capacity, causes substantially no change in pressure drop across the apparatus even though there is a wide variation in the amount, type and particle size of the material to be separated.
  • Fig. l is a vertical section taken axially through an embodiment of my invention, the dotted lines indican ing connection of the gas or air discharge passage with a ⁇ blower casing and also, indicatingl an elective alternative connection of the air sealing passage with the discharge end of the blower;
  • Eig. 2 is a cross section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail view showing the lower end and defleetor flanges of an alternative rotor body
  • Il is a somewhat diagrammatical view partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section showing an embodiment of my invention where a pressure air liow is created through the centrifugal air separator and where air scaling mechanism is employed between the air withdrawal tube of the rotor and the base of the casing, to exclude passage of air from the bottom of the casing into the air discharge passage.
  • a cylindrical rotor casing 11 is employed, being as shown vertically disposed and having a smooth internal cylindrical wall, a closed top plate or disc .l2 provided with a central and axial air intake passage 12a and a bottom closure plate 13 suitably and removably affixed to the lower end of the cylinder 11.
  • a relatively small, cylin drie-al cap or intake casing 14 is secured to the top 12 of the rotor casing having a tangentially communicating air intake conduit 14a connected therewith and this cap casing is a'lxed with the inner position of a sealing gasket 11th to the central portion of the top plate 12, and has communication through a central aperture 14e with the upper end of the rotor casing 11.
  • .i provide a hollow centrifuge-rotor comprising a densely perforated, cylindrical shell 15 of a diameter somewhat less than the cylindrical casing 11 and axially mounted within the casing 11- with substantially Wide clearance relative thereto, to leave an annular particlecollecting passage 16 between the rotor and the casing,
  • the perforations 15a formed in the cylinder shell 15 are of a dimension or dimensions to permit the largest size particles to be removed, to very freely ypass therethrough without any restriction and such perforations are preferably circular, ranging in diameter according to the particular use of the machine, from one eighth of an inch to one half of an inch. Bdth external and internal surfaces of the cylindrical shell 15 are smooth and unobstructed by ribs, corrugations or detents in my preferred form.
  • the cylinder 15 is affixed at its upper end to an imperforate end disc 17 which is disposed in spaced relation to the top plate 12 of the casing and which axially embraces and is affixed by set screw or the like 17a to a vertical rotor shaft 18 having its ends journaled in suitable bearings 18a and 18b provided in the upper and lower ends of my apparatus or machine.
  • the lower end of the cylinder shell 15. as shown, surrounds and is aflixed to a bottom, imperforate end disc 19 which is provided with a relatively large circular aperture surrounding and closely fitting an air-withdrawal tube.20 which in the form illustrated, is aixed to and comprises a part of the rotor,
  • the air withdrawal tube 20 is open at both of its ends and as shown, is axed to the lower portion of rotor shaft 10 by suitable means such as upper and lower spiders 20a and Zlib respectively provided with radial set screws 20c.
  • the inner end of the air withdrawal tube therefore extends inwardly a short distance beyond the adjacent end closure 19 of the hollow rotorand is disposed axially thereof.
  • the lower end disc 19 as shown . is suitably aixed by bolts 19a and a spacer collar 1'9b to a perforated distributor disc 21 which is disposed near the' lower end plate 13 of the casing and a sealing gasket 22 is preferably interthe periphery of the withdrawal tube 20.
  • the lower end of air withdrawal tube 20 extends through a so-called sealing chamber 23 formed in the upper portion of a cap cylinder 24 affixed to the bottom closure disc 13 of the casing and then enters and cornmunicates with the clean air withdrawal passage 25 formed by the lower portion of cap cylinder 2.41.
  • Passage 25 is posed between collar 19t and disc 19, compressed against cylindrical and as shown, has a tangential discharge pas sage 25a which may be connected with the eye or intake of a blower B.
  • annular sealing chamber 23 is provided surrounding the intermediate lower portion of the withdrawal tube 20 and cornmunicating as shown in full lines, through one or more radial ports 23a with the atmospheric air surrounding my machine or apparatus.
  • the rotary tube 20 works in a clearance relation to apertured portions of the cap member 24 disposed above and below the sealing chamber 23 and to this end, if desired, a series of vertically spaced annular grooves 24a may be supplied in such apertured portions.
  • the bearing 18b for the lower end of the rotor shaft as shown, is supported within a removable heavy plate or disc 26 secured to the bottom of the cap cylinder 24.
  • the lower end of rotor shaft 18 as shown, is provided with a V-pulley 18C which may be driven from a motor or other source of power by an endless V-belt V.
  • the lower end of the cylindrical rotor shell 15 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, particle-discharge passages or slots 15b, the lower edges of which are preferably delined by the inner surface of the closure disc 19.
  • Deilector louvres or anges 15e are preferably formed just above the ports or slots 15b and may be integrally constructed with the shell 15 by cutting the stock of the shell in U-fashion and bending the flaps so cut into positions perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical shell. In handling certain types of particles it is desirable, as shown in Fig. 3 to aperture or perforate the deilectors or flanges 15e by the drilling or other provision of closely spaced apertures 55 formed therein.
  • a particle-discharge chamber is formed, having as shown, a lateral discharge passage 27 communicating with a short, depending spout 28 which as shown, is internally threaded at its lower open end to engage and support a particle-collecting container 29.
  • My apparatus may be supported or mounted in any suitable manner and in the form shown, is supported on four vertical legs 30 which are rigidly afxed to the bottom closure disc 13 of the rotor casing.
  • the centrifuge rotor is driven at relatively high speed, the speed varying within a range depending on the nature of the use.
  • the linear foot travel of the periphery of rotor cylinder 15 may vary from 5000 feet per minute up to 15,000 feet per minute, depending upon the conditions, size and specific gravity of the prevalent particles to be centrifugally extracted from their entrainment with air or some other gaseous medium.
  • Air flow is produced in the'form shown in Figures l to 3, by connection of the air discharge passage 25a with a source of suction or negative pressure such as the inlet of a power blower B.
  • the air intake passage 14a of my machine is connected with a room, chamber or the interior of a machine or apparatus from which particle-laden air is to be withdrawn.
  • the general movement of the air or gaseous medium and the particles entrained thereby in the machine of Figure l, is downwardly.
  • the general movement of the pure air or gaseous medium is inwardly and downwardly while the movement of the heavier particles is centrifugally outward and downwardly in the operation of the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • the high speed revolution of the hollow rotor including the densely perforated cylindrical shell 15 and its irnperforate top and bottom closure discs 17 and 19, sets up a high speed vortex with an angular velocity of the air equaling or substantially equaling the speed of the rotor.
  • the result of the highly efficient centrifuging vortex produced by my apparatus is that an extremely high eciency of separation is obtained.
  • the vortex is substantially free from turbulence and eddy currents since the rotor is unencumbered with arms, vanes, or obstructing parts and since the rotor is smooth and symmetrical in shape.
  • the imperforate upper closure disc 17 acts as a distributor upon the entering air or gaseous medium laden with particles of dust or other material, producing a substantially uniform radial and whirling distribution of the material to be separated, towards the inner peripheral wall of the rotor casing 11.
  • the vortex created by my rotor of course extends to the annular passage 16 between the rotor shell 15 and the casing 11 and here again, the swirling action is substantially free of any turbulence or eddy currents because of my improved structure.
  • the particles of foreign material such as dust, are centrifugally carried and worked by my apparatus to the annular passage 16 and then to the discharge end of the casing, passing through the lateral passage 27 into the top of the collector container. Gravity assists in the collection of particles.
  • the perforated disc 21 agitates particles collecting upon the bottom 13 of the casing and in its rotation, assists in the delivery of these partices to the lateral particle outlet 27 which communicates with the top ofthe collection container 29.
  • the particle discharge slots 15b at the lower end of the rotor shell in the centrifuge action keeps the bottom of the rotor clear and in this connection, the inturned flanges 15e restrict turbulence and recirculation currents.
  • an embodiment of my invention utilizing a rotor of approximately six inch diameter and densely perforated at its cylindrical shell with apertures or passages approximating ?y of an inch in diameter, demonstrated an efficiency in excess of 99.99% in the separation of air fromdust particles entrained thereby.
  • FIG. 4 a somewhat different embodiment of my improved sealing medium is employed in a system or apparatus wherein air circulation through the rotor and cas* ing is set up by forced circulation rather than by partial vacuum.
  • Fig. 4 the apparatus is diagrammatically illustrated, the parts of the rotor, the rotor housing, the intake passage and air withdrawal tube being substantially identical in structure with the form first described and therefore, being identified by like numerals in Fig. 4.
  • Air or other gaseous medium containing dust or entrained particles of other foreign material is drawn as shown, through a relatively large tube T into the intake of a power blower B and is discharged by that blower tangentially of the casing through a somewhat smaller conduit C into the top cap 14 constituting the intake for the housing l1 of my air separating machine.
  • the rotor l5 of the general structure shown in Fig. l and mounted on rotor shaft lf2 is axially mounted within housing 11i and has affixed thereto the open ended air withdrawal tube 2t! which passes through a sealing chamber 33 generally similar in construction to the sealing chamber 23 of Fig. l and as shown, formed in a cylindrical base member 24 which is secured to the bottom closure 13 of housing lll.
  • a pressure is set up with-- in housing lil and the interior of the rotor slightly in excess of the atmospheric pressure surrounding the housing or casing.
  • the annular sealing passage 33 is closed as shown with the exception of a radial port or passage 33a which is threadedly or otherwise connected with a relatively small conduit 34 having a valve 34a therein, such conduit 34 communicating with the interior of the tube T to cause induction of a flow in the direction illustrated by the arrows under the effect of partial vacuum set up by the axial portion of the blower rotor.
  • any leakage of air from the air discharge passage communicating with the lower open end of tube 2d is directed upwardly as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4, excluding passage of particle-laden air from the air discharge passage, since upward escape of very small amounts of air is also effected by the partial vacuum impressed upon the withdrawal tube 34.
  • the air or other gaseous medium which may contain a small percentage of fine particles is transmitted into the entering air stream of the apparatus which passes into the in let of blower E from the enlarged tube T.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US229030A 1951-05-31 1951-05-31 Centrifugal air separator for removal of particles Expired - Lifetime US2709500A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US229030A US2709500A (en) 1951-05-31 1951-05-31 Centrifugal air separator for removal of particles
GB10682/52A GB720041A (en) 1951-05-31 1952-04-28 Improvements in and relating to centrifuge apparatus
FR1061901D FR1061901A (fr) 1951-05-31 1952-05-02 Séparateur centrifuge
CH308882D CH308882A (fr) 1951-05-31 1952-05-06 Séparateur centrifuge.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US229030A US2709500A (en) 1951-05-31 1951-05-31 Centrifugal air separator for removal of particles

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US (1) US2709500A (fr)
CH (1) CH308882A (fr)
FR (1) FR1061901A (fr)
GB (1) GB720041A (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2850113A (en) * 1955-07-11 1958-09-02 Koppers Co Inc Air filter
US2876862A (en) * 1955-10-03 1959-03-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Dust separator
US2886127A (en) * 1956-02-14 1959-05-12 Martin Parry Corp Vacuum cleaner construction
US2895564A (en) * 1956-10-25 1959-07-21 Gen Electric Dirt compactor unit for vacuum cleaning systems
US3008543A (en) * 1958-04-15 1961-11-14 Bourdale Lucien Filtering centrifugal separators
US3092723A (en) * 1958-09-24 1963-06-04 Sharples Corp Detection, metering and/or analysis of radioactive particles
US4755300A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-07-05 Haemonetics Corporation Couette membrane filtration apparatus for separating suspended components in a fluid medium using high shear
US4808307A (en) * 1985-12-23 1989-02-28 Haemonetics Corporation Couette membrane filtration apparatus for separating suspended components in a fluid medium using high shear
US5034135A (en) * 1982-12-13 1991-07-23 William F. McLaughlin Blood fractionation system and method
WO1994012290A1 (fr) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-09 Sinvent A/S Rotor pour separateurs a air mecaniques
US20020167875A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-14 Jia-Shing Sheu Optical disk drive with adaptive compensator
US20030146154A1 (en) * 2002-02-02 2003-08-07 Julie Moriarty Shear-enhanced system and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood
US20030233939A1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-25 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Method of cleaning crankcase gas and a gas cleaning separator
US20100108606A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis
US20100313751A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-12-16 H R D Corporation Apparatus and method for gas separation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5232178A (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-03-11 Taisei Corp Dust collector of rotary type

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US360129A (en) * 1887-03-29 Dust-collector
US602964A (en) * 1898-04-26 van gelder
DE410864C (de) * 1922-01-27 1925-03-23 Maschb Anstalt Humboldt Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Gemischen fester, fluessiger und gasfoermiger Stoffe
GB235301A (en) * 1924-03-11 1925-06-11 Thomas William Stainer Hutchin Improvements relating to the extraction of dust or solid particles from gases
FR620108A (fr) * 1926-08-11 1927-04-15 Entpr Et D Expl Ateliers D Arl épurateur centrifuge
US1649220A (en) * 1924-12-06 1927-11-15 Midwest Steel & Supply Co Inc Dust separator
US2244165A (en) * 1939-05-25 1941-06-03 Hoover Co Suction cleaner
US2425410A (en) * 1945-02-03 1947-08-12 Zeitlin Alexander Oil separator
US2484491A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-10-11 William J Daugherty Movable filter type suction cleaner
US2546558A (en) * 1949-08-22 1951-03-27 Frank N Niederkorn Dust collector
US2569567A (en) * 1948-09-04 1951-10-02 Arthur H Korn Apparatus for separating dust from dust-laden air

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US360129A (en) * 1887-03-29 Dust-collector
US602964A (en) * 1898-04-26 van gelder
DE410864C (de) * 1922-01-27 1925-03-23 Maschb Anstalt Humboldt Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Gemischen fester, fluessiger und gasfoermiger Stoffe
GB235301A (en) * 1924-03-11 1925-06-11 Thomas William Stainer Hutchin Improvements relating to the extraction of dust or solid particles from gases
US1649220A (en) * 1924-12-06 1927-11-15 Midwest Steel & Supply Co Inc Dust separator
FR620108A (fr) * 1926-08-11 1927-04-15 Entpr Et D Expl Ateliers D Arl épurateur centrifuge
US2244165A (en) * 1939-05-25 1941-06-03 Hoover Co Suction cleaner
US2425410A (en) * 1945-02-03 1947-08-12 Zeitlin Alexander Oil separator
US2484491A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-10-11 William J Daugherty Movable filter type suction cleaner
US2569567A (en) * 1948-09-04 1951-10-02 Arthur H Korn Apparatus for separating dust from dust-laden air
US2546558A (en) * 1949-08-22 1951-03-27 Frank N Niederkorn Dust collector

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2850113A (en) * 1955-07-11 1958-09-02 Koppers Co Inc Air filter
US2876862A (en) * 1955-10-03 1959-03-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Dust separator
US2886127A (en) * 1956-02-14 1959-05-12 Martin Parry Corp Vacuum cleaner construction
US2895564A (en) * 1956-10-25 1959-07-21 Gen Electric Dirt compactor unit for vacuum cleaning systems
US3008543A (en) * 1958-04-15 1961-11-14 Bourdale Lucien Filtering centrifugal separators
US3092723A (en) * 1958-09-24 1963-06-04 Sharples Corp Detection, metering and/or analysis of radioactive particles
US5376263A (en) * 1982-12-13 1994-12-27 William F. McLaughlin Pump control apparatus for cellular filtration systems employing rotating microporous membranes
US5783085A (en) * 1982-12-13 1998-07-21 Estate Of William F. Mclaughlin Blood fractionation method
US5034135A (en) * 1982-12-13 1991-07-23 William F. McLaughlin Blood fractionation system and method
US5464534A (en) * 1982-12-13 1995-11-07 William F. McLaughlin Blood fractionation system and method
US4755300A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-07-05 Haemonetics Corporation Couette membrane filtration apparatus for separating suspended components in a fluid medium using high shear
US4808307A (en) * 1985-12-23 1989-02-28 Haemonetics Corporation Couette membrane filtration apparatus for separating suspended components in a fluid medium using high shear
WO1994012290A1 (fr) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-09 Sinvent A/S Rotor pour separateurs a air mecaniques
US5593043A (en) * 1992-12-01 1997-01-14 Sinvent A/S Rotor for mechanical air classifiers
US20020167875A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-14 Jia-Shing Sheu Optical disk drive with adaptive compensator
US20030146154A1 (en) * 2002-02-02 2003-08-07 Julie Moriarty Shear-enhanced system and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood
US6863821B2 (en) 2002-02-02 2005-03-08 Baxter International Inc. Shear-enhanced systems and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood
US20060278581A1 (en) * 2002-02-02 2006-12-14 Julie Moriarty Shear-Enhanced Systems And Methods For Removing Waste Materials And Liquid From The Blood
US7182867B2 (en) 2002-02-02 2007-02-27 Baxter International Inc. Shear-enhanced systems and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood
US20070181500A1 (en) * 2002-02-02 2007-08-09 Julie Moriarty Shear-Enhanced Systems and Methods for Removing Waste Materials and Liquid from the Blood
US7494591B2 (en) 2002-02-02 2009-02-24 Baxter International Inc. Shear-enhanced systems and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood
US20030233939A1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-25 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Method of cleaning crankcase gas and a gas cleaning separator
US6755896B2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2004-06-29 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Method of cleaning crankcase gas and a gas cleaning separator
US20100108606A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis
US8961789B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2015-02-24 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis
US9757504B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2017-09-12 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis
US20100313751A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-12-16 H R D Corporation Apparatus and method for gas separation
US8277540B2 (en) * 2009-02-20 2012-10-02 H R D Corporation Apparatus and method for gas separation
US20130167722A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2013-07-04 H R D Corporation Apparatus and method for gas separation
US8734566B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2014-05-27 H R D Corporation Apparatus and method for gas separation
US9108148B2 (en) * 2009-02-20 2015-08-18 H R D Corporation Apparatus and method for gas separation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH308882A (fr) 1955-08-15
FR1061901A (fr) 1954-04-16
GB720041A (en) 1954-12-08

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