US2730648A - Travelling-wave tube - Google Patents

Travelling-wave tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2730648A
US2730648A US139318A US13931850A US2730648A US 2730648 A US2730648 A US 2730648A US 139318 A US139318 A US 139318A US 13931850 A US13931850 A US 13931850A US 2730648 A US2730648 A US 2730648A
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Prior art keywords
retardation line
retardation
line
input end
output end
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Expired - Lifetime
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US139318A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lerbs Alfred
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • My invention relatesto travellingwave tubes provided with a transverse magnetic iield, and its object is to obtain simultaneouslya high eiciency and a high amplification in 'such tubes.
  • a tube of the type in question has a retardation line, of the shape of a helix for example, which is raised to a positive potential with respect to another electrode extending in a parallel direction.
  • An electron beam emitted by a cathode is introduced into theY space Vbetween these two electrodes at a speed which is substantially equal to the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in the retardation line, and a magnetic field is applied transversely to the directions of the beam: and the electrostatic ield.
  • the magnetic iield is constant all along the retardation line, and the distance between the two electrodes is also constant.
  • this ratio can be varied either by increasing B or by increasing d, or by combining the variations of both these factors in a suitable manner. Consequently, in accordance with the present invention, it is essential that the product of the intensity of the mag netic iield B and of the distance between the conductor and the retardation line, i. e. the distance d, increases from the input end to the output end of the retardation line, whereby the tube has a high gain in the rst part of the propagation space adjacent to the input end and a high eiiiciency in the second part of the propagation space reaching to the output end of the tube.
  • Figs. la and lb show an example of the application of the principle of the invention to a tube of straight shape, the application of said principle being effected by varying the magnetic induction;
  • Figs. 2a and 2b show an example of application to the same shape of tube by varying the distance between the electrodes
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of application to a tube of circular shape, also by'varying the distance between the electrodes.
  • Fig. 1a shows a transverse section and Fig. 1b a sec tional plan view of a iirst exampleof a tube to which the invention is applied.
  • H denotes the retardation line, for example of helical shape, provided with an input end Eand an output end O'which are coupled to the coaxial lines L.
  • Z denotes the electrode which is parallel to H and which is raised to a negative potential with respect to the retardation line.
  • K denotes the cathode and C theusual collector of the tube.
  • the magnetic iield B increases along the retardation line in the direction ofthe beam, by giving to the poles N and S, as shown in Fig. lb, a shape which slopes towards the tube as the beam moves forwards.
  • the helix H is given a pitch that progressively decreases in the direction of the beam, in order to decrease the speed ofthe wave as the speed of the beam decreases.
  • the curve a represents the trajectory of an electron under static conditions and the curve b the trajectory of an electron of favorable phase, under dynamic conditions, which transfers energy to the high-frequency lield.
  • Figs. 2a and 2b show similar sections to Figs. la and lb and in which the same reference letters denote identical members
  • the poles N and S as shown in Fig. 2lb
  • the electrode Z is no longer parallel to H but, as shown in Fig. 2a, gradually becomes more remote therefrom in the direction of the beam.
  • the curve b shows that the same eiect is obtained as in Fig. la, the curve a only differing from the corresponding curve of Fig. la by the invariable amplitude of the cycloid.
  • the electrons In order to obtain a high efficiency, the electrons must only reach ythe retardation line at a point which is as remote as possible from the input end, since in that case BCT and the eiiiciency have higher values. In order to prevent the retardation line from collecting too great a quantity of electrons, which would lead to heat losses,
  • the system must be so dimensioned that the electrons almost touch the retardation line near the output end and are collected after the output passage by a collector which can be readily cooled. This dimensioning can be easily eiected in combination with the means proposed by the invention.
  • ⁇ The invention can also be applied to a tube of circular shape.
  • the solution involving a variable distance with a constant field is more favorable, since the production of a magnetic field that increases from the input end to the output end is rather ditlicult to obtain for the circular shape.
  • Fig. 3 which uses the same reference letters as the previous figures, relates to this case. This figure does not require further explanation, since it only shows as a whole a travelling-wave tube ot' known circular shape provided with a transverse magnetic field, except that the inner electrode Z is bent into a spiral so as to become gradually more remote from the helix as the wave is propagated through the retardation line.
  • the invention is capable of being subjected to many modifications which do not alter its principle.
  • the two solutions variable field and variable distance
  • the angle of inclination of the profile of the poles and the shape of said profile could be made suitable for correcting .the distribution of the field and reducing it to any desired law.
  • the principle of the invention does not depend on the shape of the tube or on the construction of the retardation line.
  • a travelling wave tube arrangement in combination, an electron source emitting an electron beam along a predetermined path; a collector of electrons arranged spaced from said electron source in the path of said electron beam; a retardation line having an input end arranged in the region of said electron source and an output end arranged in the region of said collector of electrons, said retardation line extending along said predetermined path ot' said electron beam; means connected to said input end of said retardation line for exciting an electromagnetic wave therein; means connected to said output end of said retardation line for collecting the energy amplified by the electron beam; a conductor extending between said source and said collector and being spaced apart from said retardation line a distance of a predetermined magnitude so as to define therewith a space for the propagation of the electron beam emitted by said source; means for applying an electrostatic field between said retardation line and 'said conductor; and means for establishing a magnetic field having an intensity of predetermined magnitude in the space between said retardation line and said conductor at right angles to
  • an electron source emitting an electron beam along a predetermined path; a collector of electrons arranged spaced from said electron source in the path ofsaid electron beam; a retardation line having an input end arranged in the region of said electron source and an output end arranged in the region of said collector of electrons, said retardation line extending along said predetermined path of said electron beam; means connected to said input end of said retardation line for exciting an electromagnetic wave therein; means connected to said output end of said retardation line for collecting the energy amplified by the electron beam; a conductor extending between said source and said collector and being spaced apart from said retardation line so as to limit therewith a space for the propagation of the electron beam emitted by said source; means for applying an electric tield between said retardation line and said conductor; and means for establishing in the space between said retardation line and said conductor and at right angles to, the electric field and to the electron beam, a magnetic tield the magnitude of which gradually increases from said input end to
  • an electron source emitting an electron beam along a predetermined path; a collector of electrons arranged spaced from said electron source in the path of said electron beam; a retardation line having an input end arranged in the region of said collector of electrons, said retardation line extending along said predetermined path of said electron beam; means connected to said input end of said retardation line for exciting an electromagnetic wave therein; means connected to said output end of said retardation line for collecting the energy amplified by the electron beam; a conductor extending between said source and said collector and being spaced apart from said retardation line a constant distance so as to limit therewith a space for the propagation of the electron beam emitted by said source; means for applying an electric field between said retardation line and said conductor; and means for establishing in the space hetween said retardation line and said conductor and at right angles to the electric iield and to the electron beam, a magnetic field the magnitude of which gradually in'- creases from said input end to said output end
  • an electron source emitting an electron beam along a predetermined path; a collector of electrons arranged spaced from said electron source in the bath of said elec tron beam; a retardation line having an input end arranged in the region of said electron source and an output end arranged in the region of said collector of electrons, said retardation line extending along said predetermined path of said electron beam; means connected to said input end of said retardation line for exciting an electromag netic wave therein; means connected to said output end of said retardation line for collecting the energy amplified by the electron beam; a conductor extending along suhstantially the entire length of said retardation line and spaced therefrom a distance gradually increasing from the input end to the output end of said retardation line,
  • Vsaid conductor defining with said retardation line suba predetermined path; a collector of electrons arranged spaced from said electron source in the path of said electron beam; a retardation line having an input end arranged in the region of said electron source and an output end arranged in the region of said collector of electrons, said retardation line extending along said-predetermined path of said electron beam; means connected to said input end of said retardation line for exciting an electrof magnetic wave therein; means connected to said output end of said retardation line for collecting the energy amplifed by the electron beam; a conductor extending between said source and said collector and located along said retardation line spaced therefrom a distance gradually increasing from the input end to the output end of said retardation line, so as to limit with said retardation line a space for the propagation of the electron beam emitted by said source; means for applying an electric lield between said retardation line and said conductor; and means for establishing in the space between said retardation line and said conductor and at right angles to the electric field and to the electron beam,
  • said means for establishing a magnetic field including two pole pieces arranged on opposite sides of said retardation line and forming between themselves a gap the Width of which gradually decreases from said input end to said output end of said retardation line.
  • said retardation line consisting of a helix the pitch of which gradually decreases from said input end to said output end of said retardation line.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US139318A 1949-02-04 1950-01-18 Travelling-wave tube Expired - Lifetime US2730648A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR853016X 1949-02-04

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US (1) US2730648A (fr)
DE (1) DE853016C (fr)
FR (1) FR984020A (fr)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2825841A (en) * 1953-02-26 1958-03-04 Csf Travelling wave tubes
US2869023A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-01-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Microwave amplifier tube
US2880353A (en) * 1953-02-23 1959-03-31 Csf Particle accelerator
US2880356A (en) * 1953-02-23 1959-03-31 Csf Linear accelerator for charged particles
US2888610A (en) * 1953-12-16 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US2890372A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave amplifiers
US2903578A (en) * 1952-10-21 1959-09-08 Nat Res Dev Travelling wave linear particle accelerators
US2925519A (en) * 1954-08-26 1960-02-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2942144A (en) * 1957-02-12 1960-06-21 Sylvania Electric Prod Wave generator
US2942142A (en) * 1957-08-30 1960-06-21 Raytheon Co Traveling wave oscillator tubes
US2948828A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube interaction circuit
US2971121A (en) * 1951-11-08 1961-02-07 Raytheon Co Magnetron amplifiers
US2982879A (en) * 1956-04-25 1961-05-02 Csf Travelling wave tube
US3084278A (en) * 1959-12-18 1963-04-02 Raytheon Co Electron discharge devices
DE1193175B (de) * 1959-06-22 1965-05-20 Gen Electric Magnetronverstaerkerroehre der Radbauart
US3221267A (en) * 1957-11-29 1965-11-30 Raytheon Co Method for increasing efficiency of backward wave oscillator tubes
US3249792A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-05-03 Varian Associates Traveling wave tube with fast wave interaction means
US3283201A (en) * 1962-01-11 1966-11-01 M O Valve Co Ltd Electrostatically focused travelling wave tubes with slow wave structure between two focusing electrodes and aparallel to one electrode
US3387167A (en) * 1964-11-06 1968-06-04 Varian Associates Linear beam microwave tube having pole caps providing a tapered magnetic field along the beam axis

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027487A (en) * 1953-09-24 1962-03-27 Raytheon Co Electron discharge devices of the traveling wave type
GB767190A (en) * 1953-11-17 1957-01-30 Mullard Radio Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to travelling wave tubes
FR2544127B1 (fr) * 1983-04-06 1985-12-13 Thomson Csf Canon a electrons pour generateurs d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequences

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2241976A (en) * 1940-04-25 1941-05-13 Gen Electric High frequency apparatus
US2409992A (en) * 1941-04-12 1946-10-22 Howard M Strobel Traveling wave coupler
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2516944A (en) * 1947-12-18 1950-08-01 Philco Corp Impedance-matching device
US2531972A (en) * 1949-02-12 1950-11-28 Csf Ultra short wave transmitting tube
US2617961A (en) * 1947-01-08 1952-11-11 Cie General De T S F Electron tube for very high frequencies

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2241976A (en) * 1940-04-25 1941-05-13 Gen Electric High frequency apparatus
US2409992A (en) * 1941-04-12 1946-10-22 Howard M Strobel Traveling wave coupler
US2617961A (en) * 1947-01-08 1952-11-11 Cie General De T S F Electron tube for very high frequencies
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2516944A (en) * 1947-12-18 1950-08-01 Philco Corp Impedance-matching device
US2531972A (en) * 1949-02-12 1950-11-28 Csf Ultra short wave transmitting tube

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2971121A (en) * 1951-11-08 1961-02-07 Raytheon Co Magnetron amplifiers
US2903578A (en) * 1952-10-21 1959-09-08 Nat Res Dev Travelling wave linear particle accelerators
US2880353A (en) * 1953-02-23 1959-03-31 Csf Particle accelerator
US2880356A (en) * 1953-02-23 1959-03-31 Csf Linear accelerator for charged particles
US2825841A (en) * 1953-02-26 1958-03-04 Csf Travelling wave tubes
US2888610A (en) * 1953-12-16 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US2925519A (en) * 1954-08-26 1960-02-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2869023A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-01-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Microwave amplifier tube
US2890372A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave amplifiers
US2982879A (en) * 1956-04-25 1961-05-02 Csf Travelling wave tube
US2948828A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube interaction circuit
US2942144A (en) * 1957-02-12 1960-06-21 Sylvania Electric Prod Wave generator
US2942142A (en) * 1957-08-30 1960-06-21 Raytheon Co Traveling wave oscillator tubes
US3221267A (en) * 1957-11-29 1965-11-30 Raytheon Co Method for increasing efficiency of backward wave oscillator tubes
DE1193175B (de) * 1959-06-22 1965-05-20 Gen Electric Magnetronverstaerkerroehre der Radbauart
US3084278A (en) * 1959-12-18 1963-04-02 Raytheon Co Electron discharge devices
US3249792A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-05-03 Varian Associates Traveling wave tube with fast wave interaction means
US3283201A (en) * 1962-01-11 1966-11-01 M O Valve Co Ltd Electrostatically focused travelling wave tubes with slow wave structure between two focusing electrodes and aparallel to one electrode
US3387167A (en) * 1964-11-06 1968-06-04 Varian Associates Linear beam microwave tube having pole caps providing a tapered magnetic field along the beam axis

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR984020A (fr) 1951-07-02
DE853016C (de) 1952-10-20

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