US2762045A - Antenna feed system - Google Patents

Antenna feed system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2762045A
US2762045A US313636A US31363652A US2762045A US 2762045 A US2762045 A US 2762045A US 313636 A US313636 A US 313636A US 31363652 A US31363652 A US 31363652A US 2762045 A US2762045 A US 2762045A
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United States
Prior art keywords
feed
energy
conductor
impedance
coaxial
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Expired - Lifetime
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US313636A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stavis Gus
James S Engel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Telephone and Telegraph Corp
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Internat Telephone And Telepho
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Publication date
Application filed by Internat Telephone And Telepho filed Critical Internat Telephone And Telepho
Priority to US313636A priority Critical patent/US2762045A/en
Priority to DEI7776A priority patent/DE960292C/de
Priority to CH317719D priority patent/CH317719A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2762045A publication Critical patent/US2762045A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an antenna feed system and more particularly to a series coaxial line feed for a vertical antenna array.
  • a vertical array comprising a stack of dipoles, disc cones, or biconical radiators. Assuming each of the radiating elements has an equal impedance, it is desirable that each of the elements in the vertical array be fed with equal currents in phase.
  • the difference in the lengths of line necessary to couple the first or topmost radiating element and the last or bottom element to the source of energy has caused such vertically stacked arrays to be highly frequency sensitive, i. e. the radiation from the topmost element would be altered in phase with respect to that from the lower elements as frequency is changed due to the longer length of feed line necessary to couple the energy to the topmost antenna. It has also been found desirable to feed such an antenna system without having the transmission line lie in the radiation field of the antenna system in order to prevent unwanted distortions of the antenna'pattern.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide means for feeding an antenna system comprising a vertical stack of radiating elements in such a manner that each antenna carries the same current with the same phase over a substantially. broad band of frequencies.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide means for feeding in series from a coaxial transmission line an antenna system having a vertical array of dipoles with a transmission line which lies wholly within the radiating surfaces.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide means for feeding a broad band antenna system having a vertical array of radiating elements which is substantially independent of the physical spacing between radiating elements.
  • a feature of this invention is the use of a concentric coaxial cable wherein breaks in the outer conductor are used as feed points or the points across which the dipoles receive their energy.
  • the energy divides into two parts, the path of one part being the continuation of the coaxial line upward and the pathof the other being formed by the outer surface of the outer conductor of the lower feed line and the inner surface of the larger diameter feeding the lower antennas.
  • Fig. l is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment of the series coaxial antenna feed system of this invention forvuse with a simple form of vertical antenna array having two biconical dipole radiators;
  • Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna system shown in Fig. 1-; 1 Y
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment of the series coaxial antenna feed system of this invention for use with a vertical array radiation elements;
  • Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna system shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is the equivalent circuit diagram of an antenna array shown in Fig. 3 in which means for matching the impedance of said array to a transmission line is provided.
  • a series coaxial feed in accordance with the principles of this invention is shown for use with an antenna system wherein two biconical radiators are to be'fed.
  • the antenna system comprises a vertical stacked array of radiating elements 2 and 3 shown in the form of biconical dipole elements.
  • the energy input is coupled to a coaxial feed line 4 having an outer conductor 4a and an inner conductor 4b wherein a break 40 in the outer conductor 4a is used as a feed point or the point across which dipoles 2 and 3 receive their energy.
  • the outer conductor 4a of the coaxial feed line 4 is broken at 40 so that the energy divides into two parts.
  • Fig. 2 wherein the equivalent circuit diagram for the antenna system illustrated in Fig. 1 is shown, it may be assumed for simplifying this description that the impedances of the dipoles are equal to the characteristic impedance of the cable which connects point A (center of biconical radiating element 2) with point B (center of antenna system 1).
  • point A center of biconical radiating element 2
  • point B center of antenna system 1
  • this feed system may be termed a series feed.
  • a series ca-xial 'feed system anditszequividenticirciiit diagram is shown for use with an antenna -.a-rray having leight biconical dipole radiating elements.
  • .A source Of-611.61g is coupled to coaxial feed line 7 comprising an outer ⁇ conduct-or 7a and an inner conductor 7b.
  • the outer conductor 7a is broken at the electrical center 21 'of the .antenna array 6.
  • one quarter 'of :the original inputenergy flows downward .throngha new coaxial cable composed of the outersurfaceof conductor ssacting as .the inner conductor and skirt v1 1 which acts as the outer conductor for the new coaxial feed line.
  • the conductor 10 is broken at point 27 whichis halfway between point 25 and the top of antennaarray .8 sothat'one half the energy flowing along conductor 10 .continue'slto'flow up and feed biconical elements '3 and one-halfthe energy of conductor 10 flows downward through new coaxial feed lines composed of conductor 10.acting as thei-nner conductor and skirt 12 which acts as the outer conductor.
  • each of the radiating elements 13 through 20 is coupled to oneeighth of the original signal energy input.
  • the equivalent points of Fig. 3 have been designated by the same reference characters plus a prime. .
  • the currents on each of the radiating elements will not only be equal but will also be in phase.
  • the impedance looking into the antenna array is equal to eight times the impedance of any single radiating element.
  • an eight-element antenna array is shown wherein by a judicious choice of matching section impedances the total impedance of the antenna array is made equal to the impedance of a single biconical radiator. Assuming for purposes of explanation that each biconical element has a nominal impedance of '50 ohms and it is desirable to match a 50 ohm cable, then the choice of matching section impedances for each section of line is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the 50.ohm impedance of the radiator can be transformed down to ohms by making the surge impedance ofthe quarter wavelength of line equal to ohms. l husat any feed point or gap there are two dipoles in series effectively, and if the impedance looking into-each dipole section is 25 ohms, that brings the total series impedance at the feed pointback to ohms.
  • this section of line is 50 ohms for'three-quarters of a wavelength and'the total length of this section is equal to a fullwavelength with its lastquarter wavelengthhaving an impedance of 35 ohms.
  • it is equal to 25 ohms.
  • An antenna array comprising a plurality of radiation elements disposed in axial alignment, a-source of input energy, a-first coaxial feed line to couple said energy to said antenna array having an inner conductorand an outer conductor having a gap therein to provide a'first feed point symmetrically located with respect to the radiation elements to befed, a hollow conductor skirt concentric with said outer conductor extending from a position adjacent to said gap to a, second feed point to provide a second coaxial feed line tocouple a portion of said energy to a portion of said elements, and outereonductor means extending from a position adjacent to .said gap in a direction opposite to said skirt to a third feed point to provide a third coaxial'feed line to couple the remaining energy to the remaining elements.
  • An antenna array feed system to couple equal amounts of energy in phase to a plurality of radiation elements of equal impedance disposed in axial alignment comprising a first coaxial feed line having an inner conductor and an outer conductor and a gap therein to provide a first feed point located half-Way between the uppermost and lowermost radiation elements, a hollow conductive skirt concentric with said outer conductor extending from a position adjacent said gap to a second feed point providing a second coaxial feed line to couple one-half of said energy to one-half of said radiating elements, and outer conductor means extending from a position adjacent said gap in a direction opposite the said hollow conductor to a third feed point to provide a third coaxial feed line to couple the remaining one-half energy to the remaining one-half of said radiating elements.
  • each of said coaxial feed lines are disposed internally of and coaxial to at least a portion of said radiators whereby the antenna pattern of said radiating elements is not disturbed by said feed line.
  • a broad band antenna array comprising a plurality of half wave resonant radiation elements disposed in axial alignment, a source of energy to be coupled to said elements, a first coaxial feed line having an inner conductor and an outer conductor having a gap therein to provide a first feed point symmetrically located with respect to the elements to be fed across which said energy is divided, a hollow conductor skirt concentric with said outer conductor extending from a position adjacent to said gap to a second feed point located at a point symmetrically situated with respect to one-half of the radiation elements to provide a second coaxial feed line to couple one-half of the input energy to said one-half of the radiation elements, outer conductor means extending 'from a position adjacent said gap in a direction opposite the said hollow conductor to a third feed point symmetrically located with respect to the other half of the said radiation elements to provide a third coaxial feed line to couple the remaining portion of said divided energy to the said other half of the radiation elements said energy being divided such that the voltage at said first feed point is equal to the
  • An antenna array feed system to couple equal amounts of energy in phase to a plurality of radiation elements of equal impedance disposed in axial alignment comprising a first coaxial feed line having an inner conductor and an outer conductor and a gap therein to provide a first feed point located half-way between the uppermost and lowermost radiation elements, a hollow conductive skirt concentric with said outer conductor extending from a position adjacent said gap to a second feed point providing a second coaxial feed line to couple onehalf of said energy to a portion of said elements, outer conductor means extending from a position adjacent said gap in a direction opposite the said hollow conductor to a third feed point to provide a third coaxial fced'line to couple the remaining one-half energy to the remaining elements, and a plurality of matching section impedances to transform the input impedance of the feed lines to any two adjacent elements to the impedance of a single element.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US313636A 1952-10-08 1952-10-08 Antenna feed system Expired - Lifetime US2762045A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US313636A US2762045A (en) 1952-10-08 1952-10-08 Antenna feed system
DEI7776A DE960292C (de) 1952-10-08 1953-10-08 Anordnung zur Speisung mehrerer Strahlerelemente einer Antenne
CH317719D CH317719A (de) 1952-10-08 1953-10-08 Speiseanlage für eine Antennenanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US313636A US2762045A (en) 1952-10-08 1952-10-08 Antenna feed system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2762045A true US2762045A (en) 1956-09-04

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ID=23216494

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US313636A Expired - Lifetime US2762045A (en) 1952-10-08 1952-10-08 Antenna feed system

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US2762045A (de)
CH (1) CH317719A (de)
DE (1) DE960292C (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2860339A (en) * 1953-02-11 1958-11-11 Itt Ultra-high frequency antenna unit
US2973515A (en) * 1957-04-05 1961-02-28 Alford Andrew Omnidirectional vertically polarized antenna
US2986736A (en) * 1956-06-26 1961-05-30 Rines Robert Harvey Radio-frequency-energy transmission-line system and antenna
FR2050408A1 (de) * 1969-07-01 1971-04-02 Rca Corp
US4477812A (en) * 1981-05-29 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Signal acquisition and tracking system
US20050093756A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-05-05 Martek Gary A. Wide band biconical antennas with an integrated matching system
US7583236B1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-09-01 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Wideband communication antenna systems with low angle multipath suppression
US9608323B1 (en) 2013-10-22 2017-03-28 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Omni-directional antenna with extended frequency range
US12482955B1 (en) 2022-11-07 2025-11-25 First Rf Corporation Integrated antenna system with corporate feed network and antenna array

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2199375A (en) * 1938-10-15 1940-04-30 Rca Corp Antenna
US2486597A (en) * 1946-03-30 1949-11-01 Workshop Associates Inc Antenna
US2507225A (en) * 1946-04-11 1950-05-09 Gen Electric Wide band antenna structure
US2660674A (en) * 1948-10-14 1953-11-24 Rca Corp Slotted antenna system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT113125B (de) * 1927-03-17 1929-05-10 Telefunken Gmbh Hochfrequenzenergieleitung zur Speisung mehrerer Antennen von einem Sender bzw. eines Empfängers von mehreren Antennen.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2199375A (en) * 1938-10-15 1940-04-30 Rca Corp Antenna
US2486597A (en) * 1946-03-30 1949-11-01 Workshop Associates Inc Antenna
US2507225A (en) * 1946-04-11 1950-05-09 Gen Electric Wide band antenna structure
US2660674A (en) * 1948-10-14 1953-11-24 Rca Corp Slotted antenna system

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2860339A (en) * 1953-02-11 1958-11-11 Itt Ultra-high frequency antenna unit
US2986736A (en) * 1956-06-26 1961-05-30 Rines Robert Harvey Radio-frequency-energy transmission-line system and antenna
US2973515A (en) * 1957-04-05 1961-02-28 Alford Andrew Omnidirectional vertically polarized antenna
FR2050408A1 (de) * 1969-07-01 1971-04-02 Rca Corp
US4477812A (en) * 1981-05-29 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Signal acquisition and tracking system
US20050093756A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-05-05 Martek Gary A. Wide band biconical antennas with an integrated matching system
US7142166B2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2006-11-28 Shakespeare Company, Llc Wide band biconical antennas with an integrated matching system
US7583236B1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-09-01 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Wideband communication antenna systems with low angle multipath suppression
US9608323B1 (en) 2013-10-22 2017-03-28 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Omni-directional antenna with extended frequency range
US12482955B1 (en) 2022-11-07 2025-11-25 First Rf Corporation Integrated antenna system with corporate feed network and antenna array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE960292C (de) 1957-03-21
CH317719A (de) 1956-11-30

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