US2773281A - Method and apparatus for spinning high strength silk from cuprammonium cellulose solutions - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for spinning high strength silk from cuprammonium cellulose solutions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2773281A
US2773281A US347208A US34720853A US2773281A US 2773281 A US2773281 A US 2773281A US 347208 A US347208 A US 347208A US 34720853 A US34720853 A US 34720853A US 2773281 A US2773281 A US 2773281A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
bath
filament
spinning
high strength
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Expired - Lifetime
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US347208A
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English (en)
Inventor
Viktor Elsaesser
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JP Bemberg AG
Bemberg AG
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Bemberg AG
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Publication date
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Priority to US347208A priority Critical patent/US2773281A/en
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Publication of US2773281A publication Critical patent/US2773281A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/14—Stretch-spinning methods with flowing liquid or gaseous stretching media, e.g. solution-blowing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to artificial silk manufacture, and more particularly to the manufacture of high strength silk from a cuprammonium cellulose solution.
  • the textile characteristics of a textile filament, and particularly its strength and elongation are closely interrelated to the arrangement of the molecular or micellar structural elements thereof. With filaments of regenerated cellulose, this arrangement is essentially determined by the spinning method.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide a method of manufacturing from a cuprammonium cellulose solution silk of particularly high strength.
  • the tensile stress on the capillary filament required for satisfactory orientation purposes, must attack in a particular region of the state of coagulation, the experimentally determined optimum state defined by a viscosity of the filament mass of from about 50,000 to about 60,000 poise.
  • the first condition noted above renders it necessary to maintain the relative velocity between the filament and the spinning bath, at a very low value.
  • the filament mass has the requisite viscosity.
  • the tensile stress involved in the second condition noted above for all practical purposes can be produced only by a system of deflecting rodsWhich system, however, must be disposed in a comparatively large vessel wherein the spinning bath can have only a very low velocity-the necessary low relative velocity between filament and spinning bath can be obtained only by the use of a low spinning velocity.
  • the value of the spinning velocity is determined by the requirement that the stress on the capillary filament due to friction must not exceed 50 dyu./cm. since with greater stresses, the surface of the filament is injured perceptibly.
  • the third condition noted above calls for a slow stretching procedure which is taken care of, chiefly, by keeping the drawing-off speed low, for radiographic investigations have demonstrated that the orientation of the lamellar micelles is the more enhanced, in the plane of the lamellae as well as in the direction of the axis of the micelles, the more slowly stretching takes place. Besides, this mechanism is increasingly facilitated the higher is the degree of stretching, i. e. the ratio of the filament sections before and after stretching, respectively.
  • the capillary filaments emerge, in form of a solution, from the apertures of a shower type spinning nozzle 1 to enter a funnel 2 which for purposes of a preliminary test, was made 10 cm. long and which was supplied with precipitating liquid (water) of 15 C., at the rate of 3 to 5 cc. per second.
  • the filaments draw themselves out, until they reach the end of the funnel, to about twice their ultimate section (a phenomenon almost exclusively due to their overweight with respect to the spinning water), to arrive, at the end of the 3 funnel, at the optimum state.
  • the distance of the optimum state from the spinning nozzle is Since, however, in this case the filaments in the funnel are drawn out somewhat less than in a normal spinning procedure, the value for a obtained above must be increased by an amount appraised at about 30 percent. This means that the funnel must have a length of 12 cm.
  • the filaments have a velocity which equals half the drawing-oft velocity, i. e., 5 m./min.
  • the bottom opening of the funnel 2 dips into the surface the location of which is fixed by an overflow arrangement, of a precipitating bath contained in the vessel 3 and supplied to this vessel through an inlet 4 at a temperature such that after mixture with the cooler water flowing from the spinning nozzle 1, the water in the vessel 3 is maintained at a temperature of about 21 to 22 C.
  • a drawing-off velocity of 10 m./min. and a medium filament velocity of 7.5 m./min. or 1.3 cm./sec. the distance traveled by the filament mass to coagulate from the optimum state to the blue filament state, is 8 cm. and the time it takes the filament to traverse this distance, is 0.6 sec.
  • the stretching proper is effected by means of the defleeting rods 5 which are displaced with respect to one another so that the angles formed by the filaments about the rods become increasingly smaller as the filament proceeds from the top of the vessel 3 toward the bottom thereof whereby, because of the progress of coagulation, the forces also increase steadily.
  • the bundle of filaments enters the discharge pipe of the vessel 3 wherein the final coagulation of the filaments is completed.
  • the discharge section of this pipe must be provided very narrow (about 3 to 4 mm.) so that the volume of water discharged is limited in spite of its exposure to free pressure.
  • the filament On emerging from the discharge pipe the filament, as usual, is deflected by a rod to continue its travel horizontally whereupon it is acidified and passed on to the winding device.
  • filaments having a tensile strength of from about 400 to about 500 g./100 den. can be spun.
  • the method of producing filaments of .high tensile strength from cuprammonium cellulose solutions which comprises passing the filaments into a funnel shaped bath, allowing the filaments. to partially coagulate in said bath so that at the end of the bath the filaments have an opti mum viscosity of 50,000 to 60,000 poises, passing the filaments into a second bath, subjecting the filaments to the action of braking means for the filaments so as to increase the length of travel and uniformly apply stretching tension, and drawing oil the filaments at the end of the second bath at more than twice the speed of the filaments at optimum viscosity whereby the filaments have been stretched to less than half their section at the point of optimum viscosity, the length of filament path in said second bath and the drawing oft velocity being such that the time of filament passage from the point of optimum viscosity through the second bath is at least 0.6 second.
  • Spinning apparatus for producing high strength silk from a cuprammonium cellulose solution, comprising a shower type spinning nozzle, a funnel extending downwardly from said nozzle, a vessel receiving the lower end of said funnel and extending downwardly therefrom, means in the bottom of said vessel for supplying a liquid thereto, means near the top of said vessel to provide an overflow for said liquid whereby to control the surface of said liquidin relation to the end of said funnel, a discharge pipe in the bottom of said vessel having a narrow aperture, and a series of deflecting rods so arranged in said vessel that the included angles about said rods formed by a filament. passing across said rods, decrease steadily in downward direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US347208A 1952-03-15 1953-04-07 Method and apparatus for spinning high strength silk from cuprammonium cellulose solutions Expired - Lifetime US2773281A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US347208A US2773281A (en) 1952-03-15 1953-04-07 Method and apparatus for spinning high strength silk from cuprammonium cellulose solutions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE312129X 1952-03-15
US347208A US2773281A (en) 1952-03-15 1953-04-07 Method and apparatus for spinning high strength silk from cuprammonium cellulose solutions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2773281A true US2773281A (en) 1956-12-11

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Family Applications (1)

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US347208A Expired - Lifetime US2773281A (en) 1952-03-15 1953-04-07 Method and apparatus for spinning high strength silk from cuprammonium cellulose solutions

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2773281A (fr)
BE (1) BE518414A (fr)
CH (1) CH312129A (fr)
FR (1) FR1072949A (fr)
GB (1) GB741317A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3066007A (en) * 1955-07-11 1962-11-27 British Celanese Manufacture of artificial filamentary materials
US3077004A (en) * 1956-03-23 1963-02-12 Du Pont Filament drawing
US3234596A (en) * 1962-12-26 1966-02-15 Monsanto Co Apparatus for spinning special yarns

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1494841A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-05-20 Jr Martin Holken Manufacturing artificial silk threads
US1646788A (en) * 1924-02-15 1927-10-25 American Bemberg Corp Manufacture of artificial silk
GB347878A (en) * 1929-07-11 1931-05-07 Novaseta A G Arbon Improvements relating to the manufacture of artificial threads
US1828497A (en) * 1929-08-29 1931-10-20 American Bemberg Corp Spinning cuprammonium silk by the stretch process
FR738054A (fr) * 1932-05-30 1932-12-20 Procédé de fabrication de fils de soie régénérés
US2288982A (en) * 1939-04-03 1942-07-07 Shell Dev Production of extrusion products from diene hydrocarbons
US2348415A (en) * 1941-05-09 1944-05-09 American Enka Corp Manufacture of rayon

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1494841A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-05-20 Jr Martin Holken Manufacturing artificial silk threads
US1646788A (en) * 1924-02-15 1927-10-25 American Bemberg Corp Manufacture of artificial silk
GB347878A (en) * 1929-07-11 1931-05-07 Novaseta A G Arbon Improvements relating to the manufacture of artificial threads
US1828497A (en) * 1929-08-29 1931-10-20 American Bemberg Corp Spinning cuprammonium silk by the stretch process
FR738054A (fr) * 1932-05-30 1932-12-20 Procédé de fabrication de fils de soie régénérés
US2288982A (en) * 1939-04-03 1942-07-07 Shell Dev Production of extrusion products from diene hydrocarbons
US2348415A (en) * 1941-05-09 1944-05-09 American Enka Corp Manufacture of rayon

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3066007A (en) * 1955-07-11 1962-11-27 British Celanese Manufacture of artificial filamentary materials
US3077004A (en) * 1956-03-23 1963-02-12 Du Pont Filament drawing
US3234596A (en) * 1962-12-26 1966-02-15 Monsanto Co Apparatus for spinning special yarns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1072949A (fr) 1954-09-16
BE518414A (fr) 1955-02-18
CH312129A (de) 1955-12-31
GB741317A (en) 1955-11-30

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