US2781454A - Rotational therapy unit - Google Patents

Rotational therapy unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2781454A
US2781454A US395169A US39516953A US2781454A US 2781454 A US2781454 A US 2781454A US 395169 A US395169 A US 395169A US 39516953 A US39516953 A US 39516953A US 2781454 A US2781454 A US 2781454A
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United States
Prior art keywords
source
radiation
point
patient
arms
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Expired - Lifetime
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US395169A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald T Green
Carl B Braestrup
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Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd AECL
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Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd AECL
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
    • A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/01—Devices for producing movement of radiation source during therapy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/10—Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated

Definitions

  • the dosage delivered per unit volume will approximate 60% of that delivered near to the skin where the beamenters. Consequently the use of conventional stationary equipment will result in a higher concentration of radiation on the intervening healthy tissue than on the diseased volume to be treated. This is likely to cause severe burns and other undesirable effects.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a radiation therapy unit which is capable of concentrating a beam of radiation at a treatment point while distributing the entrance portal over a wider skin area than in the conventional rotational unit.
  • This is achieved by providing a source of radiation which is movable throughout the segment of a sphere defined between two vertical parallel planes, the beam being concentrated at the treatment point throughout such movement.
  • two movements of the source of radiation are used.
  • Means are provided for rotating the source in a vertical circle about a horizontal axis. Additional means are provided for oscillating the source in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the vertical circle.
  • the source may be rotated about a vertical circle, shifted perpendicularly and again rotated about a vertical circle to give an entrance portal over a wide band of skin area.
  • both movements can be applied simultaneously so that the beam traces out a sine wave spiral or other configuration drawn on the surface of a spherical segment. Almost any conceivable motion within the limits of said segment can be achieved to give a wide versatility to the equipment.
  • a further object of this invention is to minimize the problems referred to of long set-up time, the tendency of the beam to be misdirected with movement of the patient, lack of comfort and the diiiiculty of accurately reproducing results.
  • This is achieved by providing an apparatus which is adapted to treat a stationary patient in a reclining position.
  • the source of radiation is movable in a controlled, reproducible manner, with the beam of radiation concentrated on the treatment point.
  • the reclining position of the patient has the added advantage that the patient will be in the same position as the normal diagnostic position. This facilitates accurate treatment.
  • An additional object of the invention in its preferred embodiment is to provide an improved shield as a barrier for the radiation beam emerging from the patient. This is achieved by a combined counterweight and shield which rotates and oscillates with the motion of the source of radiation so that alignment is maintained between source of radiation, treatment point and shield. The amount of protection required in the treatment room is consequently greatly decreased.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation view partly in section of the unit
  • Figure 2 is an end elevation view of the unit shown in Figure 1.
  • the movement of block 12 is controlled through hydraulic cylinder 14.
  • Shield 11 is mounted at one end of arm 15.
  • the other end of arm 15 is connected to a second arm 16.
  • these arms are Patented Feb. 12, 19574 connected by forming the arms as a unitary integral unit.
  • the arms are curved and one end of each is spaced so that together they form a U.
  • a shield-ing block 17 which acts as a combined shield for the radiation which has passed' through the patient and counterweight for shield 11.
  • the U-shaped arms encompass a horizontal axis designated as O and the beam of radiation is directed at a treatment point P located on this axis.
  • Source of radiation 10, treatment point P and shielding block 17 will be in alignment as is shown in the figures.
  • a section of rail 18 is attached to the connected ends of arms and 16 and is formed in the shape of an arc of a circle centred at point P.
  • Rail 18 is engaged by rollers 19 which are mounted on block 20. This permits movement of the arms relative to the block in an arcuate path centred at point P.
  • a curved rack 21 on arms 15 and 16 is engaged by a spur gear 22 mounted on block 20.
  • a reversible variable speed motor 23 drives subsidiary shaft 24 on which is mounted worm 25. Worm 25 drives worm gear 26 which is secured to spur gear 22.
  • motor 23 acts to cause relative movement between the arms and block 20. This causes oscillation of source 10 while maintaining the beam of radiation directed towards point P.
  • Motor 25a drives spur gear 26a which acts on bull gear 27 to rotate main shaft 28.
  • Shaft 28 is coaxial with shaft 24 and its axis lies along centre line O.
  • Block 20 is mounted on shaft 24 so that motor 25 will act to rotate source lil in a vertical circle centred on centre line O.
  • shield 17 will always be in alignment with source 1t) and point P.
  • the patient 29 is supported in a horizontally reclining position lying along line O on a treatment couch 30 which is .designed to offer a minimum of attenuation to the beam.
  • a framework of light alloy tubing supports the edges of a canvas rectangle which forms the bed proper.
  • the couch is supported at its outer end by a couch support located remote from -the radiation beam.
  • Couch 30 is mounted on headpiece 31 in which is journalled pillar 32.
  • a catch 33 locks the headpiece and pillar or may be disengaged to permit the couch to bc swung about a vertical axis.
  • Pillar 32 is seated in base member 34 which contains a hydraulic or other suitable mechanism for elevating and lowering the couch operated by control handle 35.
  • the base is mounted on rollers 36 which engage tracks 37 for movement in a direction perpendicular to axis O, and on rollers 38' which co-operate with tracks 39 for movement in a direction parallel to axis O. All movements of the couch are provided with locks, and all motions of 4the couch are -registered on scales for reproducing positions. As an alterna- -tive construction the couch 30 can be mounted for sliding inwardly and outwardly while maintaining head 31 stationary. Tracks 39 can thus be omitted.
  • the patient and the treatment table is considered ⁇ to be one plate of a condenser, the other ⁇ plate of which is any grounded object, and this capacity is made part of a resonant circuit so that an increase in the capacity above a certain predetermined value will unbalance the circuit and change the plate current of a vacuum tube by an amount sufficient to operate a relay, it is then possible to stop all motions of the machine automatically by disconnecting the main power in the event that any way part of the moving mechanism comes close to the i patient or the treatment table.
  • the minimum distance at which this action occurs can be adjusted so that the momentum of thc moving parts will not carry them to the point of actual contact with the patient or treatment table before they come to rest.
  • control is centralized at a remote control panel (not illustrated) which includes the following,
  • a circular cam and switch arrangement the movement of the cam coinciding with the pointer in (b).
  • the switch arrangement consists of two micro switches located in a circle. These micro switches may be independently located at an angular position on the circle, so that each switch can be made to operate at any angular position. The actuating point of the cam which operates these switches coincides with the pointer position. This enables the beam to be operated for a portion only of the rotational cycle of the radioactive source.
  • Controls can readily be provided for the automatic operation of equipment in accordance with the preferred embodiment.
  • the motor drives for the main rotation movement and for the so-called oscillation movement are preferably identical, consisting of a synchronous A. C. motor coupled by means of an eddy current clutch to an output shaft.
  • the eddy current clutch on the output side drives a small A. C. alternator, the voltage output of which is directly proportional to the R. P. M. of the output shaft.
  • This A. C. signal is fed into a controlled circuit which adjusts the D. C. current flowing through the coils of the electromagnet of the eddy current clutch so as to control the amount of slip in the clutch to produce an output speed of constant value.
  • the dosage at any point is the product or" the intensity or rate of dosage and the time, and the rate of dosage for a given size of source and a given size of aperture is dependent upon the position of the point with respect to the axis of rotation and the thickness of the intervening tissue measured along the direction of the beam, then by controlling the length of time during which the source remains in a particular position, and if necessary controlling the relative location of the point under consideration with respect to the axis of rotation, one can predetermine the dosage delivered to that point.
  • the first variable is controlled by the motor speeds, and the second variable can be controlled, if necessary, by movements of the treatment table.
  • a predetermined dosage can be delivered to a given point.
  • a predetermined dosage can be delivered to a group of points, or to a given volume of tissue within the patient.
  • a circular switch built into the moving scale which indicates the position of the treatment head, can be arranged so that two separate contacts are made at any two chosen points on a 360 arc. These contacts may be used to reverse the rotation of the treatment head or to turn the shutter on or oit.
  • a Swich can be provided which controls only the rotation movement, and this will be sullicient for most purposes but it is obvious that such a switching arrangement could equally as easily be provided for the oscillation movement.
  • model of a tumour could be constructed from diagnostic information and a pointer tracing over the surface of the model could be used to supply signals which would control the movement of the source of radiation.
  • a source of radiation means for rotating said source in a vertical circle about a horizontal axis, means for directing a beam of radiation from said source at a point on said horizontal axis and means for moving said source in a direction perpendicular to the plane of said vertical circle, said beam being directed at said point at each position of the source.
  • a source of radiation means for rotating said source in a vertical circle about a horizontal axis, means for directing a beam of radiation from said source at a point on said horizontal axis, and means for moving said source through an arc centred at said point and extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of said vertical circle, said beam being directed at said point at each position of the source.
  • a source of radiation an arm supporting said source at one end thereof, means for rotating said arm and source about a horizontal axis passing through the other end of said arm, means for directing a beam of radiation from said source at a point on said horizontal axis, means for swinging said arm in an arcuate path centred at said point and being perpendicular to the direction of rotation of said arm, the source of radiation being oriented to direct the beam at said point at each position of the source.
  • a pair of arms connected at one end and spaced at their other ends to form a U
  • a source of radiation at the end of one of said arms and a shield at the end of the other of said arms
  • means for rotating said arms about a horizontal axis means for directing a beam of radiation from said source at a point on said horizontal axis, said beam being directed towards said shield
  • a pair of arms connected at one end and spaced at their other ends to form a U, a source of radiation at the end of one ot said arms and a shield at the end of the other of said arms,
  • a'bloc'k supporting the-connected ends of said arms, means for rotating said block about a-horizontal axis, means for directing a beam of radiation from saidsourceatla point on said horizontal axis, said beam being directed 'towards said shield, means for moving said arms relative 'to said block in an arcuate path centred at said point and being perpendicular to the direction of rotation of said arm to oscillate the source of radiation with the beam ⁇ directed at said point and simultaneously to oscillate said shield to a position in alignment with said source and said point.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
US395169A 1952-12-04 1953-11-30 Rotational therapy unit Expired - Lifetime US2781454A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA316018X 1952-12-04

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CH (1) CH316018A (fr)
FR (1) FR1093061A (fr)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822478A (en) * 1955-08-05 1958-02-04 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement including a betatron for radiation of the human body
US2831123A (en) * 1956-07-11 1958-04-15 Webster J Daly X-ray fluoroscopic device
US2880327A (en) * 1957-04-03 1959-03-31 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Wall exposure safety circuit for radiation protection
US2890349A (en) * 1951-09-04 1959-06-09 Licencia Talalmanyokat Tube support in motional x-ray irradiation apparatuses
US2916627A (en) * 1957-06-15 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Tomograph
US2967939A (en) * 1957-05-13 1961-01-10 Caha Archimiro Gammagraph for medical purposes
US3082322A (en) * 1958-11-28 1963-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Therapy unit
US3087059A (en) * 1961-05-01 1963-04-23 Raymond J Eveland X-ray decubitus table
US3090868A (en) * 1958-07-04 1963-05-21 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for a radiation plant comprising ray generator and treatment bed
US3349242A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-10-24 Carl B Braestrup Apparatus for radiation therapy of diseased tissues with minimum exposure to healthy tissues
US3582650A (en) * 1960-08-01 1971-06-01 Varian Associates Support structure for electron accelerator with deflecting means and target and cooperating patient support
FR2481919A1 (fr) * 1980-05-09 1981-11-13 Grady John Appareil d'examen radiologique
US4628523A (en) * 1985-05-13 1986-12-09 B.V. Optische Industrie De Oude Delft Direction control for radiographic therapy apparatus
US4649277A (en) * 1983-10-27 1987-03-10 S.E.L.O. Societa Elettronica Lombarda S.P.A. Multipurpose apparatus for normal or tomographic investigations by means of a gamma camera
US5321271A (en) * 1993-03-30 1994-06-14 Intraop, Inc. Intraoperative electron beam therapy system and facility
US5894503A (en) * 1994-05-10 1999-04-13 Shepherd; Joseph S. Radiation therapy and radiation surgery treatment system and methods of use of same
US20040184579A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2004-09-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Radiation treatment apparatus
US20070041500A1 (en) * 2005-07-23 2007-02-22 Olivera Gustavo H Radiation therapy imaging and delivery utilizing coordinated motion of gantry and couch
US20090041200A1 (en) * 2005-07-23 2009-02-12 Tomotherapy Incorporated Radiation therapy imaging and delivery utilizing coordinated motion of jaws, gantry, and couch
US20110051891A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Analogic Corporation Computed tomography examination and particle therapy treatment
US8712012B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2014-04-29 Analogic Corporation Combined imaging and radiation therapy
GB2519592A (en) * 2013-10-28 2015-04-29 Elekta Ab Radiotherapy apparatus
US9443633B2 (en) 2013-02-26 2016-09-13 Accuray Incorporated Electromagnetically actuated multi-leaf collimator
US10406382B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-09-10 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Dual-axis ring gantry radiotherapy systems
US10499861B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2019-12-10 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Self-shielded, integrated-control radiosurgery system
US11684446B2 (en) 2019-02-27 2023-06-27 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Device for radiosurgical treatment of uterine fibroids
US11826582B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2023-11-28 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Revolving radiation collimator
US12246192B2 (en) 2021-02-01 2025-03-11 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Inverse planning device and methods for radiation treatment

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2067317A1 (en) * 1969-11-15 1971-08-20 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Rotating mechanism for neutron generators - or like radiation sources
EP1075855A1 (fr) * 1999-08-11 2001-02-14 Jean Valentin Dispositif de radiothérapie stéréotaxique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1573571A (en) * 1924-03-28 1926-02-16 Pohl Ernst Table for X-ray transradiation
US1599696A (en) * 1921-02-09 1926-09-14 Victor X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus
US2370163A (en) * 1941-10-16 1945-02-27 Texas Co Method and apparatus for examining opaque material
US2441538A (en) * 1938-03-08 1948-05-11 Steinhaus Hugo Method of and apparatus for localizing and visualizing foreign bodies

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1599696A (en) * 1921-02-09 1926-09-14 Victor X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus
US1573571A (en) * 1924-03-28 1926-02-16 Pohl Ernst Table for X-ray transradiation
US2441538A (en) * 1938-03-08 1948-05-11 Steinhaus Hugo Method of and apparatus for localizing and visualizing foreign bodies
US2370163A (en) * 1941-10-16 1945-02-27 Texas Co Method and apparatus for examining opaque material

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890349A (en) * 1951-09-04 1959-06-09 Licencia Talalmanyokat Tube support in motional x-ray irradiation apparatuses
US2822478A (en) * 1955-08-05 1958-02-04 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement including a betatron for radiation of the human body
US2831123A (en) * 1956-07-11 1958-04-15 Webster J Daly X-ray fluoroscopic device
US2880327A (en) * 1957-04-03 1959-03-31 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Wall exposure safety circuit for radiation protection
US2967939A (en) * 1957-05-13 1961-01-10 Caha Archimiro Gammagraph for medical purposes
US2916627A (en) * 1957-06-15 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Tomograph
US3090868A (en) * 1958-07-04 1963-05-21 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for a radiation plant comprising ray generator and treatment bed
US3082322A (en) * 1958-11-28 1963-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Therapy unit
US3582650A (en) * 1960-08-01 1971-06-01 Varian Associates Support structure for electron accelerator with deflecting means and target and cooperating patient support
US3087059A (en) * 1961-05-01 1963-04-23 Raymond J Eveland X-ray decubitus table
US3349242A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-10-24 Carl B Braestrup Apparatus for radiation therapy of diseased tissues with minimum exposure to healthy tissues
FR2481919A1 (fr) * 1980-05-09 1981-11-13 Grady John Appareil d'examen radiologique
US4649277A (en) * 1983-10-27 1987-03-10 S.E.L.O. Societa Elettronica Lombarda S.P.A. Multipurpose apparatus for normal or tomographic investigations by means of a gamma camera
US4628523A (en) * 1985-05-13 1986-12-09 B.V. Optische Industrie De Oude Delft Direction control for radiographic therapy apparatus
US5321271A (en) * 1993-03-30 1994-06-14 Intraop, Inc. Intraoperative electron beam therapy system and facility
WO1994023439A1 (fr) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-13 Intraop, Inc. Systeme et installation therapeutiques peroperatoires utilisant un faisceau d'electrons
US5894503A (en) * 1994-05-10 1999-04-13 Shepherd; Joseph S. Radiation therapy and radiation surgery treatment system and methods of use of same
US6422748B1 (en) 1994-05-10 2002-07-23 Joseph S. Shepherd Radiation therapy and radiation surgery treatment system and methods of use of same
US20040184579A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2004-09-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Radiation treatment apparatus
EP1419801A4 (fr) * 2001-08-24 2006-06-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Appareil de radiotherapie
US7188999B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2007-03-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Radiation treatment apparatus
US20070041500A1 (en) * 2005-07-23 2007-02-22 Olivera Gustavo H Radiation therapy imaging and delivery utilizing coordinated motion of gantry and couch
US20090041200A1 (en) * 2005-07-23 2009-02-12 Tomotherapy Incorporated Radiation therapy imaging and delivery utilizing coordinated motion of jaws, gantry, and couch
US9731148B2 (en) * 2005-07-23 2017-08-15 Tomotherapy Incorporated Radiation therapy imaging and delivery utilizing coordinated motion of gantry and couch
US8462912B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2013-06-11 Analogic Corporation Computed tomography examination and particle therapy treatment
US20110051891A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Analogic Corporation Computed tomography examination and particle therapy treatment
US8712012B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2014-04-29 Analogic Corporation Combined imaging and radiation therapy
US9443633B2 (en) 2013-02-26 2016-09-13 Accuray Incorporated Electromagnetically actuated multi-leaf collimator
GB2519592B (en) * 2013-10-28 2020-01-29 Elekta Ab Radiotherapy apparatus with a tiltable gantry arm
GB2519592A (en) * 2013-10-28 2015-04-29 Elekta Ab Radiotherapy apparatus
US9522286B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2016-12-20 Elekta Ab (Publ) Radiotherapy apparatus
US10029123B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2018-07-24 Elekta Ab (Publ) Radiotherapy apparatus
US10406382B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-09-10 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Dual-axis ring gantry radiotherapy systems
US11826582B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2023-11-28 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Revolving radiation collimator
US10499861B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2019-12-10 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Self-shielded, integrated-control radiosurgery system
US11844637B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2023-12-19 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Therapeutic radiation beam detector for radiation treatment systems
US12220270B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2025-02-11 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Imaging systems and methods for image-guided radiosurgery
US11684446B2 (en) 2019-02-27 2023-06-27 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Device for radiosurgical treatment of uterine fibroids
US12246192B2 (en) 2021-02-01 2025-03-11 Zap Surgical Systems, Inc. Inverse planning device and methods for radiation treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH316018A (fr) 1956-09-15
FR1093061A (fr) 1955-04-29

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