US2791717A - Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam - Google Patents

Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam Download PDF

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Publication number
US2791717A
US2791717A US214986A US21498651A US2791717A US 2791717 A US2791717 A US 2791717A US 214986 A US214986 A US 214986A US 21498651 A US21498651 A US 21498651A US 2791717 A US2791717 A US 2791717A
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Prior art keywords
tube
delay line
wave
travelling wave
magnetic fields
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Expired - Lifetime
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US214986A
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English (en)
Inventor
Epsztein Bernard
Huber Harry
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a travelling wave tube in which the amplifying effect is obtained by means of an electron beam moving and interacting with a wavelling wave inside crossed and time-constant electric and magnetic fields.
  • Tubes of that kind are already known, particularly of a linear form.
  • the main direction of propagation of the wave and electrons is that of the tube axis (dimension of the length) and the electric and magnetic fields are set towards the transverse dimensions of the tube.
  • the tube is so made that the wave and electrons progress mainly in a transverse direction, the vector of the electric field being also transverse, in a direction perpendicular to that of the wave and electrons and the vector'of the magnetic field being longitudinal. This dilference offers important advantages in connection with the application of the magnetic field, and'the gain and efficiency of the tube.
  • Figure 1 a schematic perspective section of the arrangement of electrodes, according to the invention.
  • Figures 6 and 7 an example of embodiment of the tube according to the invention seen in transverse and axial section.
  • the acceleration velocity v51 of the electrons is determined by the ratio between the intensity of the electric field E and the induction B of the magnetic field perpendicular to the field E and to the direction of the wave propagation:
  • a delay line or delay guide is needed.
  • any delay line guiding a delayed wave which propagated mainly in the direction of the velocity Vplr along the axis of the tube, while the electron beam propagated in the space included between that delay line and an additional electrode.
  • the electric field E exists between this additional electrode and the delay line when the latter is at a positive potential with respect to the potential of the additional electrode.
  • the magnetic field B is generated by a magnet.
  • the tubes of that kind difier from the linear tubes generally known as travelling wave tubes (without transverse magnetic field) chiefly by their ite States Patent 0 greatefiiciency, that is, because their electronic mech- 2,791,717 Patented May 7,
  • the present invention provides a new arrangement of a tube of the described type, the principle of which is shown schematically in Figure 1 illustrating a perspective view of the interaction space.
  • a delay line 1 of any desired type guides a wave travelling chiefly in the direction of the arrow.
  • Vph transverse to the tube axis;
  • an electronic beam 2 is propagated in space 3 between the delay line 1 and an additional electrode 4;
  • E is the electric field existing between this electrode 4 and the delay line 1, when the latter, as in the usual tube is at a positive potential with respect to the potential of the additional electrode.
  • the inducion magnetic field B is directed towards the tube axis.
  • the electron gun being disposed laterally, its length can be extended all along the delay line; thus a far greater length than before is available, for extending the electron gun so as substantially to increase its total current without losing the above mentioned qualities of concentration.
  • the magnetic field is very easily obtained, because the tube may be introduced inside a long coil as already known in travelling wave tubes without any transverse magnetic field; therefore, the tube is not practically limited in its length, a condition favorable to the increase of the gun output.
  • Such delay lines may be made, for example by means of a wire bent in the-form of meanders, or with a flat helix. b inding the h i re e e a fl s'E Whose width 1 is larger than its length 1 as shown in Figure 2.
  • Another means of embodiment consists in a series of fiat helices, wound over a mandrel, the width of which being about as large as its length. As shown in Figure :3, these elements of helices can be connected in series; it is also possible to connect them in parallel. Other devices using lines of the so-called vane type may also be used. I
  • Figure 5 shows another possibility of constructing the delay line in the form of a plate 1 with vanes 20 dispose d obliquely, thereby creating properties similar to those of the example of Figure 4.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show schematically, according to a transverse and an axial section respectively, a non l i1 1 1 iting example of a device using a delay line made up according to the above described principles.
  • Figure .6 is a transverse section of the tube where 1 is the delay line, 2 the electron beam, 3 the interaction space, 4 the cathodic electrode, and 9 the collector electrode, the whole being housed in a cylindrical envelope 19.
  • the electron gun is composed of the cathode 7 in the form of a flat tape inserted in the plane electrode 10, and of the auxiliary anode 1-1, the unit 10-41 being spaced from the system 1-4.
  • the flat beam 2 is generated by means of the electrical field action, of the gun and of the longitudinal magnetic field generated by the long coil 12.
  • Figure 7 shows the input antenna 5 passing through the plate 13 which carries the auxiliary anode 11 and is traversed by the leads 14, 15, 16 for the connections going to the cathode and the auxiliary cathodic electrode Ill.
  • the output antenna 6 passes through the plate 17 connected to collector 9 and traversed by lead 18 the connection going to the cathodic electrode 4.
  • the two plates 13 and 17 are joined by the tubular glass enclosure 19.
  • a battery 20 makes it possible, by means of adjustable taps 21, 22, 23 and 24, to collect the suitable potentials respectively necessary for the delay line 1, the cathode 7, the cathodic electrode 4 and the auxiliary cathodic electrode 10.
  • a battery 25 connected between the leads 14 and provides the heating current for the filament of the cathode 7.
  • Another battery, not shown and connected between the extremities 26 and 27 of the coil 12 supplies the current necessary for the latter.
  • At 28 and 29 respectively are shown the lead-in connectionsfor feeding the high frequency energy to the input 5 of the delay line and the connections for extracting saidhigh frequency energy at the output 6 of the delay line.
  • An electronic travelling wave tube arrangement including an evacuated envelopehaving a transversedimension smaller than the longitudinal dimension thereof; outside said envelope: means for establishing a .su-bsta t ally maccnstant magnetictneln of induction :8
  • a cathode in the form of a flat tape, having an emissive surface substantially parallel to said longitudinal dimension; two spaced substantially parallel conductive structures of substantially rectangular form, having two long sides parallel to said cathode tape and two short sides perpendicular to said tape, said structures defining therebetween an electron and wave interaction space; connections to said structures for producing therebetween a substantially time constant electric field of intensity E; means positioned in a predetermined relation with respect to said cathode and parallel structures for concentrating electrons emitted by said cathode in a linear tape-shaped beam propagating in said interaction space in the direction of said transverse dimension with a predetermined velocity equal to the ratio E/B; at least one of said two structures being an electric delay line haying an input end and an outpu s id, the sa d de a ne hav ps'a pa for P op ation of an ultra high frequency travelling wave between said input and output ends along said interaction space
  • the said delay line comprises a set of identical flat spirals located in a same plane and having axes parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the said enclosure, disposed so that the planes of their spires of same rank coincide, the dimension along the axis of the said spirals being substantially equal to'theirperpendicular dimension, and all of them being connected inseries.

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US214986A 1950-03-13 1951-03-10 Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam Expired - Lifetime US2791717A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1014309T 1950-03-13

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US2791717A true US2791717A (en) 1957-05-07

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FR (1) FR1014309A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2869023A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-01-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Microwave amplifier tube
US2945979A (en) * 1952-12-30 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube structure

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2241976A (en) * 1940-04-25 1941-05-13 Gen Electric High frequency apparatus
US2439401A (en) * 1942-09-10 1948-04-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron oscillator of the resonant cavity type
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2559581A (en) * 1948-02-04 1951-07-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Transverse traveling wave amplifier
US2566087A (en) * 1947-06-13 1951-08-28 Csf Tube of the magnetron type for ultra-short waves
US2607904A (en) * 1948-10-18 1952-08-19 Csf Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes
US2687777A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Thermionic tube for ultrashort waves
US2701322A (en) * 1949-02-12 1955-02-01 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube of the transverse magnetic field type

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2241976A (en) * 1940-04-25 1941-05-13 Gen Electric High frequency apparatus
US2439401A (en) * 1942-09-10 1948-04-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron oscillator of the resonant cavity type
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2566087A (en) * 1947-06-13 1951-08-28 Csf Tube of the magnetron type for ultra-short waves
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2559581A (en) * 1948-02-04 1951-07-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Transverse traveling wave amplifier
US2687777A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Thermionic tube for ultrashort waves
US2607904A (en) * 1948-10-18 1952-08-19 Csf Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes
US2701322A (en) * 1949-02-12 1955-02-01 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube of the transverse magnetic field type

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945979A (en) * 1952-12-30 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube structure
US2869023A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-01-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Microwave amplifier tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1014309A (fr) 1952-08-13

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