US2794090A - Electromagnetic switch relays - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switch relays Download PDF

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Publication number
US2794090A
US2794090A US277414A US27741452A US2794090A US 2794090 A US2794090 A US 2794090A US 277414 A US277414 A US 277414A US 27741452 A US27741452 A US 27741452A US 2794090 A US2794090 A US 2794090A
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armature
pole
counter
temperature
air gap
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US277414A
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English (en)
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Ertl Emerich
Peterlik Leopold
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/20—Non-polarised relays with two or more independent armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
    • H02J7/22—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field due to variation of make-to-break ratio of intermittently-operating contacts, e.g. using Tirrill regulator
    • H02J7/225—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field due to variation of make-to-break ratio of intermittently-operating contacts, e.g. using Tirrill regulator characterised by the mechanical construction

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electromagnetic switch relay, more especially a voltage regulator or charging switch or a constructional combination of the two for lighting installations of powered vehicles, and the object thereof is to provide a switch relay equipped with a particularly effective device for modifying the temperaturedependent changes of the magnetic flux.
  • the regulation range of this device will be sufficiently large not only to keep constant-independently of those temperature-dependent changes of the magnetic flux which are produced by heating of the coil windings due to the Joule effectthe values controlled by the relay, such as for instance voltage or charging current of a lighting dynamo, but also to render possible adaptation of the voltage and the charging current of the dynamo to the current consumption requirements of the vehicle in operation, which requirements vary with the external temperature prevailing at any given moment.
  • the voltage of the lighting dynamo is regulated by means of an electromagnetic vibratory regulator without a device for temperature compensation, a voltage variation results which is exactly the opposite of what is required as stated above. That is to say, at high temperatures the electrical resistance of the copper winding increases and the magnetic attractive force acting on the armature becomes correspondingly smaller; at higher temperatures this causes the lighting dynamo to be regulated to a higher voltage and the battery to be given a higher charge than at lower temperatures.
  • the bimetallic spring is disposed outside the magnetic cirice cuit, for instance as a suspension spring for the movable armature or as an additional counterspring.
  • the armature plate is provided with a slotshaped cavity, and the magnetic counter-pole is angularly formed, its free arm engaging in this cavity without touching the sides thereof, the air gap between the cavity and the engaging part of the counter-pole being substantially smaller than the air gap between the main surfaces of the armature and of the counter-pole.
  • Iron-nickel alloys, or combinations thereof with socalled Monel metal have been found to be particularly suitable as special alloys for temperature-dependent 'regu lation of the magnetic flux of the counter-pole.
  • Figure 2 shows a voltage regulator with two-contact regulation, provided with the angularly formed counterpole, partly in section on line 11-11 of Figure 3,
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of the upper part of the regulating device, on line IV-IV of Figure 2, on a' larger scale, and
  • Figure 5 shows the upper part of a switch relay, with two armatures, comprising an advantageous,constructiom al'form of the common counter-pole.
  • 1 is the coil
  • 2 is the yoke
  • 3 is the pole plate
  • 4 the angularly formed armature resiliently attached to the yoke and extending over about one half of the pole plate 3.
  • part 5 which eflfects temperature compensation, being made of a ferromagnetic alloy of temperature-dependent permeability, preferably an iron-nickel alloy
  • counter-pole 6 made of ordinary soft ironand formed as a simple plate, which overlaps the armature 4 from above.
  • The'counter-pole 6 is disposed parallel to the armature and at a short distance d therefrom, in such a manner as not to be touched by the armature in its highest position, i. c. When the contact is closed.
  • the magnetically induced counter-pole .6 is of the same polarity asthe pole plate 3 and acts on the armature against the attractive force of the coil ,1, 'i. e. the main attractive force is reduced by the action of the counterpole.
  • the magnetisation line of the alloys used for making the part 5 must be such that their magnetic saturation decreases with increasing temperature from about C. and that their Curie point is substantially higher than the highest operating temperature of the regulator.
  • the air gap d between the armature 4 and the counter-pole 6 varies during the operation of the vibratory regulator, but in the case of the single-contact regulator illustrated this variation amounts only to a few hundredths of a millimetre.
  • the upper flange 7 of the coil 1 may consist of highly heat-conductive material, for instance of aluminium, so that the active part 5 will acquire the temperature of the coil as nearly as possible.
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a voltage regulator with two contact regulation, contact 8 being used for regulation in the lower speed range and contact 9 for regulation in the upper speed range.
  • the range of movement of the armature therefore depends on the path traversed bythe contact 10, which is attached to this armature, between the two contact positions at 8 and 9.
  • the size of the upper air gap 2 varies, during operation, by the amount corresponding to this armature movement. This variation would therefore be several times that in the example illustrated in Figure 1, and would very greatly affect the action of the counter-pole.
  • the armature is provided, in its centre, with a slot-shaped cavity, and the counter-pole 6 is angularly formed in such a manner that its free arm 6' projects into this cavity.
  • Figure 5 shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention for a combined voltage regulator and charging switch, of which the two armatures 4 and llsymmetrically overlap the common relay coil 1.
  • the pole plate 3 is provided, laterally of the two armatures, with an extension 3' to which is attached the active part5 made of the above-mentioned special alloy and carrying the counter-pole 6.
  • This counter-pole overlaps both armature plates substantially symmetrically, and its angularly formed end 6' engages in a cavity in the armature plate 4 of the voltage regulator, in the manner described above with reference to Figures 2 to 4.
  • the counter-pole 6 is provided with an abutment 12 against which the upwardly stressed armature 11 strikes.
  • the compensation ettect essentially depends uponv dimensioning (cross-section and length of the path of.
  • the magnetic flux diverted to the shunt joins again the main magnetic flux through the pole shoe 6 directly through the movable anchor 4 of the relay, thus infiuencing the main magnetic flux directly in the manner of an electromagnetic counter-pole.
  • the device according to the invention allows the highest possible linear temperature-dependent regulation of the magnetic flux by substituting for instance the part 5 by a combination of several plate shaped elements with different, especially inverse temperature coefiicients.
  • a combination of elements corresponding to the U. S. patent specification No. 1,608,872 consisting of plate shaped elements made from an iron-nickel alloy and of plate shaped elements made from Monel metal is particularly suitable.
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member arranged adjacent the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a temperature dependent permeability; a counter-pole member arranged adjacent said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween, said main pole member, said temperature-compensating member and said counter-pole member being arranged in a continuous magnetic flux circuit; and an armature movably mounted on said yoke member and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first air gap being between said armature and said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said main pole member, said armature being capable of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counter-pole members, whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding a portion of the magnetic flux produced in said main
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member arranged adjacent the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a negative temperature coetficient of magnetic permeability; a counter-pole member arranged adjacent said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween, said main pole member, said temperature-compensating member and said counter-pole member being arranged in a continuous magnetic fiux circuit; and an armature movably mounted on said yoke member and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first air gap being between said armature and said counter-pole member and said second air gap being be tween said armature and said main pole member, said armature being capable of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counterpole members, whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member mounted on the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a temperature dependent permeability; a counter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween; and an armature pivotally mounted on said yoke member and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first air gap being between said armature and said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said main pole member, said armature being capable of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counter-pole members, whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding a portion of the magnetic flux produced in said yoke is shunted through said counter-pole and said first air gap to said armature, the portion of the flux shunted depending
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member mounted on the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a negative temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability; a counter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween; and an armature pivotally mounted on said yoke member and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first air gap being between said armature and said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said main pole member, said armature being capable of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counter-pole members, whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding a portion of the magnetic flux produced in said yoke is shunted through said counter-pole and said first air gap to said armature, the portion of the flux sh
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member arranged adjacent the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a temperature dependent permeability; a counter-pole member arranged adjacent said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween, said counter-pole member having a flange portion, said main pole member, said temperature-compensating member and said counter-pole member being arranged in a continuous magnetic flux circuit; and an armature movably mounted on said yoke member in the direction of said flange portion and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said armature having an opening into which the flange portion.
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member arranged adjacent the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a negative temperature coefiioient of magnetic permeability; a counter-pole member arranged adjacent said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween, said counter-pole member having a flange portion, said main pole member, said temperature-compensating member and said counter-pole member being arranged in a continuous magnetic flux circuit; and an armature movably mounted on said yoke member in the direction of said flange portion and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said armature having an opening into which the flange portion of said counterpole projects, said first air gap being between said armature and the flange portion of said counter-pole member andsaid second air gap being between said arma
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperattire-compensating member mounted on the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a negative temperature coefiicient of magnetic permeability; a counter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween, said counter-pole member having a flange portion; and an armature pivotally mounted on said yoke member in the direction of said flange portion and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second 'air gap, said armature having an opening into which-the flange portion of said counter-pole projects, said first air gap being between said armature and the flange portion of said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said main pole member, whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding a portion of the magnetic flux produced in said
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member'having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperaturecompensating member arranged adjacent the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a temperature dependent permeability; a counter-pole member arranged adjacent said temperature-compensatingmemberand spaced from said main pole member to form an'air space therebetween, said main pole member, said temperature-compensating member and said countenpnle member being arranged ina continuous magnetic flux circuit; an armature movably mounted on said yoke member and spaced from both.
  • said .pole members .to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first air gap being between said armatureand said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said main pole member, said armature being capable of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counter-pole members; and means for resiliently urging said armature towards the said counter-pole so that said first air gap is substantially smaller than said second air gap whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding a portion of the magnetic flux produced in said yoke is shunted through said counter-pole and said first air gap to said armature, the portion of the flux shunted depending upon the temperature of said temperature-compensating member and the initial position of said resilient urging means and the position of said armature between said main pole and counter-pole members being dependent upon the relativeflux distribution therebetween.
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, , a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member mounted on the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a negative temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability; a counter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space therebetween; an armature pivotally mounted on said yoke member and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first air gap being between said armature and said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said pole member, said armature being capable .of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counter-pole members; and means for resiliently urging said armature towards the said counter-pole so that said first air gap is substantially, smaller than said second air gap whereby when energy is supplied to the magnet winding a portion of the magnetic
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; a temperature-compensating member mounted on the main pole member, said temperaturecompensating member having a negative temperature coefiicient of magnetic permeability; acounter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating member and spaced from said main pole member to form an air spa e therebetween, said counter-pole member having a flange portion; an armature pivotally mounted on said yoke member in the direction of said flange portion and spaced from both said pole members to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said armature having an opening into which the flange portion of said counter-pole projects, said firstair gap being between said armature and the flange portion of said counter-pole member and said second air gap being between said armature and said main pole member, said armature being capable of assuming any one of a plurality of positions between said main pole and said counter
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; an armature movably mounted on said yoke member and having a first and a second end portion, said first end portion being spaced from said main pole member and adapted to be attracted towards said main pole member by the magnetic flux established therethrough; a switch having a pair of normally closed contacts, one of said pair of contacts being fixed and mounted on said yoke member and the other contact of said pair of contacts being mounted on said second end portion of said armature to open said switch when said first end portion of said armature is attracted towards said main pole member; temperature-compensating means mounted on said yoke member; and a counter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating means and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space with said main pole member, said temperature compensating means causing a portion of said magnetic flux flowing through said main pole member to pass through said counter-pole member to decrease the attraction of
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising, in combination, a magnetic yoke member having a magnet winding mounted thereon and having one end serving as a main pole member; an armature movably mounted on said yoke member and having a first and a second end portion, said first end portion being spaced from said main pole member and adapted to be attracted towards said main pole member by the magnetic fiux established therethrough; a switch having a pair of normally closed contacts, one of said pair of contacts being fixed and mounted on said yoke member and the other contact of said pair of contacts being mounted on said second end portion of said armature to open said switch when said first end portion of said armature is attracted towards said main pole member; temperature-compensating means mounted on said main pole member; and a counter-pole member mounted on said temperature-compensating means and spaced from said main pole member to form an air space with said main pole member, said first end portion of said armature being disposed in said air space to divide said air space into a first and a second air gap, said first
  • An electromagnetic regulating relay adapted for use as a vibrating voltage regulator and charging switch for lighting equipment on power-driven vehicles, comprising, in combination, a magnetic coil enclosing an iron core; a pole plate arranged at one end of said iron core; an armature arranged and suspended in spaced relation above said pole plate; resilient means for mounting said armature on the relay in such manner that the periodic movement of said armature during its vibration is car ried out without contact with said pole plate, a magnetic temperature-compensating member mounted on said pole plate of said relay, said temperature-compensating member being at the ambient temperature of said power-driven vehicle and being made from a ferromagnetic material having a Curie point between 100-120" C.
  • a counter-pole mounted on said temperature-compensating member to form an air space with said pole plate wherein said armature is disposed, said air space being partitioned into a first and a second air gap by said armature, the distance between said pole plate and said counter-pole being so small that the mag netic flux established in said magnetic core by said magnet winding is divided into two parts, one part of said magnetic flux flowing from said pole plate to one side of said armature through said first air gap and the other part of said magnetic flux flowing to the other side of said armature through said pole plate, said temperature-compensating member, said counter-pole and said second air gap so that said armature is attracted by the difference between the two divided parts of said magnetic flux whereby, under the influence of said temperature-compensating member, the voltage regulated by the vibrating voltage regulator is higher for lower ambient temperatures than for higher ambient temperatures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
US277414A 1949-08-16 1952-03-19 Electromagnetic switch relays Expired - Lifetime US2794090A (en)

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AT169036T 1949-08-16

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US2794090A true US2794090A (en) 1957-05-28

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US (1) US2794090A (de)
AT (1) AT169036B (de)
DE (1) DE849134C (de)
FR (1) FR1025584A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2932775A (en) * 1955-10-26 1960-04-12 Stone J & Co Ltd Electromagnets, particularly for electromagnetic regulators
US3173067A (en) * 1962-03-22 1965-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature-compensated permanent-magnet devices
US3270158A (en) * 1961-10-31 1966-08-30 Robertshaw Controls Co Liquid level control with means to prevent short cycling of the relay
US3533032A (en) * 1968-09-23 1970-10-06 Singer General Precision Temperature compensated electric motor and pressure control servo valve
US3955164A (en) * 1972-10-12 1976-05-04 Lucas Aerospace Limited Electromagnetic force applying device

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1691203A (en) * 1923-08-27 1928-11-13 North East Electric Co Electromagnetic instrument
US1763284A (en) * 1927-09-09 1930-06-10 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermal relay
US1870176A (en) * 1931-09-29 1932-08-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermal relay
US1901708A (en) * 1931-11-11 1933-03-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Invar relay
US1936779A (en) * 1932-07-29 1933-11-28 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermal relay
DE704028C (de) * 1939-04-03 1941-03-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetische Kontaktvorrichtung fuer elektrische Anlagen auf Fahrzeugen
US2253483A (en) * 1937-07-30 1941-08-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electromagnetic vibratory governor for dynamos
US2255638A (en) * 1940-01-24 1941-09-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Overload relay
US2339125A (en) * 1942-07-21 1944-01-11 Gen Electric Electromagnetic time element device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1608872A (en) * 1923-05-07 1926-11-30 North East Electric Co Temperature compensation

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1691203A (en) * 1923-08-27 1928-11-13 North East Electric Co Electromagnetic instrument
US1763284A (en) * 1927-09-09 1930-06-10 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermal relay
US1870176A (en) * 1931-09-29 1932-08-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermal relay
US1901708A (en) * 1931-11-11 1933-03-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Invar relay
US1936779A (en) * 1932-07-29 1933-11-28 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermal relay
US2253483A (en) * 1937-07-30 1941-08-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electromagnetic vibratory governor for dynamos
DE704028C (de) * 1939-04-03 1941-03-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetische Kontaktvorrichtung fuer elektrische Anlagen auf Fahrzeugen
US2255638A (en) * 1940-01-24 1941-09-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Overload relay
US2339125A (en) * 1942-07-21 1944-01-11 Gen Electric Electromagnetic time element device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2932775A (en) * 1955-10-26 1960-04-12 Stone J & Co Ltd Electromagnets, particularly for electromagnetic regulators
US3270158A (en) * 1961-10-31 1966-08-30 Robertshaw Controls Co Liquid level control with means to prevent short cycling of the relay
US3173067A (en) * 1962-03-22 1965-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature-compensated permanent-magnet devices
US3533032A (en) * 1968-09-23 1970-10-06 Singer General Precision Temperature compensated electric motor and pressure control servo valve
US3955164A (en) * 1972-10-12 1976-05-04 Lucas Aerospace Limited Electromagnetic force applying device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1025584A (fr) 1953-04-16
AT169036B (de) 1951-10-10
DE849134C (de) 1952-09-11

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