US2826723A - Regulating apparatus - Google Patents

Regulating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2826723A
US2826723A US464492A US46449254A US2826723A US 2826723 A US2826723 A US 2826723A US 464492 A US464492 A US 464492A US 46449254 A US46449254 A US 46449254A US 2826723 A US2826723 A US 2826723A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
relay
tubes
starter
anode
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US464492A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gugelberg Andreas Ulysses Von
Vollenweider Max Heinrich
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ELESTA Ltd
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ELESTA Ltd
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/012—Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means
    • G05B11/013—Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means using discharge tubes

Definitions

  • Objects of the invention are to improve a regulating apparatus of the type stated with respect to its sensitivity to extremely small currents and its stability over very long periods of operation, to simplify the circuit and reduce the number of circuit elements of such an extremely sensitive apparatus and to improve its speed of operation and ease of adjustment.
  • the coil of an electromechanical relay or some other indicating element is connected to one of the main electrodes of said tubes and it will be operated by the firing of the corresponding tube.
  • the whole circuit is connected to a direct-current supply, which, if a high precision of indication is required, may be stabilized by voltage reference tubes or other stabilizing means.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified diagram explaining the principle of the mode of operation of the regulating apparatus
  • Fig. 2 shows a more detailed diagram of a regulating apparatus, which preferably serves as an automatic photoelectric control.
  • the measuring or condition responsive element 1 can be a photo-electric cell, an ionisation chamber, or a resistance depending on light, radiation, temperature, pressure, etc.
  • the apparatus includes gas relay tubes 2 and 3 of the glow-discharge type, each having a cold cathode, a main-anode and a starter-anode. The main-discharge between the cold cathode and the main-anode of these gas relay tubes is fired by means of their starter-anode in a per se known manner. Both relay tubes 2 and 3 are fed from a direct-current source which, however, is not shown in Figure l.
  • the condition responsive element 1 is connected directly between the two starter-anodes of the relay tubes 2 and 3. The load into which the condition responsive element 1 is working,
  • high-resistance elements 4 and 5 each of which connects one of the starter-anodes to a tap ona voltage divider comprising the otentiometers 6 and 7 of United States Patent ice conventional design and has a resistance of about 10 to 10 ohms.
  • the high-resistance elements 4 and 5 can be high-ohmic resistances, ionisation chambers or other elements having a high internal resistance of about 10 to 10 ohms.
  • the cold cathode 2a of the gas relay tube 2 is connected, through the resistance 8 with the condenser 9 connected in parallel, to the negative terminal of the direct-current source, while the cold cathode 3a of the gas relay tube 3 is connected directly to the negative terminal.
  • the mainanode 3b of the gas relay tube 3 is connected, through a resistance 10 with condenser 11 connected in parallel, to the main-anode 2b of the gas relay tube 2.
  • the resistances 8 and 10 serve as current limiting resistors according to the ratings of the gas relay tubes 2 and 3.
  • the main-anode 2b of the gas relay tube 2 is connected through the coupling resistance 12 to the positive terminal of the direct-current source.
  • the resistance 12 is a voltage dropping or coupling resistance producing a coupling between the two circuits containing the cold cathode and the main-anode of the gas relay tubes 2 and 3. From the diagram it may be seen, that the biasing-voltages for the starter-anodes 20, 3c of the gas relay tubes 2 and 3 respectively, are positive with respect to the negative terminal of the direct-current source, the biasingvoltage for the starter-anode 3c of the gas relay-tube 3 having its cold cathode connected directly to the negative terminal of the direct-current source being lower than the biasing-voltage for the starter-anode 2c of the other gas relay tube 2.
  • the circuit is supplemented by the condensers 13 and 14, which are interposed between the starter-anode and the cold cathode of the two gas relay tubes 2 and 3.
  • condition responsive element 1 is a highvacuum photo-electric cell, the cathode of which is exposed to intense illumination.
  • the glow discharge of the gas relay tube 3 burns, while the glow discharge of the relay tube 2 is extinguished.
  • the starter-anode 3c, immersed in the discharge, of the relay tube 3 will in these circumstances assume in relation to the negative terminal of the directcurrent source a positive potential which is approximately equal to the cathode drop of the glow discharge of the relay tube 3.
  • the cathode drop is only slightly smaller than the burning voltage between the cold cathode and the main-anode.
  • the potential of the starter-anode 3c of the relay tube 3 is then increased until the latter is fired.
  • the additional voltage drop at the resistance 12 on the firing of the relay tube 3 now extinguishes the relay tube 2-, because the capacitor 9 temporarily retains its potential and in consequence the voltage between the main-anode 2b and the cold cathode 2a of the relay tube 2 falls for a short time below the extinguishing voltage.
  • the photo-electric cell current By a suitable adjustment on the potentiometer 7, the photo-electric cell current, on the exceeding of which the relay tube 3 is tired, can be adjusted. On the other hand, the photo-electric cell current below the relay tube 2 is fired, is adjusted with the potentiometer 6.
  • the capacitors l3 and 14 permit the firing of the relay tubes 2 and 3 even with very small control currents. By suitable dimensioning, a retardation of response of the regulating apparatus can at the same time be effected with them, so that short-timed alterations of the measured magnitude do not initiate control operations in the regulating apparatus.
  • control currents in the condition responsive element 1 of to 10 amperes are sufiicient for perfect working of the regulating apparatus.
  • a voltage controlled by the condition responsive element 1 is available at the cold cathode 2a of the relay tube 2 or at the main-anode 3b of the relay tube 3 and can for example be used to control thyratron tubes which close or open an external load circuit.
  • Controlled currents are available in the main discharge circuits containing the cold cathode and the main-anode of the relay tubes 2 and 3 and can for example serve to operate electromechanical relays, the exiter windings of which take place of the resistances 8 or Eli and the relay 'jcontacts of which close or open an external load circuit containing a load which is to be connected to or disconnected from the power supply according to the level of the electric currents flowing through the condition responsive element 1.
  • Such external load circuits are not specially shown.
  • the condition responsive element 1 used in the circuit is preferably one, the current of which in the normal operating range depends practically only on the magni- V tude of the condition to which it is responsive, but not on the voltage applied, as in the case, for example, with a high-vacuum photo-electric cell, with an ionisation chamber operated in the saturation zone, or the like.
  • the condition responsive element ll can, however, also be a resistance, which steadily varies its value as a function of the magnitude of the condition such as light, radiation, temperature, pressure, etc. Very sensitive, practically not loadable contacts, which for example close or open as a function of the magnitude of the condition, can also be used as the condition responsive element l.
  • the use of the regulating apparatus is indicated wherever larger powers must be reliably controlled with powers of about 10 watts obtained at a condition responsive element 1 of very high internal resistance.
  • a particularly suitable field of application of the regulating apparatus described with reference to Figure 1 comprises photo-electric controls of all kind.
  • FIG 2 shows diagrammatically the example of an automatic light control, which is used to switch on and ofi lightings of roads, airfields, shop-windows, factory premises, and so on, in dependence on the brightness of daylight.
  • the regulating apparatus, and the external load circuit to be controlled are fed from the same alternating current line 15.
  • the load circuit contains a load to be connected to the terminals 16, and also the contacts 17 of an electromechanical relay 18, by means of which the load is connected to or separated from the power supply line 15 depending on the switching state of the relay 1%.
  • the load can for example consist of a .e number of illumination lamps, and is not shown in Figure 2.
  • the regulating apparatus itself is fed by a source of direct current, which is illustrated by the fu -wave rectifier l9 and the filter capacitor 20.
  • Two potentiometers 6 and 7 are connected across the gaseous voltage reference tubes for ceding adjustable biasing voltages for the starter-anodes of the gas relay tubes 2 and 3.
  • the regulating natus itself is constructed in accordance with the ram illustrated in Figure l, the resistance designated there by a; in the main discharge circuit of the gas relay tube 2 being replaced by the exiter winding 24 of the electromechanical relay 19.
  • the condition responsive element 1 is a photo-electric cell preferably of the highvacuum type for measuring the brightness at a given moment.
  • the values of the ditferent circuit elements depend much on the type of relay tubes used in a particular design and on the characteristics of the measuring element as well as on the desired sensitivity and speed of operation in each case.
  • the circuit elements of Figs. 1 and 2 may have the following values:
  • High-ohmic resistors 4 and 5 10 -10 ohms, depending on desired light sensitivity.
  • Condensers 9 and 11 l microfarad.
  • Resistor 12 5.10 ohms.
  • Condensers 13 and. 14 l0 to 1 microfarad, depending on desired response delay.
  • a regulating apparatus comprising a pair of gas relay tubes each of which includes a main cold cathode, a main-anode and a starter-anode, a first current limiting resistor shunted by a first condenser and connected between the cold cathodes of said relay tubes, a second current limiting resistor shunted by a second condenser and connected between the main-anodes of said relay tubes, a direct-current source and a coupling resistor arranged in series therewith, one end of said series arranged direct-current source and coupling resistor being connected to the cold cathode of one of said relay tubes and the other end of said series arranged direct-current source and coupling resistor being connected to the main-anode of the otherof said relay tubes, a pair of high resistance elements each of which connects one or" said starter-anodes to biasing voltage supply means, and an electric condition responsive element connected between said high resistance elements for controlling the respective biasing voltages applied to said starter anodes and thereby firing said
  • biasing voltage supply means deliver positive voltages with respect to the negative terminal of said directcurrent source, the biasing voltage for the starter-anode or" one relay tube having its cold cathode connected to the negative terminal of said direct-current source being lower than the biasing-voltage for the starter-anode of the other relay tube.
  • a regulating apparatus comprising a pair of gas relay tubes each of which includes a main cold cathode, a

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US464492A 1953-12-07 1954-10-25 Regulating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2826723A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2826723X 1953-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2826723A true US2826723A (en) 1958-03-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US464492A Expired - Lifetime US2826723A (en) 1953-12-07 1954-10-25 Regulating apparatus

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US (1) US2826723A (de)
CH (1) CH319382A (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2162508A (en) * 1937-02-20 1939-06-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Grid glow tube
US2237665A (en) * 1938-09-30 1941-04-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Control apparatus
US2310342A (en) * 1940-11-29 1943-02-09 Rca Corp Balanced direct and alternating current amplifiers
US2710365A (en) * 1952-03-27 1955-06-07 Electronics Corp America Illumination control

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2162508A (en) * 1937-02-20 1939-06-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Grid glow tube
US2237665A (en) * 1938-09-30 1941-04-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Control apparatus
US2310342A (en) * 1940-11-29 1943-02-09 Rca Corp Balanced direct and alternating current amplifiers
US2710365A (en) * 1952-03-27 1955-06-07 Electronics Corp America Illumination control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH319382A (de) 1957-02-15

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