US2841728A - Electron multipliers - Google Patents

Electron multipliers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2841728A
US2841728A US278347A US27834752A US2841728A US 2841728 A US2841728 A US 2841728A US 278347 A US278347 A US 278347A US 27834752 A US27834752 A US 27834752A US 2841728 A US2841728 A US 2841728A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
envelope
light
glass
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US278347A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mcgee James Dwyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EMI Ltd
Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
EMI Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EMI Ltd filed Critical EMI Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2841728A publication Critical patent/US2841728A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/28—Vessels, e.g. wall of the tube; Windows; Screens; Suppressing undesired discharges or currents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron multipliers of the type wherein one or ⁇ more ⁇ secondary electron emissive dynode electrodes are disposed within an envelope within which is also disposed a photo-electric .cathode and an anode, the .arrangement being such that the 'incidence of light on the photo-cathode causes electrons to be emit ted therefrom and the impact of said electrons on the ⁇ dynode or dynodes causes secondary electrons to be emitted in greater number than the primary lelectrons whereby the electron current collected by the anode is greater than the electron current proceeding from the cathode.
  • the envelope is normally made of glass and it is sometimes found that spurious signals are set up due to the incidence on the cathode of glow light generated in the vicinity of the anode and passing along the envelope by internal reection in the wall thereof and/ or between said wall and said device or devices.
  • the dynode electrodes are sometimes supported by means of glass rods arranged parallel to the axis of the envelope and spurious eiiects may also be caused by light transmitted to the cathode via said rods from the anode end of the tube.
  • the object of the invention is to provide means for reducing these undesirable effects.
  • an electron multiplier comprises within an evacuated glass walled envelope a photoelectric cathode, at least one dynode electrode and an electron collecting anode, said envelope having a portion disposed between said cathode and said anode including light attenuating means interrupting the transmission of light within said envelope wall making multiple internal reflections therein.
  • the electron multiplier tube shown in Figure 1 is provided with a substantially cylindrical glass envelope 1 one end of which is closed by a substantially ilat transparent glass end wall 2 on the inner surface of which is provided a photo-electric cathode 3. Electrical connection to the cathode 3 is arranged by means of a contact member 4 hermetically sealed between the wall 2 and the end of the envelope 1. The other end of the envelope 1 is closed by means of a contact carrying base 5.
  • Each of the dynodes 6 comprises a box like structure 8 with the side facing the cathode covered by a wire mesh 9, the other side having a number of obliquely disposed louvres 10 each dynode 6 being provided with flanges 11 whereby a series of them can be assembled as a unitary structure by means of glass rods 12, with the louvres 10 of adjacent dynodes 6 oppositely directed 2,841,728 Patented July 1, 1958 as shown.
  • dynodes 6 are shown by way ,of example although it ⁇ will be understood that the number provided may be varied for diierent tubes depending upon the degree of amplification required.
  • the anode 7 is supported by an arm 13 sealed through the wall of the envelope 1 and electrically connected to a contact cap 14.
  • the envelope ⁇ 1 is formed with a re-entrant portion 15, the inner and/or outer surfaces of which are rendered opaque for example by painting as illustrated by the external coating 15a.
  • the glass employed for the portion 15 ofthe envelope 1 may be ⁇ of dark colour such that it will provide ⁇ a light attenuator in this region.
  • the light barrier may be formed by an annular metal ring 16 sealed into the cylindrical wall of the envelope 1.
  • Said ring 16 may, for example be made from material known by the registered trademark Kovar, the envelope 1 being made from two portions each of a glass capable of being sealed to Kovar and being sealed respectively to the two sides of the metal ring 16.
  • the ring 16 is arranged so that it projects inwardly to a sutiicient extent to intercept light which would otherwise reach the cathode 3 from the region of the anode 7 by passing along the tube between the cylindrical wall thereof and the dynodes 6 or along the glass support rods 12.
  • the metal ring 16 may be connected to the cathode 3 either internally or externally of the tube.
  • the tube is the same as that previously described in connection with Figure 1 and the component parts have been given the same reference numbers.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative construction is shown in Figure 3, in which in addition to the light barrier forming part of the envelope there is provided a further light barrier within the envelope arranged between the cathode 3 and the first dynode 6.
  • the envelope 1 of the device is of uninterrupted cylindrical form along its length from the contact base 5 to the end wall 2.
  • Supported from the glass rods 12 is a cylindrical member 17 arranged so as to substantially enclose the space between the cathode 3 and the rst dynode 6.
  • the member 17 is of metal with a diameter just slightly less than the internal diameter of the cylindrical envelope 1.
  • One end of the member 17 is arranged to be adjacent the surface of the cathode 3 the other end being provided with an inwardly directed circular flange 18 which has a circular aperture 19 to allow electrons from the cathode 3 to pass to the lrst anode 6.
  • the ends of the rods 12 which pass through the apertures in the flange 18 are covered by means of cup shaped eyelets 20 each of which is welded to the flange 18.
  • the member 17 is maintained at the potential of cathode 3 by means of an internal connecting strap 21 and in operation of the device, the electrostatic eld conditions set up by the inclusion of said member 17 between the cathode 3 and the first dynode 6 is such that a uniform withdrawal of electrons from the whole of the surface area of the cathode 3 is obtained.
  • the member 17 together with the eyelets 20 will effectively intercept'light which would otherwise reach the cathode 3 by passing along the tube between'the internal cylindrical wall thereof and the -dynodes 6, or along the glass rods 12 but will not prevent light passing to the cathode by internal reflection within the glass envelope 1. Therefore in order to complete the light barrier it is necessary to construct at least a part of the envelope 1 adjacent the end wall 2 of a light attenuating glass as indicated at 22.
  • An electron multiplier tube comprising an evacuated envelope, a photoelectric cathode therein, a plurality of dynode electrodes mounted in said envelope on a plurality of light transmitting insulating rods having ends facing said cathode, and an anode for collecting the electrons emitted by said dynodes, said envelope having a substantial portion of its body lying between said cathode and said rod ends composed of light transmitting glass, and

Landscapes

  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US278347A 1951-03-27 1952-03-25 Electron multipliers Expired - Lifetime US2841728A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB299516X 1951-03-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2841728A true US2841728A (en) 1958-07-01

Family

ID=10299856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US278347A Expired - Lifetime US2841728A (en) 1951-03-27 1952-03-25 Electron multipliers

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2841728A (de)
CH (1) CH299516A (de)
DE (1) DE1014242B (de)
FR (1) FR1053071A (de)
GB (1) GB745811A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2946910A (en) * 1953-11-09 1960-07-26 Siemens Ag Albis Infrared image converter tubes
US3039016A (en) * 1957-07-06 1962-06-12 Emi Ltd Electrodes
US3039017A (en) * 1960-04-12 1962-06-12 Clinton E Brown Image intensifier apparatus
US3119037A (en) * 1960-03-05 1964-01-21 Emi Ltd Photo-emissive devices
US3510714A (en) * 1967-05-01 1970-05-05 Research Corp Solar energy converter with trough-shaped cathode and shielded,planar anode
US4298821A (en) * 1978-09-15 1981-11-03 English Electric Valve Company Electron tube with particle trap integral with envelope wall
US4393322A (en) * 1980-08-15 1983-07-12 Warner Lambert Technologies, Inc. Image intensifier faceplate
DE4009334A1 (de) * 1990-03-23 1991-09-26 Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co Beleuchtungsanordnung zur beaufschlagung eines photomultipliers bei einem zweistrahlphotometer

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1236679B (de) * 1965-01-15 1967-03-16 Fernseh Gmbh Photozelle mit Sekundaerelektronen-Vervielfacher und mit Abschirmvorrichtungen gegen eine UEbertragung von Licht aus dem den Sekundaerelektronen-Vervielfacher enthaltenden Raum zur Photokathode
FR2546663B1 (fr) * 1983-05-25 1985-07-12 Hyperelec Tube photomultiplicateur a une dynode insensible aux champs magnetiques eleves

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2103046A (en) * 1933-09-13 1937-12-21 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2179083A (en) * 1936-08-08 1939-11-07 Aeg Electron image tube
US2231698A (en) * 1938-06-10 1941-02-11 Rca Corp Electron multiplier
US2297492A (en) * 1939-12-16 1942-09-29 Michaelis Gunter Electrical discharge device
GB597186A (en) * 1945-08-10 1948-01-20 Farnsworth Television & Radio Photoelectric cell using electron multiplication
US2732514A (en) * 1956-01-24 henderson

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE889657C (de) * 1937-05-04 1953-09-14 Fernseh Gmbh Sekundaerelektronenverstaerker
NL57179C (de) * 1939-03-28

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732514A (en) * 1956-01-24 henderson
US2103046A (en) * 1933-09-13 1937-12-21 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2179083A (en) * 1936-08-08 1939-11-07 Aeg Electron image tube
US2231698A (en) * 1938-06-10 1941-02-11 Rca Corp Electron multiplier
US2297492A (en) * 1939-12-16 1942-09-29 Michaelis Gunter Electrical discharge device
GB597186A (en) * 1945-08-10 1948-01-20 Farnsworth Television & Radio Photoelectric cell using electron multiplication

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2946910A (en) * 1953-11-09 1960-07-26 Siemens Ag Albis Infrared image converter tubes
US3039016A (en) * 1957-07-06 1962-06-12 Emi Ltd Electrodes
US3119037A (en) * 1960-03-05 1964-01-21 Emi Ltd Photo-emissive devices
US3039017A (en) * 1960-04-12 1962-06-12 Clinton E Brown Image intensifier apparatus
US3510714A (en) * 1967-05-01 1970-05-05 Research Corp Solar energy converter with trough-shaped cathode and shielded,planar anode
US4298821A (en) * 1978-09-15 1981-11-03 English Electric Valve Company Electron tube with particle trap integral with envelope wall
US4393322A (en) * 1980-08-15 1983-07-12 Warner Lambert Technologies, Inc. Image intensifier faceplate
DE4009334A1 (de) * 1990-03-23 1991-09-26 Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co Beleuchtungsanordnung zur beaufschlagung eines photomultipliers bei einem zweistrahlphotometer
DE4009334C2 (de) * 1990-03-23 2000-11-23 Perkin Elmer Bodenseewerk Zwei Beleuchtungsanordnung zur Beaufschlagung eines Photomultipliers bei einem Zweistrahlphotometer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH299516A (de) 1954-06-15
DE1014242B (de) 1957-08-22
GB745811A (en) 1956-03-07
FR1053071A (fr) 1954-01-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2433941A (en) Television transmitting tube
US3114044A (en) Electron multiplier isolating electrode structure
US3327151A (en) Light amplifier employing an electron multiplying electrode which supports a photocathode
US2908840A (en) Photo-emissive device
US2836755A (en) Electron multipliers
US3213308A (en) Ultraviolet radiation detector
US3073981A (en) Photoconductive pickup tube having an electrically isolated mesh assembly
US4100445A (en) Image output screen comprising juxtaposed doped alkali-halide crystalline rods
US3119037A (en) Photo-emissive devices
US2866914A (en) Photomultiplier
US2100259A (en) Television
US3304455A (en) Image-converter tube with output fluorescent screen assembly resiliently mounted
GB745811A (en) Improvements relating to electron multipliers
US3513345A (en) High speed electron multiplier
US2806165A (en) Cathode ray tube
US3099764A (en) Photomultiplier tube
US3109957A (en) Electron multiplying devices and circuit arrangements therefor
US2752519A (en) Method and apparatus for use in chemical evaporation processes
US2813990A (en) Electron beam discharge device
US2569654A (en) Cathode-ray tube
US3474275A (en) Image tube having a gating and focusing electrode
US2851625A (en) Image tube
US3350594A (en) Image intensifier having continuous conducting layer between porous metallic coating and luminescent layer
US3875441A (en) Electron discharge device including an electron emissive electrode having an undulating cross-sectional contour
US3567947A (en) Imaging screen assembly for image intensifier tube