Classifications

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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
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  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/086—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing sulfur atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
  • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
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  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
  • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new compositions products suitable for lubricating purposes as well as compositions suitable as additives for lubricating oils.
• Oil-soluble salts of sulphonic acids have been added to mineral oils, especially to motor lubricating oils, in order to keep in dispersion the resinous, asphaltic-, and cokelike products formed during the operation of the motor, and thus to prevent the precipitations from causing trouble in the motor.
• Numerous sulphonates are either soluble with difficulty or even immiscible in hydrocarbon oils, while others are readily soluble. Finally, there are those which only swell to a certain degree. In View of these different physical properties, only a small part of the numerous sulphonates may be added to the hydrocarbon oils in the desired amount.
• a further object of the present invention consists in improving the properties of the sulphonates desired in motor oils by supplementing their dispersing action by an improved detergent effect.
• sulphonates are more easily dissolved and mixed with lubricating oils if polyalk 'leneglycol derivatives as well as higher boiling monc-ethers are being added thereto. Furthermore it has been found that the properties of the lubricating oils obtained by such additions comply with the highest requirements of oils for internal combustion engines insofar as their lubricating qualities as well as their chemical and physical stability is concerned. Therefore, the incorporation of sai compounds in lubricating oils as prescribed by the invention is also advantageous in those cases in which the dissolv ng culties described above exist only in a ext .t, or not at all. This underlines the expediency of incorporating s-'.1l phonates in motor lubricating in general in combination with polyallzyleneglycol derivatives and higher boiling ethers.
• sulphonates refers to any salts of surface active sulphonic aci s, and p ticularly polyvalent metal salts of such sulohonic acids, Examples of such salts are so donates of line earths, such as calcium, barium, stron um, l'llflgllicllllfi, as well as sulphonates of lead, zinc, aluminum, chromium, nickel, copper, tin, and cadmium. Also alkali and ammonium salts may be used.
• chic acids suitable for this purpose Sulphonic acids wh .h are obtained by refining petroleum distillate with sulphuric acid, such as Fatented Sept. 2, 1958 ice in which R represents an alkylene radical having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, 11 represents a whole number up to 20.
• one of the groups X and Y is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl-, aryl-, aralkyl-, alkaryl-, alicyclic and acyl-radicals, while the other is selected from the class consisting of allryl-, aryl-, aralkyl, alkaryl-, alicyclic and acyl-radicals having more than 6 and preferably more than 8 carbon atoms.
• hydrocarbon radicals with more than 6 carbon atoms are the following: 2 ethylhexyl-, n-octyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecycl-, octadecyl-, and octadecenyl-radical; further alkyl-radicals of those alcohols which are obtained by hydrogenation of natural or synthetic fatty acids which are produced by reduction of carbon monoxide under normal or increased pressure by the oxosynthesis or by the oxidation of paraffin Wax; furthermore, the phenyl-, dibntylphenyl-, dodecylphenyb, naphthyl-, heptylnaphthyl-, hexadecylnaphthyl-, benzyl-, phenylethyl-, phenyloctadecyl-radical, etc; also the methylcyclohexyl-, butylcyclo
• acylradicals the acid groups of the following carbonic acids will be applicable: Capronic acid, caprinic acid, laurinic acid, myristinic acid, oleic acid, rapeseed fatty acid, castor oil fatty acid, oxystearic acid, fatty acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin wax, benzoic acid, benzylbenzcic acid, alkylbenzoic acid, phthalic acid, naphthenic acid, phenyl-stearic acid, oxyphenylstearic acid, etc.
• the viscosity-reducing eflec: oi polyalkyleneglycol derivatives upon solutions of sulphonates in hydrocarbon oils may be demonstrated by a model using turpentine substitute.
• the following experiment was carried parts by weight-of barium salt of apetroleumsulphonic acid could only be dissolved with difficulty in 100 parts by weight of a technical test gasoline (turpentine substitute) having'a flas'h point-higher than-21 C. and with 18% of aromatics.
• the solution had a viscosity'of 90.65 cat. at 50 C.
• the same ingredients were easily dissolved" in the presence 'of 4 parts of a reaction product of 1 mol. of oleinalco'hol with l'5 inol.
• the invention further 'includ'es the use of higher boiling ethers comprising at least one radical with more than 6 -carb'on atoms.
• higher boiling ethers comprising at least one radical with more than 6 -carb'on atoms.
• the presence of such ethers in the mixtures improves their storage'sta'bility.
• Theseethers are also good solvents and softening agents for resinification and other decomposition products or the liquidhydrocarbon :oils formed during the combustion process.
• the high boiling'ethers dealt with in the last paragraphs are distinctly different in so far as they contain only one, and no more than two, "oxygen atoms which have ether-like linkages within the molecule, and thus are free of polyalkylene-glycol groups.
• the high boiling ethers may be either of symmetrical or unsymmetrical structure, and they may be used either singly or in a mixture of two or more.
• Ethers from paraffin fatty alcohols or their first runnings, as well as the oxoor naphthentic alcohols are particularly suitable. derstood as meaning the first distillate of a mixture 'of'alcohols obtained from high pressure hydrogenation of paraffin fatty acids wherein the alcohols of the mixture have a chain length of 6-9 carbon atoms.
• Naphthenic acids as obtainable by raffination of mineral oils may be transformed into the corresponding naphthenic alcohols by high pressure reduction or by the process of Bouveault-Blanc. These alcohols may be easily reacted to form ethers, as, for instance, dinaphthenylether, naphthenyl-benzyland -2-ethylhexylether.
• Solutions of sulphonic acid salts in hydrocarbons according to the invention may be produced in any desired order of succession, and may thus be adapted to the requirements in each particular case.
• a mixture of sulphonate with one or more of the inventive additions may be added to a hydrocarbon or a hydro-carbon 'oil.
• first running is to be un- Also, it is possible to incorporate the inventive additions to a solution, a gel, or a suspension of sulphonates in hydrocarbons.
• the sulphonic acid salt may also be added to a solution of the inventive additions in hydrocarbons in thesame manner as mixtures of sulphonates withhydrocarbons, on the one hand, and of the inventive additions with hydrocarbons, on the other hand, may be dissolved within each other. "Often it is recommendable to carryout the mixing at higher temperatures of,.for example, 50 to 250 C., and preferably between and 200 C.
• both the polyalkyleneglycol derivatives, as well as the higher boiling ethers, both of which have been previously mentioned are to be included, either individually or combined.
• the lubricating oils compounded-as above described may, according to Ean'othcr feature of the invention, be further improved by the addition of naphthenates.
• the difficultics in 'dissolv'ingthem'do not occur in mixtures of the polyalkyleneglycol derivatives and higher boiling ethers.
• These naphthenates, and especially the basic alkaline earth naphthenates also contributein themixture according to the invention to an improved detergent, dispersing, and neutralizing effect.
• polyalkenyleneglycol 'derivatives may vary within wide limits, for example, from one percent by weight relative to sulphonate to "equal parts by weight or more.
• the particular amount --to 'be added depends upon the 'kind of sulp'honate applied, the kind of hydrocarbons used, and the desired viscosity of the solution or the degree of the desiredimpr'ovement of a motor oil..
• motor oils will be improved sufficiently by an addition of 2 to 7% of an additive consisting of the inventive combination of the mentioned additions. Very often an addition of 1% will be found to 'suflice, whereas in certain special cases up to 25% or more of such an additive will be of advantage.
• EXAMPLE 1 From the watery solution of the sodium salt of a pctroleum sulphoacid with the average molecular weight of 325 to which calcium chloride was added, the corresponding calcium salt was produced. After drying the same, an attempt was made to dissolve 10 parts of this calcium salt at a temperature of 100 to C. in 200 parts by weight of a lubricating oil of a specific gravity at 20 C. of 0.882, a viscosity index of 81, a coking number according to Conradson of 0.11, and-without any gasoline-insoluble constituents. After cooling, however, a partial separation of the calcium salt again occurred.
• EXAMPLE 2 The calcium salt was formed of a Twitchell sulphonic acid which had been obtained in a known manner by a sulphonizing condensation of 1 mol. of oleic acid, 1 mol. of naphthalene, and 6 mol. of fuming sulphuric acid. 30 parts of such calcium salt, which otherwise is practically oil-insoluble, were stirred at 90 C. into a mixture of 650 parts of a parafiin base motor oil having a viscosity of 61 est. 50 C., viscosity index of 100, 30 parts of octadecenylhexapropyleneglycolether and five parts of di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol as an inhibitor. A motor oil was thus formed of high lubricating quality which strongly suppresses the normal wear and tear of the engine as compared with analogous oils. Furthermore, when such compounded oil was in use, it had a strong dispersing effect upon residues of combustion.
• EXAMPLE 4 5% of an additive consisting of was dissolved in the oil described in detail in Example 3 and subjected to a practical test in a passenger car of the Volkswagen type, wherein the test conditions and oil change periods were the same as mentioned in Example l. Also in this case, all piston rings were found to be freely movable after the test. However, as compared with Example 3, the ring grooves were practically spotless, whereas parts of the piston skirt and the inside of the piston looked darker.
• Viscosity at 20 C 460 cst. Viscosity at 98.9 C 10 est. Viscosity ndex 1 44. Solidifying point 19 C. Flash point 237 C., and
• barium saltfofla 20 parts of barium saltfofla; monoalkylbenzolsulphouic acid (moleculanweight approx; 360-) 30 parts of bariurndinaphtlienate;
• R is an' alkylne radical having a minimum of 2 and a maximumof'3 carbonatoms
• n is a' w'hole number betweenil and 20
• Y is an alkyl radical having at least 12 carbon atoms
• a high boiling-mono ether having a total of at least 12 carbon atoms and at least one of the radicalsof whichhas more than 6' carbon atoms
• said polyalkylene glycol derivative being present in. anv amount of 1% to equal the weight of said sulfonic acid-salt and said polyalkylne glycol derivative and said high boiling other being present-in an amount suffi cient to cause dissolution of said'sulfonic acid salt in a lubricating oil.
• A- new product consisting essentially'ofahydro carbon lubricating oillhaving dissolvedthere'in atleast one metal salt of a-surfaceactive sulphonic acid of at least 8 carbon atoms -in an amount sufficientto prevent deposition of resins, asphaltsand carbon in the oil, at least-onep'olyalkylene glycol derivative having the following'general formula:
• aralkyl, alkaryl and acyl radicals having at least 6 carbon atoms in an amount of 1% to equal the weight of said sulphonic acid salt, and at least 1 high boiling mono ether having a total of at least 12 carbon atoms and at least one of the radicals of which has at least 6 carbon atoms, said sulfonic acid salt, said polyalkylene glycol derivative and said high boiling ether being present in an amount of 27% of said product and in an amount suflicient of said polyalkylene glycol derivative and said high boiling ether to form a solution of said sulphonic acid salt in said lubricating oil, said polyaikylene glycol derivative and said high boiling ether being present in an amount of 1-25 of said product.
• a new product consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil having dissolved therein at least one metal salt of a surface active sulphonic acid of at least 8 carbon atoms and at least one salt of a naphthenic acid in an amount suflicient to prevent deposition of resins, asphalts and carbon in the oil, at least one polyalkylene glycol derivative having the following general formula:
• R is an alkylene radical having a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 3 carbon atoms, 11 is a whole number between 1 and 20, and wherein one of the groups X and Y is hydrogen and the other of said groups X and Y is selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and acyl radicals having at least 6 carbon atoms, and at least 1 high boiling mono ether having a total of at least 12 carbon atoms and at least one of the radicals of which has at least 6 carbon atoms, said polyalkylene glycol derivative and said high boiling ether being present in an amount sufficient to form a solution of said sulphonic acid salt and said naphthenic acid salt in said lubricating oil and to maintain said sulphonic acid and naphthenic acid salts in solution, thereby increasing the dispersing power for resins, asphalts and carbon of said sulphonic acid and naphthenic acid salts.
• a new product consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil having dissolved therein at least one alkaline earth salt of a surface active sulphonic acid of at least 8 carbon atoms in an amount sufi'icient to prevent deposition of resins, asphalts and carbon in the oil, at least one polyalkylene glycol derivative having the following general formula:
• R is an alkylene radical having a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 3 carbon atoms, 11 is a whole number between 1 and 20, and wherein one of the groups X and Y is hydrogen and the other of said groups X and Y is selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and acyl radicals having at least 6 carbon atoms, and at least 1 high boiling mono ether having a total of at least 12 carbon atoms and at least one of the radicals of which has at least 6 carbon atoms, said polyalkylene glycol derivative being present in an amount of 1% to equal the weight of said sulfonic acid salt and said sulfonic acid salt, said polyalkylene glycol derivative and high boiling ether being present in an amount of 125% of said product and in an amount sufficient of said polyalkylene glycol derivative and said high boiling ether to form a solution of said sulphonic acid salt in said lubricating oil.
• composition of matter suitable as an additive for hydrocarbon lubricating oils consisting essentially of at least one metal salt of a surface active sulphonic acid of at least 8 carbon atoms, at least one polyalkylene glycol derivative having the following general formula:
• R is an alkylene radical having a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 3 carbon atoms
• n is a whole number between 1 and 20
• one of the groups X and Y is hydrogen and the other of said groups X and Y is selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and acyl radicals having at least 6 carbon atoms, and at least 1 high boiling monoether having a total of at least 12 carbon atoms and at least one of the radicals of which has at least 6 carbon atoms
• said polyalkylene glycol derivative being present in an amount of 1% to equal the weight of said sulfonic acid salt and said polyalkylene glycol derivative and high boiling ether being present in an amount sufiicient to cause dissolution of said sulphonic acid salt in a hydrocarbon lubricating oil.
• composition of matter suitable as an additive for hydrocarbon lubricating oils consisting essentially of at least one metal salt of a surface active sulphonic acid of at least 8 carbon atoms, at least one salt of a naphthenic acid, at least one polyalkylene glycol derivative having the following general formula:
• R is an alkylene radical having a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 3 carbon atoms
• n is a whole number between 1 and 20
• one of the groups X and Y is hydrogen and the other of said groups X and Y is selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and acyl radicals having at least 6 carbon atoms, and at least 1 high boiling monoether having a total of at least 12 carbon atoms and at least one of the radicals of which has at least 6 carbon atoms
• said polyalkylene glycol derivative being present in an amount of 1% to equal the weight of said sulfonic acid salt and said polyalkylene glycol derivative and high boiling ether being present in an amount sufficient to cause dissolution of said sulphonic acid salt and said naphthenic acid salt in a hydrocarbon lubricating oil.

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• 1953
  • 1953-07-07 DE DER19033A patent/DE1013026B/de active Pending
• 1954
  • 1954-07-01 CH CH330830D patent/CH330830A/de unknown
  • 1954-07-06 US US441664A patent/US2850455A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1954-07-07 GB GB19955/54A patent/GB792703A/en not_active Expired

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