US2853728A - Dispenser-applicator for liquid containers - Google Patents

Dispenser-applicator for liquid containers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2853728A
US2853728A US653498A US65349857A US2853728A US 2853728 A US2853728 A US 2853728A US 653498 A US653498 A US 653498A US 65349857 A US65349857 A US 65349857A US 2853728 A US2853728 A US 2853728A
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United States
Prior art keywords
applicator
liquid
membrane
inlay
disc
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US653498A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nadai Alexander
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to US653498A priority Critical patent/US2853728A/en
Priority to CH5846058A priority patent/CH362488A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2853728A publication Critical patent/US2853728A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/42—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices with pads or like contents-applying means

Definitions

  • An object of the present invention is the provision of a liquid applicator in the nature of an insert for insertion into the mouth of a bottle containing the liquid to be dispensed, the applicator being constructed to serve as a closure for the bottle and to dispense a small, regulated amount of liquid in the desired quantity.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a liquid applicator of the character describedwhich can be easily modified to dispense liquid of various viscosities or having different absorption properties.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a liquid applicator of the character described which contains a porous flexible inlay member and a porous flexible applicator membrane normally separated by an air space, the applicator membrane being adapted to operate as a pump to draw liquid into the inlay member.
  • Fig. l is an exploded elevation of the applicator insert made in accordance with the present invention, the'insert body being shown in its original form before the porous disc and membrane are inserted;
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a portion of a bottle containing the assembled applicator of the invention, the bottle being shown in inverted position;
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section similar to Fig. 2, but showing the applicator pressed against the skin surfaceand the bottle in an upright but tilted position; and i Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the upper portion of a bottle containing the applicator and having a closure cap attached thereto, the closure cap being shown in section.
  • the applicator insert comprises a body portion 10 preferably made of a thermo-plastic material.
  • the body portion 10 is initially molded integrally in the form shown in Fig. 1 and constitutes a lower tubular portion 12 closed off at its top by a transverse wall 14.
  • the Wall 14 has an upstanding integral annular rib 16 which is of reduced thickness at its upper end. Extending outwardly from the rib 16 is an integral extension 14a of Wall 14 which terminates in an upstanding outer flange 18.
  • the wall extension 14a projects outwardly of the central depending tubular portion 12 and defines a transverse shoulder 20.
  • the transverse wall 14 has a central through aperture or opening 22 which is also centered within the depending tube 12.
  • a circular disc 24 of porous material is inserted within the chamber formed between the wall of the upstanding annular rib 16.
  • the disc 24 is sized to fit snugly within the rib 16, and is made of a flexible material, preferably a plastic foam. It has been found that best results are obtained from the use of during use of the applicator, as will be presently described in greater detail.
  • the thin upper portion of the upstanding rib 16 is heated and bent or peened over to provide a peripheral top bight 26, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • This top bight 26 overlies the marginal edge of the disc 24 and retains said disc securely in its seated position in the central chamber formed by the annular rib 26, the disc 24 lying flush against the transverse wall 14.
  • a larger circular disc 28 is placed across the top of the insert body portion 10 and its outer circumferential portion is bent downwardly and inserted into the channel 30 formed between the inner annular rib 16 and outer flange 18, and closed at its bottom by the wall extension 14a.
  • the upper portion of the flange 18 is then heated and peened over to form a top bight 32 which grasps the marginal portion of the disc 28 and securely holds the latter in its mounted position.
  • the disc 28 is preferably made of the same material as the disc or inlay 24, that is, of neoprene foam, so that it is flexible, resilient, absorbent and capable of being saturated.
  • the disc 28 acts as an applicator membrane through which the dispensed liquid may pass for distribution to the skin surface by direct application of the outer surface of the disc or membrane 28 to said skin surface.
  • the bight 26 formed in the rib 16 provides an air-tight and liquid-tight seal around th circumference of the disc or inlay 24, while similarly, the bight 32 in flange 18 forms a seal around the circumference of disc or membrane 28.
  • the insert body 10 is thus sealed against leakage of the liquid therethrough, with the exception of the controlled liquid which will penetrate the porous bodies of discs 24 and 28 for selective application to the skin.
  • top bight 26 of the inner annular rib 16 projects above the top surface of the disc or inlay 24.
  • the bight 26 thus also acts as a spacer element, causing the outer disc or membrane 28 to assume a convex shape and providing an air space 34 between the lower surface of disc 28 and the upper surface of disc 24.
  • the discs 24 and 28' are thus normally spaced from each other by the air space 34.
  • Theassembled insert is intended to be used in connection with a liquid container; for' example thebottle 40.
  • the bottle 40 has a threaded neck 42 and is intended to hold a quantity of liquid 44 to be dispensed, for example a liquid deodorant, cologne, shaving lotion; or the like.
  • the depending tubular portion12'of theinsert' body issized to be press-fit withinthe neck of the bottle 40 with the projecting shoulder 20overlying the mouth of said bottle, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the lower end portion 36 of the depending tubular insert portion 12 is molded with a downwardly-decreasing diameter and is made of lesser thickness than the remainder of the insert body'so as to have an increased flexibility.
  • the bottle 40" is initially tilted and the outer porous disc or membrane28pressed against'the skin surface toiwhich'the liquid is to .be applied; As shown in Fig. 3, such'pressure of the membrane 28 against the skin surface S, causes the flexible membrane 28 to bend inwardly until it is pressed against the inner disc'or inlay 2'4. Pressureoflthe outer disc28 against the inner disc 24, squeezes liquid” from the latter, which liquid is absorbedin, and passes through the disc 28 to the outer surface thereof; from whence it'is applied to the skin surface S. As the outer disc'or membrane 28is pressed against the skin surface S, it is also drawn along the skin surface in a rubbing or wiping stroke, so'that the liquid transferred to the membrane 28'is distributed to the skin in a fine film or layer.
  • the bottle 40 in application of the liquid, the bottle 40 is normally held in an inclined or inverted position so that the liquid 44-therein is in contact with the transverse wall 14 and its opening 22.
  • the outer disc or membrane 28 al In applying the wiping applicationstrokes to the skin surface, the outer disc or membrane 28 al ternately compresses the inner disc or membrane 24v and re turns to its position spaced fromthe inlay 24,.performing a pumping action, which will presently be explained, and drawing liquid through the opening 22 to maintain the inner disc or inlay 24 in a saturated or partially saturated condition.
  • the liquid is thus distributed to the skin in an extremely controlled manner, since no more liquid canpass through the outer disc or membrane 28than can be absorbed and held by the saturated inner disc or inlay 24.
  • the normal manner of manipulating the bottle during application is to wipe the outer disc or membrane 28 against the skin surface in a succession of strokesin the same direction. That is to say, the membrane 28 is wiped in one direction along the skin surface, is then lifted, and brought back to approximately its original position, and is then wiped in a succeeding stroke in the same direction.
  • the outer membrane or disc 28 because of its resilience, assumes its original convex shape in which it is spaced from the inner disc or inlay 24, again forming the air space 34.
  • a vacuum or low pressure area is thus created in the space 34 because of the previous compression of the disc 24," and liquid is thus drawn through the aperture 22 into the porous disc 24, causing the latter to again become saturated for the next application stroke.
  • This pump operation is made possible when. the bottle 40 is held in a horizontal or downwardly-inclined position during application, with the liquid 44 in contact with the aperture 22.
  • a particular advantage of the applicator' is its ability to be used with the bottle in an upright position, as shown in Fig. 3," as, for example, in the application of a'liquid deodorant beneath the arms.
  • the porous inner disc or inlay 24- is capable of absorbing suflicient liquid to provide an effective application of the liquid to the skin when the bottle is in upright position.
  • the inlay 24 is made small and of relatively small width so as to avoid too great a supply of liquid from being transferred to the outer membrane 28, and consequently avoiding dripping or uncontrolled application of the liquid;
  • the applicator may be modified by simply varying the relative thicknesses of the porous discs 24 and 28.
  • Some liquids to be dispensed may be of relatively greater viscosity or maybe less capable of absorption in the porous discs than others.
  • the outer disc or membrane 28 may be made of relatively lesserthickness so as to be more readily permeable by the: liquid. It may, also be desirable to make the outer disc or membrane 28. of appreciably greater thickness than the :inner disc or membrane 24. In such an event, greater pressure is required to press the outer disc 28 inwardly. from its normal convex shape into engagement with the inner disc ortinlay 24, and this added pressure has-the effect ofdistributing a greater amount of liquid to the skin surface with each application stroke.
  • a thin sheet of knitted or woven fabric 38 maybe usedto cover over the outer surface of the disc or membrane.28.
  • This'fabric sheet 38 is originally inserted over the disc-28 and is held at its outer edges by the peened over bight32 of the flange 18.
  • the fabric sheet 38 provides a smooth applicator surface which may be desirable insome instances for rubbing application against the skinusurface, and may be made of a tough synthetic'fabric which'has-abrasion resistance to prevent wear on theapplicator membrane.
  • the bottle 40 is provided with a closure cap 46, shown in Fig. 4, having-internal threading 48 for attachment to the externally threaded bottle neck 42.
  • the inner surface of the cap top wall is provided with a central concavity 50 bordered by a shoulder 52.
  • the cap 46 is screwed to its mounted position, the outer disc or membrane 28 and its fabric covering38 are containedwithin the c0ncavity50, while the shoulder 52 makes firm contact with the top surface of the insert bight 32 and thereby provides an air-tight seal around the membrane 28.
  • the applicator may thus be tightly sealed by insertion of the cap 46, and the membrane 28 and inlay 24 will remain moistand ready for the next application.
  • the air space 34 prevents the liquid from contacting the outer membrane 28.
  • the applicator andbottle may be'laid on its side and even inverted, butthe inlay 24, oncehaving become saturated, will not absorb any further liquid, and the liquid will not drip out of'the inlay 24 and cross the air space 3 4 to the outer membrane 28.
  • the membrane 28 will not contain an over-supply of liquid and will always be ready for efiicient use in applying a controlled layer of liquid.
  • the provision of 'the single small opening 22in the transverse wall 14- prevents liquid from flowing through the wall 14 into contact with the inner disc or inlay 24 when the applicator is stored or shipped "ina horizontal position.
  • This is ofimportancc in' those instances in which, in manufacture, the porous inlay 24 is cut thin and may have a through hole therein.
  • the use of a single opening '22 prevents the liquid, in shipment or storage, from flowing into-the inlay 24 and through its hole'(not shown) into the air space 34. In use, the inlay is compressed, closing up its through hole and preventing direct flow of the liquid therethrough.
  • An applicator insert for liquid containers having a neck comprising a body including a depending tubular portion sized to fit snugly within the container neck, a transverse wall extending across the top of said tubular portion and having a single opening therein, a flat relatively thin inlay member of porous, flexible, liquid permeable material mounted in said insert above said transverse wall opening and communicating therewith, whereby the inlay member is adapted to absorb liquid from the, container, and a flat relatively thin applicator membrane of resilient, flexible, and porous, material mounted above said inlay member in normally spaced relationship thereto, said applicator membrane being depressible into abutment with the porous inlay member upon pressing application of the membrane to a skin surface, whereby liquid absorbed by the inlay member is squeezed through said membrane to the skin surface.
  • An applicator insert for liquid containers having a neck comprising a body including a depending tubular portion sized to fit snugly within the container neck, a transverse wall extending across the top of said tubular portion and having a single opening therein, an inner wall upstanding from the transverse wall and defining a central chamber in communication with said transverse wall opening, a flat inlay member contained within said central chamber, the top end of said inner wall having a bight engaging the marginal edge of said inlay member and forming an air-tight seal therearound, an outer wall upstanding from said transverse wall and spaced outwardly from said inner wall, and a porous, flexible applicator membrane mounted above and extending over said inlay member in normally spaced relationship thereto, the top end of said outer wall having a bight engaging the marginal edge of said inlay member and forming an air-tight seal therearound, the bight of said inner wall extending above the top surface of said inlay member and maintaining the applicator membrane normally spaced above said inlay member, said
  • a liquid applicator assembly comprising, in combination, a container capable of holding a supply of liquid and having an externally threaded neck, an applicator closing off the neck of said container, and a closure cap for said container, said applicator comprising a body member including-a transverse wall extending across said container neck and having a single opening therein, a flat, relatively thin porous, flexible inlay member mounted on said body member above said transverse wall and communicating with said wall opening, and a flat, relatively thin, porous, flexible applicator membrane mounted on said body member above said inlay member and normally spaced therefrom, said inlay member being positioned and adapted to absorb liquid from the container, said applicator membrane being depressible into abutment with the porous inlay member upon pressing application of the membrane to a skin surface, whereby liquid absorbed by the inlay member is squeezed therefrom and transferred tothe applicator membrane and through said membrane to the skin surface, said closure cap being internally threaded for removable mounting on said container neck and being sized to cover said applic
  • a liquid applicator according to claim 5 in which a portion of the applicator body member projects laterally outward from the edge of said applicator membrane, the closure cap having an inner concavity sized to receive the applicator membrane therein and an inner shoulder bordering said concavity, said shoulder being positioned to abut said laterally-projecting portion of the applicator body member for providing a seal around said applicator membrane in the mounted position of said closure cap.
  • An applicator insert for liquid containers having a neck comprising a body including a depending tubular portion sized to fit snugly within the container neck, a transverse wall extending across the top of said tubular portion and having a single opening therein, a porous, flexible inlay member resting on the outer surface of said transverse wall and covering said opening, said inlay member being positioned and adapted to absorb liquid from the container, and a porous, flexible applicator membrane mounted above said inlay member in normally spaced relationship thereto, said applicator membrane being depressible into abutment with the porous inlay member upon pressing application of the membrane to a skin surface, whereby liquid absorbed by the inlay member is squeezed therefrom and transferred to the applicator membrane and through said membrane to the skin surface.
  • Dispensing means for use with a container capable of holding a supply of liquid and having an outlet, comprising an inlay member, an applicatormembrane, both the inlay member and applicator membrane being flat, relatively thin, and of a porous, flexible, liquid permeable material, means for mounting the inlay member on the container, said mounting means including a transverse wall extending across the container outlet and having a single opening therein, the mounting means retaining the inlay member in seated position on'the transverse wall in communication with said single opening whereby the inlay member is adapted to be saturated with liquid from the container, and means for mounting the applicator membrane above said inlay member and normally spaced therefrom, said applicator membrane being flexible, resilient, and liquid permeable, and being depressible into abutment with said inlay member upon pressing application of said dispensing means to a skin surface, whereby liquid is squeezed from said inlay member and transferred to the applicator membrane and through said membrane to the skin surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US653498A 1957-04-17 1957-04-17 Dispenser-applicator for liquid containers Expired - Lifetime US2853728A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US653498A US2853728A (en) 1957-04-17 1957-04-17 Dispenser-applicator for liquid containers
CH5846058A CH362488A (de) 1957-04-17 1958-04-16 Auf einen Behälter aufsetzbare Auftragsvorrichtung für Flüssigkeiten

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US653498A US2853728A (en) 1957-04-17 1957-04-17 Dispenser-applicator for liquid containers

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Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2999266A (en) * 1959-08-19 1961-09-12 Speedry Chemical Products Inc Marking devices
US3006024A (en) * 1957-05-27 1961-10-31 Nelson Co Marking device
US3080197A (en) * 1960-05-02 1963-03-05 Deutsch Simon Method of manufacture of a liquid applicator
US3090060A (en) * 1958-04-09 1963-05-21 Goddard & Sons Ltd J Intermittent fountain feed polish applicator with composite head
US3121905A (en) * 1961-01-19 1964-02-25 Shapiro Samuel Applicator tip improvements
US3129452A (en) * 1962-12-03 1964-04-21 Glide O Matic Corp Dauber having an internal compressed body
US3132370A (en) * 1962-06-14 1964-05-12 Carter S Ink Co Sealable liquid-dispensing applicator
US3133308A (en) * 1962-03-29 1964-05-19 House For Men Inc Applicator
US3133309A (en) * 1962-03-30 1964-05-19 Colgate Palmolive Co Dispensing applicator
US3192553A (en) * 1963-03-21 1965-07-06 Glide O Matic Corp Dauber having spherical valve head
US3471245A (en) * 1967-09-20 1969-10-07 Gilbert Schwartzman Applicator construction
US3807881A (en) * 1972-08-03 1974-04-30 Menley & James Labor Ltd Cosmetic applicator
US4027986A (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-06-07 Patrick Stanley R Herbicide applicator
US5230579A (en) * 1991-06-19 1993-07-27 Carter-Wallace, Inc. Porous dome applicator with push/pull cap
USD484794S1 (en) 2002-09-10 2004-01-06 Revlon Consumer Products Corporation Container and applicator
US20040047672A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-11 Melissa Jamie Miczewski Packaged hair color composition and method for coloring hair
US20040047674A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-11 Glenn Robert Geardino Container for storing and dispensing flowable products
US20050135867A1 (en) * 2003-10-13 2005-06-23 Gueret Jean-Louis H. Substance packaging and applicator device
US20070044249A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2007-03-01 Lisowski Donna J Methods and Kits for Touching up Hair Color
US20070134051A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Todd Michael D Fluid applicators and methods of using same
US20110123958A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-05-26 Remigio Piergallini Device for personal use in phototherapy
US9096352B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2015-08-04 RLM Group Ltd. Enhanced dispensing and dosaging techniques for fluid containers
US9296525B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2016-03-29 RLM Group Ltd. Enhanced dispensing and dosaging techniques for fluid containers
US10555592B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2020-02-11 Symbiotec Pharma Lab Pvt. Ltd. Application for topical composition
EP3757192A1 (de) 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Merck Patent GmbH Flüssigkristallines medium
US11090506B2 (en) * 2018-05-15 2021-08-17 Omm Imports, Inc. Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care
US20250033401A1 (en) * 2023-07-28 2025-01-30 BIC Violex Single Member S.A. Porous cap felt pen
WO2025190996A1 (en) 2024-03-15 2025-09-18 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8805927U1 (de) * 1988-04-29 1988-06-23 Schering Ag, 13353 Berlin Applikator zur Behandlung der Haut

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2594729A (en) * 1948-07-28 1952-04-29 Leslie R N Carvalho Cleaning fluid container and applicator

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2594729A (en) * 1948-07-28 1952-04-29 Leslie R N Carvalho Cleaning fluid container and applicator

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3006024A (en) * 1957-05-27 1961-10-31 Nelson Co Marking device
US3090060A (en) * 1958-04-09 1963-05-21 Goddard & Sons Ltd J Intermittent fountain feed polish applicator with composite head
US2999266A (en) * 1959-08-19 1961-09-12 Speedry Chemical Products Inc Marking devices
US3080197A (en) * 1960-05-02 1963-03-05 Deutsch Simon Method of manufacture of a liquid applicator
US3121905A (en) * 1961-01-19 1964-02-25 Shapiro Samuel Applicator tip improvements
US3133308A (en) * 1962-03-29 1964-05-19 House For Men Inc Applicator
US3133309A (en) * 1962-03-30 1964-05-19 Colgate Palmolive Co Dispensing applicator
US3132370A (en) * 1962-06-14 1964-05-12 Carter S Ink Co Sealable liquid-dispensing applicator
US3129452A (en) * 1962-12-03 1964-04-21 Glide O Matic Corp Dauber having an internal compressed body
US3192553A (en) * 1963-03-21 1965-07-06 Glide O Matic Corp Dauber having spherical valve head
US3471245A (en) * 1967-09-20 1969-10-07 Gilbert Schwartzman Applicator construction
US3807881A (en) * 1972-08-03 1974-04-30 Menley & James Labor Ltd Cosmetic applicator
US4027986A (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-06-07 Patrick Stanley R Herbicide applicator
US5230579A (en) * 1991-06-19 1993-07-27 Carter-Wallace, Inc. Porous dome applicator with push/pull cap
US20050039272A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2005-02-24 Revlon Consumer Products Corporation Packaged hair color composition and method for coloring hair
US20040047674A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-11 Glenn Robert Geardino Container for storing and dispensing flowable products
US6835018B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2004-12-28 Revlon Consumer Products Corporation Packaged hair color composition and method for coloring hair
USD484794S1 (en) 2002-09-10 2004-01-06 Revlon Consumer Products Corporation Container and applicator
US6981814B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2006-01-03 Redlon Consumer Products Corporation Container for storing and dispensing flowable products
US20040047672A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-11 Melissa Jamie Miczewski Packaged hair color composition and method for coloring hair
US20050135867A1 (en) * 2003-10-13 2005-06-23 Gueret Jean-Louis H. Substance packaging and applicator device
US20070134051A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Todd Michael D Fluid applicators and methods of using same
US7988376B2 (en) * 2005-12-12 2011-08-02 Thistledown Farms Llc Fluid applicators and methods of making same
US20070044249A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2007-03-01 Lisowski Donna J Methods and Kits for Touching up Hair Color
US9808646B2 (en) * 2009-10-27 2017-11-07 Klox Technologies Inc. Device for personal use in phototherapy
US20110123958A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-05-26 Remigio Piergallini Device for personal use in phototherapy
US9096352B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2015-08-04 RLM Group Ltd. Enhanced dispensing and dosaging techniques for fluid containers
US9296525B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2016-03-29 RLM Group Ltd. Enhanced dispensing and dosaging techniques for fluid containers
US10555592B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2020-02-11 Symbiotec Pharma Lab Pvt. Ltd. Application for topical composition
US11090506B2 (en) * 2018-05-15 2021-08-17 Omm Imports, Inc. Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care
US20220032082A1 (en) * 2018-05-15 2022-02-03 Omm Imports, Inc. Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care
US11752358B2 (en) * 2018-05-15 2023-09-12 OMM Imports Inc. Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care
EP3757192A1 (de) 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Merck Patent GmbH Flüssigkristallines medium
US20250033401A1 (en) * 2023-07-28 2025-01-30 BIC Violex Single Member S.A. Porous cap felt pen
US12479232B2 (en) * 2023-07-28 2025-11-25 BIC Violex Single Member S.A. Porous cap felt pen
WO2025190996A1 (en) 2024-03-15 2025-09-18 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH362488A (de) 1962-06-15

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