US2855569A - Phase shifter - Google Patents

Phase shifter Download PDF

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Publication number
US2855569A
US2855569A US548357A US54835755A US2855569A US 2855569 A US2855569 A US 2855569A US 548357 A US548357 A US 548357A US 54835755 A US54835755 A US 54835755A US 2855569 A US2855569 A US 2855569A
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United States
Prior art keywords
output
resonator
phase shifter
coupling
input
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Expired - Lifetime
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US548357A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sichak William
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TDK Micronas GmbH
International Telephone and Telegraph Corp
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Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
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Priority to US548357A priority Critical patent/US2855569A/en
Priority to FR71805D priority patent/FR71805E/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/04—Coaxial resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/183—Coaxial phase-shifters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to microwave phase shifters and more particularly to a high-speed continuous rotary phase shifter providing two outputs which are conjugate.
  • phase shifters are needed, generally, for such applications as shifting the angular position of an antenna radiation beam.
  • various means and methods of shifting the phase of an output wave with respect to the input wave have been proposed.
  • microwave phase shift arrangements capable of relatively high power transmission generally com: prised circular waveguide structures, an input antenna for radiating a circularly polarized wave through the waveguide and an output antenna to receive the transmitted wave. As one or both of the antennas is caused to rotate about a given axis, the transmitted electromagnetic energy is shifted in phase when received at the output antenna.
  • These prior art arrangements become extremely large for some applications when scaled down for frequencies of 1,000 me. or lower and have no real practical usefulness. For example, at 100 mc., a wavelength is approximately ten feet and a half wavelength is approximately five feet.
  • the diameter be in excess of one-half wavelength, and thus the cut-ofi diameter would be five feet at 100 mc. and the preferable diameter would be seven feet with a correspondingly greater length.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a phase shifter which utilizes a coaxial resonator having a practical physical dimension and weight at microwave frequencies below 1,000 mc.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a phase shifter providing two output signals which are in a conjugate relationship, that is, equal in magnitude but, with equal and opposite phases.
  • a feature of this invention is the provision of a cavity resonator of the coaxial type, means to couple continuous signal energy to the resonator and a pair of output coupling means for the resonator disposed in orthogonal relation to each other.
  • the output coupling means are synchronously rotated in the same direction tojproduce signals at the output coupling means respectively varying in accordance with the sine and cosine of the angle of rotation of the pair of output coupling means.
  • the sine and cosine varying output signals are coupled through output lines which differ by a quarter wavelength to two terminals of a four-terminal network of the bridge or hybrid type to combine these signals in a manner to provide two signal outputs from the other terminals of the four-terminal network which are in a conjugate relationship.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of one form of phase shifter following the principles of this invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one form of cavity resonator which may be utilized in the phase shifter of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along 3-3 of Fig. 2, and
  • Fig. 4 illustrates equivalent circuit diagrams of the phase shifter of this invention.
  • the phase shifter of this invention is illustrated diagrammatically as comprising an input line 1 coupling wave energy in any convenient manner to resonator 2.
  • Resonator 2 provides two output signals, one of which varies as cosine 0, where 0 equals the angle of rotation of the output coupling means, and the other of which varies as sine 0.
  • These outputs are connected to opposite ends of a four-terminal combining network 3, illustrated diagrammatically herein to be a bridge or hybrid junction type waveguide network, through transmission lines 4 and 5 that differ in length by a quarter wavelength at the mean operating frequency of the phase shifter.
  • line 5 is coupled to the output varying in accordance with sine 0 and has a length greater than line 4 by one-quarter wavelength.
  • network 3 has coupled thereto at one input terminal a voltage varying as cosine 0 and at the other input terminal a voltage varying as sine 0.
  • Network 3 includes four legs or arms 7, 8, 9 and 10 of waveguide configuration. Three of these legs are of equal length while the fourth leg has a length one-half a wavelength longer than the other three legs at the mean operating frequency of the phase shifter.
  • leg 10 is one-half a wavelength longer than the length of legs 7, 8 and 9.
  • the cosine varying input at terminal 11 is coupled along legs 7 and 8 to the output terminals 12 and 13, respectively.
  • the 1' sine varying input at terminal 6 is coupled along leg 9. to output terminal 13 for addition with the cosine varying voltage.
  • the j sine varying input is coupled along leg 10 to output terminal 12 for subtraction from the cosine varying voltage. The subtraction results since leg.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 there is illustrated in cross-section one form of cavity resonator which may be utilized as resonator 2 of Fig. 1.
  • Resonator 2 is illustrated as comprising a coaxial cavity resonator 14 of the reentrant cylindrical type, but it is to be understood that other types of coaxial resonators may be employed.
  • This reentrant type of coaxial resonator may be considered as a coaxial line having a short circuit 15 between the inner conductor 16 and the outer conductor 17 at one end thereof and a capacitive load at the other end thereof between inner conductor 16 and plate 18 disposed to close outer conductor 17.
  • the coaxial-type cavity resonator is the most practical for those frequencies below 1,000 mc.
  • the resonator of Fig. 2 need be only a quarter wavelength which at mc. is two and one-half feet long and has a diameter 3 comparable with the diameter of standard coaxial cables, or roughly one inch.
  • the outer conductor 17 of resonator 14 is provided with an input aperture 19 and two output apertures 20 and 21. As illustrated, output apertures 20 and 2 1 are disposed substantially on the same diameter and input aperture 19 is disposed on a diameter substantially perpendicular to the diameter on which are disposed apertures 20 and. 21.
  • the input line 1 comprising a coaxial transmission line 22 is received in aperture19 and secured to the edge thereof.
  • the center conductor of transmission line 22 is extended into resonator 14 and formed into a loop 23 or another form of coupling probe. Through the means of loop 23, continuous wave energy is coupled into resonator 14.
  • Output apertures 20 and 21 have fitted therein bearings 24 and 25, respectively, such as oilite or graphited-bronze bearings, to rotatably receive coaxial transmission line sections 26 and 27.
  • Sections 26 and 27 are coupled to transmission lines 4 and 5, respectively, by rotary joints 28 and 29.
  • Rotary joints 28 and 29 may be any conventional rotary joint permitting continuous rotation of sections 26 and 27 in either direction about the longitudinal axis thereof which provide a good impedance match for all rotations and minimize the R.F. leakage from the rotation components to prevent interference with the succeeding equipment and to prevent damage from sparking to the moving mechanical parts.
  • the center conductors of sections 26 and 27 are each formed to provide a loop-type coupling probe as indicated at 30 and 31.
  • Loops 39 and 31 are oriented 90 degrees apart or in orthogonal relationship as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • Sections 26 and 27 and their associated coupling loops 30 and 31 are synchronously rotated in the same direction by means of motor 32 and mechanical linkages 33 and 34.
  • the signal coupled by rotating loop 30 from resonator 14 will follow a cosine law with rotation and the signal coupled by rotating loop 31 from resonator 14 will follow a sine law with rotation.
  • the cosine and sine 0 varying outputs will be acted upon as discussed with respect to Fig. 1 to provide two phase shifted outputs which are in a conjugate relationship with each other.
  • Fig. 4 there is illustrated the schematic representation 35 of the circuit of Fig. l and its equivalent circuit form 36, ignoring resonator losses which affect only the insertion loss.
  • the value of the resistors in the equivalent circuit 36 is obtained by recalling from elementary physics that the resistance on one side of a coupling transformer is equal to the square of the turns t ratio times the resistance on the other side of the transformer.
  • n the coupling from the generator
  • n the coupling from the cavity into one output path which is proportional to sin 0
  • n the coupling from the cavity into the other output path which is proportional to cos 0. Therefore, we will obtain the resistance values as shown in equivalent circuit 36 from the schematic circuit 35.
  • a phase shifter comprising a cavity resonator, means to couple signal energy to said resonator, a pair of output coupling means for said resonator disposed in orthogonal relation to each other, means to synchronously rotate said coupling means in the same direction to produce signal energy outputs varying in accordance with the sine and cosine of the angle of rotation at said pair of output coupling means, respectively, and means to combine the output signal energy of said pair of coupling means to provide two additional output signals which are in a conjugate relationship.
  • a phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein said pair of output coupling means includes a pair of loops oriented to be disposed in a -degree relationship with each other.
  • a phase shifter includes a network having two input terminals, two output terminals and transmission lines coupling said output terminals in parallel to each of said input terminals, one of said transmission lines differing in length from the other of said transmission lines by one-half a wavelength or multiple thereof at the mean operating frequency, and means coupling the output sig-. mail of each one of said pair of output coupling means to a separate one of said input terminals.
  • a phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein said cavity resonator is of the coaxial cavity type and said pair of output coupling means includes a pair of loops oriented to be disposed in a 90-degree relationship with each other.
  • said pair of output coupling means includes a pair of loops oriented to be disposed in a 90-degree relationship with each other and said means to combine includes a network having two input terminals, two output terminals and transmission lines coupling said output terminals in parallel to each of said input terminals, one of said transmission lines differing in length from the other of said transmission lines by one-half a wavelength or multiple thereof at the mean operating frequency, and means coupling the output signal of each one of said pair of loops to a separate one of said input terminals.
  • a phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein said cavity resonator is of the coaxial cavity type and said means to combine includes a network having two input terminals, two output terminals and transmission lines coupling said output terminals in parallel to each of said input terminals, one of said transmission lines differing in length from the other of said transmission lines by one-half a wavelength or multiple thereof at the mean Operating frequency, and means coupling the output signal of each one of said pair of output coupling means to a separate one of said input terminals.
  • a phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein said cavity resonator is of the coaxial cavity type, said pair of output coupling means includes a pair of loops oriented to be disposed in a 90-degree relationship with each other and said means to combine includes a network having two input terminals, two output terminals and transmission lines coupling said output terminals in parallel to each of said input terminals, one of said transmission lines differing in length from the other of said transmission lines by one-half a wavelength or multiple thereof at the mean operating frequency, and means coupling the output signal of each one of said pair of loops to a separate one of said input terminals.
  • a phase shifter comprising a coaxial-type cavity resonator, an input loop coupling continuous signal energy into said resonator, a first output loop and a second output loop for said resonator, said first and second output loops being oriented in a 90-degree relationship with each other, means to synchronously rotate said output loops in the same direction to produce in said first output loop signal energy varying in accordance with the cosine of the angle of rotation and in said second output loop signal energy varying in accordance with the sine of the angle of rotation, a bridge-type network having first and second input terminals, first and second output terminals, a first arm extending from said first input terminal to said first output terminal, a second arm extending from said first input terminal to said second output terminal, a third arm extending from said second input terminal to said second output terminal and a fourth arm extending from said second input terminal to said first output terminal, said first, second and third arms having a given length and said fourth arm having a length one-half a wavelength longer at the mean operating frequency than

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US548357A 1955-11-22 1955-11-22 Phase shifter Expired - Lifetime US2855569A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US548357A US2855569A (en) 1955-11-22 1955-11-22 Phase shifter
FR71805D FR71805E (fr) 1955-11-22 1956-11-21 Convertisseur de phase

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US548357A US2855569A (en) 1955-11-22 1955-11-22 Phase shifter

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US2855569A true US2855569A (en) 1958-10-07

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2422601A (en) * 1943-05-20 1947-06-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency coupling circuit
US2442597A (en) * 1945-09-28 1948-06-01 Rca Corp Phase and amplitude control circuit for electronic function generators
US2619635A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-11-25 Herman N Chait Arbitrarily polarized antenna system
GB711752A (en) * 1951-08-09 1954-07-07 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Amplitude control unit
US2759099A (en) * 1954-05-20 1956-08-14 Rca Corp Plural-source coupling arrangements

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2422601A (en) * 1943-05-20 1947-06-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency coupling circuit
US2442597A (en) * 1945-09-28 1948-06-01 Rca Corp Phase and amplitude control circuit for electronic function generators
US2619635A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-11-25 Herman N Chait Arbitrarily polarized antenna system
GB711752A (en) * 1951-08-09 1954-07-07 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Amplitude control unit
US2759099A (en) * 1954-05-20 1956-08-14 Rca Corp Plural-source coupling arrangements

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Publication number Publication date
FR71805E (fr) 1960-02-01

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