US2873386A - Process and device for generating electrical pulse groups - Google Patents

Process and device for generating electrical pulse groups Download PDF

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US2873386A
US2873386A US539637A US53963755A US2873386A US 2873386 A US2873386 A US 2873386A US 539637 A US539637 A US 539637A US 53963755 A US53963755 A US 53963755A US 2873386 A US2873386 A US 2873386A
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pulse
pulses
series
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line
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Schlei Rudolf
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Digital Kienzle Computersysteme GmbH and Co KG
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Kienzle Apparate GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/64—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
    • H03K3/66—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses by interrupting the output of a generator
    • H03K3/70—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses by interrupting the output of a generator time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/15—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors
    • H03K5/15013—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors with more than two outputs
    • H03K5/15026—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors with more than two outputs with asynchronously driven series connected output stages
    • H03K5/15046—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors with more than two outputs with asynchronously driven series connected output stages using a tapped delay line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/26—Devices for calling a subscriber
    • H04M1/30—Devices which can set up and transmit only one digit at a time
    • H04M1/31—Devices which can set up and transmit only one digit at a time by interrupting current to generate trains of pulses; by periodically opening and closing contacts to generate trains of pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
    • H04N5/268—Signal distribution or switching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for generating a series of electrical pulses with 'a selectable number of single pulses or for the generationofa multiple of a pulse series.
  • Such series are needed in electronic computers for the control of television image selection in the production of TV trick films and the like for therequired switching and control operations.
  • a pulse at the output may be fed to. the input so that the pulse or pulses circulating ina closed. circuit comprising a time delay network or other delay.
  • one or several single pulses are. fed to a circuit comprising a time delay circuit, are
  • the, arrangement for carrying out the method comprises a delay circuit connected to a pulse generator; also it comprises an output line introducing no time lag or only a short time lag and having a plurality of normally closed switches.
  • a plu rality of branch lines connects preferably electrically tuated by successively numbered keys.
  • each branch line such as diodes, high resistances, or the like, in each branch line.
  • the number of pulses in a pulse series depends on which of.the selectively operable switches is actuated and from which terminal of the output line the pulses are taken. Depending further on whether a single pulse or several pulses are admitted to the system, a pulse series or a multiple thereof is obtained at the terminals of the output line. In any .casefla single initial pulse generates a pulse seriesof'desired shape'and number; a plurality selected is not necessary.
  • the time delaycircuit may be continuous, such as a line with a uniformly 'distributed inductance and/or capacitance. with inductance-capacitance, resistance-capacitance, and
  • Rods of ferrite may for instance 'be used or a staked series of ferrite rings, on which are provided coils and/ or capacitors with high dielectric losses; this, of course, has i to be in keeping withthesteep slope of the pulses which .is determined by the'highest frequency transmitted.
  • the transmission of the to'tal frequency band up to the highest For the proper functioning of thesystem it is very important that the pulses transmitted to the output line, which introduces only a negligible time lag, should be without effect on the delay line with the time lag.
  • the pulse generator may either contain a mechanical or an electronic switching device operated by hand or electrically; it may consist of any desired voltage supply,
  • a direct current supply which supplies one or several current pulses to the delay circuit.
  • switching devices are as free of recoil as possible; they may for instance be devices similar to Morse keys, or they may be push-buttons.
  • pulse-shaping circuits e. g.,. integrating elements and, if necessary, differentiating elements in the system.
  • the system according to the invention is very well adapted for designating successive numerals, e. g. in computers.
  • the selective switches provided inthe output line are ac- These numbers indicate the number of pulses generated at the terminals of the second line or. the complementary values thereof.
  • a, time delay network and a recoil-free switch 2 is a, time delay network and a recoil-free switch 2.
  • an integrating circuit 3 Connected thereto is an integrating circuit 3, a difierentiating circuit 4, and a time delay network 5, which consists of coils and capacitors and which has branch points between adjacent stages of the capacitance-inductance network.
  • decoupling diodes 7 connect to the branch points 5, 5 5 5", in parallel to an output line 8 introducing no time lag; between the connecting points the output line 8 contains switches 8 8 8 8 8".
  • the diodes 7 are connected to the terminals and to points between the switches 8 8".
  • the decoupling diodes 7, which are so directed that they block the return path of the pulses from the output line 8 to the line delay network 6, may, of coursefbe replaced by. some other passive or active decoupling e1ement. It is only necessary thatthey have a sufiiciently high resistance compared, to the resistance of the delay line to 'sufliciently reduce. feedback.
  • the switches 8, 8 ,8 8", of which only, one is preferably opened at a time, may, beaetuatedbefore or simultaneouslywith switch 2 for the g, eratioip of. the desired pulse series.
  • two separate pulse series are obtained, one on each side of the opened switch 8 '8 or 8 ⁇ , on the outputline 8, the number of pulses in each series depending on the number of branches connected thereto and on the selection of one of the: switches 8 or 8",]
  • keys 9, used for actuating switches 8 and arranged on a key-v board are marked with numerals in consecutive order, it follows that upon opening of a singleswjtch 8, a pulse series with a number of pulses equal tothe key numeral is available at one terminal of the output line 8, while a pulse series with a number of pulses equal to the complernentary value ofthe said number is available at the other. output line terminal.
  • the pulses have a convenient shape and a steep. slope, particularlywhen the time delay circuit has a small time lag.
  • switch 2 can be actuated simultaneously by any ofkeys 9. There may, however, be. independent actuating means for this switch or it may be actuated in dependence thereon, and if so, the switch. 2 should be closed after keys 9 are opened. In that case it is necessary to provide switches 8, 8 8 8", or their keys respectively, with a delayed action device, the delay corresponding to the time necessary for operat-- ing switch 2.- It is possible to provide an auxiliary device. operating automatically or being operated by hand, when necessary, which device causes switch 2 to generate one, or several pulses,.as selected.
  • the pulse series derived at the terminals 1! ⁇ , 11 of output 8 may be fed, directly or by means of appropriate; amplifying stages, to other switch-or control elements, more particularly to counters, storing devices, and the like.
  • 1..Apparatus forthe generation of pulse series containing a desired number of pulses or a multiple of such series comprising a pulse, generator, atime .delay circuit, said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator, at pluralityof decoupling circuits, a unilateral element contained in each of saiddecoupling circuits, eaehadea.
  • each of said decoupling circuits having two terminals, one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delay circuit, an outputline introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said output line, a plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching means being arranged between each two of said other terminals of said decoupling circuits, and being adapted to divide said output line into separate portions when being operated.
  • Apparatus for the generation of pulse series containing a desired number of pulses or a multiple of such series comprising a pulse generator, at time delay circuit,
  • said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator, a plurality of decoupling circuits, a unilateral element contained in each of said decoupling circuits, each decoupling circuit having two terminals, one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delay circuit, an output line introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said output line, a plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching means being arranged between each pair of said other.
  • Apparatus for the generation of pulse series containing a desired number of pulses or a multiple of such series comprising apulse generator, switching means to operate said pulse generator, a time delay circuit, said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator, a
  • each decouplingv circuit having two terminals,one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits, being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delaycircuit, an output line introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said output line, a. plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching means being arranged between each two of said other terminals of said decoupling circuits, a plurality of numbered keys, each one adapted to open one of said normally closed switchingmeans on said output line, each of said numbered keys being adapted to simultaneously operate said switching means for operating said pulse generator.
  • Apparatus for the generation of pulse series con taining a desired number of pulses or a'multiple ofsuch series comprising a pulse generator, a time delay circuit,v
  • each decoupling circuit having two terminals, one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delay circuit, an output line introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said-output,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)

Description

Feb. 10, 1959 R. SCHLEI' PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL PULSE GROUPS Filed Oct. 10, 1955 /NVENT'0E PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL PULSE GROUPS Rudolf Schlei, Berlin-Lichtrfelde-Ost, Germany, assignor to Kienzle Apparate G. m. b. H., Vlllingen, Black Forest, Germany Application October 10, 1955, Serial No. 539,637 Claims priority, application Germany October 11, 1954 Y 7 Claims. c1. sin-88.5
The present invention relates to a method and a device for generating a series of electrical pulses with 'a selectable number of single pulses or for the generationofa multiple of a pulse series. Such series are needed in electronic computers for the control of television image selection in the production of TV trick films and the like for therequired switching and control operations.
Up to thepresent it has been known to select different pulse series from a given pulse series which is, e. g., supplied by a pulse generator. In this process, a series of pulses passes one or several gates as many times as desired, the gates. being opened and closed by independent current pulses at time intervals spaced to permit passage of the desired pulse series through the gates. In
series, or. the multiple thereof, from a given pulse series.
this mariner it is possible to generate the desired 'pulse It is the object of the present invention to generatethe leaves the line with a time lag depending on the line,
characteristics and the distance from the input. Up to the present, this fact has been used only for storing pulses or pulse series for any desired length of time.
For that purpose, a pulse at the output may be fed to. the input so that the pulse or pulses circulating ina closed. circuit comprising a time delay network or other delay.
line and a return line, are, if necessary after correction, stored and can be withdrawn at the input or output of the circuit.
It has now been found, that such an arrangement at fords the possibility of, generating selectable pulse series or. a multiple thereof from given single pulses or pulse series, directly and without expensive detours susceptible to disturbances.
According to the invention, one or several single pulses are. fed to a circuit comprising a time delay circuit, are
taken off the circuit at pre-arranged points and led over decoupling circuits with practically zero feed back to a line introducing none 'or only a short time lag. This last line can be opened between any two adjacent coupling circuits. The pulse series, determined bythe point at which the last line has been opened, may then be obtained at the terminals of this line.
According to the invention, the, arrangement for carrying out the method comprises a delay circuit connected to a pulse generator; also it comprises an output line introducing no time lag or only a short time lag and having a plurality of normally closed switches. A plu rality of branch lines connects preferably electrically tuated by successively numbered keys.
' in diagrammatic form one embodiment of the invention;
spaced pointslon the delay circuit to the terminals as wel ice Patented Feb. 10, 1959 as to .points between adjacent switches on the output, line. Finally, the system contains decoupling elements,
such as diodes, high resistances, or the like, in each branch line.
The number of pulses in a pulse series depends on which of.the selectively operable switches is actuated and from which terminal of the output line the pulses are taken. Depending further on whether a single pulse or several pulses are admitted to the system, a pulse series or a multiple thereof is obtained at the terminals of the output line. In any .casefla single initial pulse generates a pulse seriesof'desired shape'and number; a plurality selected is not necessary.
The time delaycircuit may be continuous, such as a line with a uniformly 'distributed inductance and/or capacitance. with inductance-capacitance, resistance-capacitance, and
of initial pulses fromwhich thedesired pulse series is inductance-resistance stages or a glow discharge tube,
circuit. It is advantageous to select large values of in ductance and capacitance to obtain long time delays.
Rods of ferrite may for instance 'be used or a staked series of ferrite rings, on which are provided coils and/ or capacitors with high dielectric losses; this, of course, has i to be in keeping withthesteep slope of the pulses which .is determined by the'highest frequency transmitted. The transmission of the to'tal frequency band up to the highest For the proper functioning of thesystem it is very important that the pulses transmitted to the output line, which introduces only a negligible time lag, should be without effect on the delay line with the time lag. For
this purpose, I provide the abovernentioned decoupling elements, such as diodes, rectifiers, or high ohmic resistances, andthelike e e The pulse generator may either contain a mechanical or an electronic switching device operated by hand or electrically; it may consist of any desired voltage supply,
preferably a direct current supply, which supplies one or several current pulses to the delay circuit.
In order togenerate well defined pulse shapes, the
switching devices are as free of recoil as possible; they may for instance be devices similar to Morse keys, or they may be push-buttons. For the purpose of eliminating deviations from the desired pulse shape (steep slopes) caused by transients, due .to unavoidable rccoils, I arrange pulse-shaping circuits, e. g.,. integrating elements and, if necessary, differentiating elements in the system.
The system according to the invention is very well adapted for designating successive numerals, e. g. in computers. When the system is used for that purpose, the selective switches provided inthe output line are ac- These numbers indicate the number of pulses generated at the terminals of the second line or. the complementary values thereof.
The invention will now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates it should, however, be understood that many changes in the details can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Preferably, it is a, time delay network and a recoil-free switch 2. Connected thereto is an integrating circuit 3, a difierentiating circuit 4, and a time delay network 5, which consists of coils and capacitors and which has branch points between adjacent stages of the capacitance-inductance network.
At the terminals and between adjacent sections of the capacitance-inductance network, decoupling diodes 7 connect to the branch points 5, 5 5 5", in parallel to an output line 8 introducing no time lag; between the connecting points the output line 8 contains switches 8 8 8 8". The diodes 7 are connected to the terminals and to points between the switches 8 8". The decoupling diodes 7, which are so directed that they block the return path of the pulses from the output line 8 to the line delay network 6, may, of coursefbe replaced by. some other passive or active decoupling e1ement. It is only necessary thatthey have a sufiiciently high resistance compared, to the resistance of the delay line to 'sufliciently reduce. feedback.
The switches 8, 8 ,8 8", of which only, one is preferably opened at a time, may, beaetuatedbefore or simultaneouslywith switch 2 for the g, eratioip of. the desired pulse series. Thus, as can easily be seen, two separate pulse series are obtained, one on each side of the opened switch 8 '8 or 8}, on the outputline 8, the number of pulses in each series depending on the number of branches connected thereto and on the selection of one of the: switches 8 or 8",]
When,as illustrated in the embodiment shown, keys 9, used for actuating switches 8 and arranged on a key-v board, are marked with numerals in consecutive order, it follows that upon opening of a singleswjtch 8, a pulse series with a number of pulses equal tothe key numeral is available at one terminal of the output line 8, while a pulse series with a number of pulses equal to the complernentary value ofthe said number is available at the other. output line terminal.
If, instead of one pulse, several pulses are supplied to the delay network by switch 2, the multiple corresponding to the number of pulses will be obtained. It is imperative that the pulses have a convenient shape and a steep. slope, particularlywhen the time delay circuit has a small time lag.
Inorder to shapethe pulses generated by switch 2, furthermore, in order to suppress the transients due to contact recoil, if any, andfinally inorder to smooth. current fluctuations over the width of the pulse, which are caused by variations in the contact resistance of switch 2, I have provided the above mentioned integrat-- ing circuit 3 and differentiating circuit 4 precedingthe time delay circuit.
-Asshown by dotted line 12, switch 2 can be actuated simultaneously by any ofkeys 9. There may, however, be. independent actuating means for this switch or it may be actuated in dependence thereon, and if so, the switch. 2 should be closed after keys 9 are opened. In that case it is necessary to provide switches 8, 8 8 8", or their keys respectively, with a delayed action device, the delay corresponding to the time necessary for operat-- ing switch 2.- It is possible to provide an auxiliary device. operating automatically or being operated by hand, when necessary, which device causes switch 2 to generate one, or several pulses,.as selected.
The pulse series derived at the terminals 1!}, 11 of output 8 may be fed, directly or by means of appropriate; amplifying stages, to other switch-or control elements, more particularly to counters, storing devices, and the like. i
What I claimis:
1..Apparatus forthe generation of pulse series containing a desired number of pulses or a multiple of such series, comprising a pulse, generator, atime .delay circuit, said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator, at pluralityof decoupling circuits, a unilateral element contained in each of saiddecoupling circuits, eaehadea.
coupling circuit having two terminals, one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delay circuit, an outputline introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said output line, a plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching means being arranged between each two of said other terminals of said decoupling circuits, and being adapted to divide said output line into separate portions when being operated.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said unilateral elements arranged in said decoupling circuits are diodes.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said unilateral elements arranged in said decoupling circuits are resistors, which are high-ohmic in proportion to the surge resistance of said time delay circuit.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said first terminals of said decoupling circuits are connected to said time delay circuit at electrically equidistant points.
5. Apparatus for the generation of pulse series containing a desired number of pulses or a multiple of such series comprising a pulse generator, at time delay circuit,
said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator, a plurality of decoupling circuits, a unilateral element contained in each of said decoupling circuits, each decoupling circuit having two terminals, one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delay circuit, an output line introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said output line, a plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching means being arranged between each pair of said other.
terminals of said decoupling circuits, a plurality of numbered keys, each one adapted to open one of said switching means on said output line.
6. Apparatus for the generation of pulse series containing a desired number of pulses or a multiple of such series comprising apulse generator, switching means to operate said pulse generator, a time delay circuit, said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator, a
plurality of decoupling circuits, a unilateral element contained in each of'said decoupling circuits, each decouplingv circuit having two terminals,one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits, being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delaycircuit, an output line introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said output line, a. plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching means being arranged between each two of said other terminals of said decoupling circuits, a plurality of numbered keys, each one adapted to open one of said normally closed switchingmeans on said output line, each of said numbered keys being adapted to simultaneously operate said switching means for operating said pulse generator.
7. Apparatus for the generation of pulse series con taining a desired number of pulses or a'multiple ofsuch series comprising a pulse generator, a time delay circuit,v
said time delay circuit being fed by said pulse generator,
a plurality of decoupling circuits, a unilateral element contained ineach of said decoupling circuits, each decou; pling circuit having two terminals, one terminal of each of said decoupling circuits being connected to electrically spaced points on said time delay circuit, an output line introducing substantially no time lag, the other terminal of said decoupling circuits being connected to said-output,
line, a plurality of normally closed switching means arranged on said output line, each one of said switching, means being arranged between each .two Ofsaidotherterminals of saiddecoupling;circuits nsaidoutput linen having two terminals, one of said terminals. being adapted.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Johnson Dec. 7, 1915 Stephenson Sept. 12, 1950 10 6 Hepp Aug. 21, 1951 Libois Mar. 4, 1952 Hoeppner Mar. 18, 1952 Rex Sept. 16, 1952 Hoeppner Nov. 4, 1952 Summers June 30, 1952 De Rosa Dec. 15, 1953 Felch et a1. Apr. 24, 1956 Craib Sept. 25, 1956
US539637A 1954-10-11 1955-10-10 Process and device for generating electrical pulse groups Expired - Lifetime US2873386A (en)

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US3046483A (en) * 1960-12-30 1962-07-24 Sam D Breskend Passine pulse width discriminator utilizing delay line reflections
US3077581A (en) * 1959-02-02 1963-02-12 Magnavox Co Dynamic information storage unit
US3112469A (en) * 1958-10-30 1963-11-26 Gen Electric Apparatus for reading human language
US3223980A (en) * 1961-05-02 1965-12-14 Ncr Co Computer system
US3264635A (en) * 1960-11-25 1966-08-02 Gen Dynamics Corp Parallel to serial converter utilizing delay means

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US2565231A (en) * 1947-01-04 1951-08-21 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Variable artificial transmission line for effecting phase modulated oscillations
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US2644130A (en) * 1949-01-24 1953-06-30 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Square wave pulse generating system
US2611094A (en) * 1950-02-16 1952-09-16 Harold B Rex Inductance-capacitance resonance circuit
US2616965A (en) * 1950-03-22 1952-11-04 Raytheon Mfg Co Binary coding device
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3112469A (en) * 1958-10-30 1963-11-26 Gen Electric Apparatus for reading human language
US3077581A (en) * 1959-02-02 1963-02-12 Magnavox Co Dynamic information storage unit
US3264635A (en) * 1960-11-25 1966-08-02 Gen Dynamics Corp Parallel to serial converter utilizing delay means
US3046483A (en) * 1960-12-30 1962-07-24 Sam D Breskend Passine pulse width discriminator utilizing delay line reflections
US3223980A (en) * 1961-05-02 1965-12-14 Ncr Co Computer system

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GB791461A (en) 1958-03-05
DE976758C (en) 1964-04-16

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