US2873914A - Electrical summing device - Google Patents

Electrical summing device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2873914A
US2873914A US525957A US52595755A US2873914A US 2873914 A US2873914 A US 2873914A US 525957 A US525957 A US 525957A US 52595755 A US52595755 A US 52595755A US 2873914 A US2873914 A US 2873914A
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Prior art keywords
switches
relay
input
switch
digit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US525957A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hebel Martin
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ELDI FEINMECHANIK GmbH
ELDI-FEINMECHANIK GmbH
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ELDI FEINMECHANIK GmbH
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Priority to DEE6722A priority Critical patent/DE1000618B/de
Priority to CH321940D priority patent/CH321940A/de
Priority to FR1100230D priority patent/FR1100230A/fr
Application filed by ELDI FEINMECHANIK GmbH filed Critical ELDI FEINMECHANIK GmbH
Priority to US525957A priority patent/US2873914A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/40—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay
    • G06F7/42—Adding; Subtracting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical summing devices and more particularly to an electrical summing device including relays and relay operated switches.
  • the summing device It is the purpose of the summing device to close a circuit representing the sum of an addition when the summands are introduced into the device by closing contacts or switches. For instance, if the summands 3 and 5 are introduced, circuits corresponding to 3 and 5 are grounded and a current flows through the same which energizes suitable relays and operates suitable switch means so that the result circuit is closed corresponding to the sum 8.
  • the addition of the digits from 0 to 9 contains 100 possible combinations, namely the additions 0+0, 0+1,
  • Each digit can be expressed by digit elements, and
  • the digit elements 1, 2, 3 and 5 are used.
  • the digit 4 is expressed by the digit elements 3 and 1
  • the digit 6 by the elements 5 and l
  • the digit 9 is expressed by the elements 5, 3 and 1.
  • the present invention mainly consists in an electrical summing device which comprises a set of first electrical input means and a set of second electrical input means for representing, respectively, the summands of a sum, the input means of each of the sets of input means being, respectively, associated with the same series of digits or digit elements so that pairs of first and second input means are associated with the same digit or digit elements, each of the input means being operable between an operative condition and an inoperative condition; a source of potential; a set of output terminals respectively associated with the series of digits or digit elements for representing the sum of the summands when the source of potential is connected to selected output terminals; a plurality of circuit means, each of the circuit means including circuit completing means,
  • At least one of the circuit means connecting each of the according to a preferred embodiment of the present output terminals to the source of potential when the respective circuit completing means are actuated; and a set of electrical actuating means, each of the actuating means being respectively associated with predetermined circuit completing means for connecting the source of potential to at least one selected output terminal, each of the actuating means being connected to one pair of the pair of first and second input means and controlled by the first and second input means of the respective pair in such manner that the circuit completing means associated with the respective actuating means complete the circuit means associated therewith when either input means of the respective pair of first and second input means is in the operative condition.
  • the electrical actuating means comprise relays and switches operated by the relays.
  • the arrangement is such that when the same digit or digit element is introduced by the first and second electrical input means, a pair of oppositely wound relay windings are energized which compensate each other so that a switch associated therewith is not operated. When, however, only one of the relay windings is energized, the switch is operated and aifects by relays and switches the completion of certain circuits for representing theresult.
  • the first and second input means are respectively controlled by input control means which are operated, for instance, by the relays of a storing device and by a keyboard, respectively.
  • input control means which are operated, for instance, by the relays of a storing device and by a keyboard, respectively.
  • a tens transfer device and a complement-transforming device is preferably provided. Consequently, the tens transfer operation and the complement transforming operation are carried out before the signals reach the summing device proper so that the circuits of the same are simplified.
  • the circuits in the summing device are completed in the same manner regardless of whether for instance the addition M+N, or N+M is carried out.
  • the summing device operates in the same manner. Consequently, only one circuit has to be provided for the additions 3+5 and 5+3.
  • Fig. la is a diagram illustrating input control means
  • Fig. l is a diagram illustrating a combined tens transfer and complement transforming device
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a signal combining device
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a summing device.
  • the arrangement illustrated in the drawing is directed to an arrangement according to which the summands and the result are expressed in a code using the digit elements 1, 2, 3, 5.
  • Another code system using the digit elements 1, 2, 4 and 8 or a quinary system could be used as well, and the code is selected in accordance with the particular purpose of the machine.
  • the digit elements 1, 2, 3, 5 are represented by completed circuits, and the tens transfer is indicated in the same manner. Zero is indicated when no circuit is completed.
  • a first set of input control relays I, II, III and V is connected in series with a first set of input control switches fa fa fa and fa which are respectively associated with the digit components one, two, three and five.
  • a second set of input control relays T T T and T are respectively connected in series with a second set of input control switches ft ft t and ft which are also respectively associated with digit components one, two, three and five.
  • the input control switches are connected to the positive terminal of a source of potential, such as a battery, while the relays are connected to the negative terminal of the source of potential.
  • the positive terminal is grounded in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1a.
  • a fuse Si is provided in the conductor leading to the negative terminal.
  • the switches fa may be operated from a storing device, while the switches ft may be operated from the keyboard or from analyzer means sensing punch cards.
  • the switches fa and the relays I-V are provided for representing a stored summand, while the switches ft and the relays "f -T are provided for representing a summand which is to be added to the first summand.
  • a set of switches foa fa is connected in series with a zero relay 0 and is also operated from the storing device.
  • a relay K is provided for complementary values and energized by means of a switch M which is operated by a minus key when a sub traction is to be carried out by complementary addition.
  • a control switch 1m is connected in series with the relay 0 and is actuated by suitable electromagnet means, not shown.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a first set of input switch means s s s s and a. second set of input switch means t t 1 1
  • the switches t are operated by the input relays T T T and T illustrated in Fig. 1a.
  • the switches s are operated by the input relays S S S and S illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 also shows switches 1, 2, 3, 5 and 0, operated, respectively, by the relays I, II, III, V and 0 illustrated in Fig. la.
  • Fig. 1 further shows a switch k operated by the relay K shown in Fig. 1a, and two control switches d, d operated by the relay D.
  • Relay D has three windings D D and D the holding winding D being energized when one of the other windings D or D operates the holding contact d shown in Fig. 3.
  • the control switch d is normally in closed position and the control switch d is normally in open position.
  • the switches d, d and k are connected to the grounded positive terminal of the source of potential, and the relays S to S and D are connected to the negative terminal of the source of potential.
  • a fuse Si is provided in the conductor leading to the negative terminal of the source of potential.
  • the circuits shown in Fig. 1 connected to the complement switch k constitute a complement transforming device, while the circuits connected by the switches d, d constitute a tens transfer device.
  • Fig. 2 shows the input switches s and it connected to ground potential and a relay C connected to the negative terminal of the source of potential.
  • the switches s and t associated with the same digit element or digit, for instance the switches s and t, are connected to two oppositely wound relay coils E
  • the relays E to E operate switches e to 2 shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • Relay coils G to G are connected in series with each pair of oppositely wound relay coils E to E and operate, respectively, the switches g, to g shown in Fig. 3.
  • Switches 0 are arranged in parallel with the relay coils G to 6,, for bridging the same and are operated by the relay winding C.
  • Fig. 3 is the summing device proper, and includes output terminals 1, 2, 3', 5' which are connected to the negative terminal of a source of potential whose positive terminal is grounded.
  • D is a tens transfer output terminal, also connected to the negative terminal of the source of potential.
  • the present invention is concerned with the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1, la, 2 and 3, which constitute a summing device. It is immaterial, and not an object of the present invention, in which manner the impulses are created by which the summands are introduced into the summing device of the present invention, and similarly it is not an object of the present invention in which manner the impulses in the output terminals are used to represent the result of the addition.
  • the switch 1m which is operated by relay means, not shown, when the numbers introduced on the left side of Fig. 1a include a zero or empty position.
  • the relays can be energized during the respective computing step when none of the switches foa to f0a indicates the presence of a summand.
  • the switches foa to foa which are shown in the left side of Fig. 1a to be connected in series are normally in a closed position and actuate the relay 0.
  • the input switch means s to s represent the stored summand
  • the input switch means t to t represent the introduced summand which may be introduced by the opreation of a keyboard. Since in the calculating machine in which the summing device of the present invention is applied, the addition is carried out by consecutively adding the digits of each decimal order, the input means need only represent a single digit, which is expressed by digit elements as explained above.
  • a tens transfer and complement transforming device shown in Fig. 1, is arranged between the relays I to V and the input switch means s, to s
  • the relays I to V operate the switches 1 to 5 in Fig. l and move, when energized, the switches, which are normally in closed position as shown in Fig. 1, to an open position, and the switches, which are normally in open position as shown in Fig. 1, to a closed position.
  • the switches 1 to 5 which are connected in series with the tens transfer control switch d open such paths for the impulses energizing the relays S to S that a digit augmented by a unit'is introduced by closing the respective input switches .9 to .9 It will be noted that the tens transfer is carried out by adding the transfer unit to the stored summand.
  • the key M see Fig. 1a, is operated, whereby the relay K is energized, closes the switch k and opens switch k shown in Fig. 1.
  • the arrangement of the switches 0 to 5 which are connected in series to the switch k is such that the complement value is expressed by energized relays S to S and by the input switches s to .9 actuated by the same when the switch k is closed and the circuit controlled by switch d is disconnected by the opened switch k. If a tens-transfer is necessary, the winding D is energized (Fig. 3) and effects shifting of switches d and d.
  • a fugitive one exceeding the storing capacity is added in a known manner in the lowest order.
  • the complemental addition is in no way different from any other addition, since the circuit closed by the switch k in Fig. 1 serves to actuate the input switch means s to s by energizing the relays S to S when the switches s to s have to correspond to the complements of the digits to be subtracted. Otherwise the switches s, to s are actuated by the relay windings S to S in their regular order when the switch d remains closed and connects the relay windings S to S through the closed contact k which is connected in series with the switch d.
  • the device illustrated in Fig. 1 includes a tens transfer device and a complement transforming device. If a tens transfer and a complement transformation are required simultaneously on the same input side, complements to the 10 can be formed which include the tens transfer unit.
  • the device shown in Fig. 1 includes a tens transfer device and a complement transforming device. If a tens transfer and a complement transformation are required simultaneously on the same input side, complements to the 10 can be formed which include the tens transfer unit.
  • the signal combining device as shown in Fig. 2 serves the purpose of rearranging the input signals so that the summing device shown in Fig. 3 has to perform the same operation for two summands m and n regardless of whether summand m is introduced by the input switches s to .9 and summand n is introduced by the input switches t to 23 or summand n is introduced by the input switches s, to s and summand m by the input switches t t0 ,5.
  • the relay G is energized when the relay C opens the contact 0 and operates the associated circuit In the illustcompleting switch means 5 in Fig. 3 whereby a circuit is completed which corresponds to the sum of two digit elements 5.
  • the digit element 3 of the summand 9 has no counterpart in the other summand. Consequently, the closed input switch s energizes only one of the two oppositely wound relay coils E Since the effect of the energized coil E is not compensated by the other coil E the switch 2 is closed and shortcircuits the relay G Immediately thereafter the relay C opens the switch c, but this has no eflfect since the relay G is already bridged by the switch e The current flows through relay C, switch e and one of the relay coils E and input switch .9 to ground potential.
  • the energized relays G G and E operate the circuit completing switches g g and e in the circuit means of Fig. 3.
  • the circuit completing switches e and g in Fig. 3 are shown in normal position, and it will be understood that some of the circuit completing switches are normally closed and others are normally open so that their operation by the associated relays E and G will move normally open circuit completing switches to closed position and normally closed circuit completing switches to open position.
  • relay windings E G to E G the switches e to e and c, and the relay winding C shown in Fig. 2 constitute electrical actuating means for the circuit-completing switch means e to (2 and g; to g shown in Fig. 3.
  • the digit 5 must be represented by sending an impulse through the output terminal 5', while at the same time a tens transfer to the next higher decimal order must be prepared. In the example this is carried out in the follow ing manner.
  • the switches e and g are closed, the switches g and g remain closed so that a circuit between the output terminal 5' and ground potential is completed.
  • An impulse flows from the terminal of the source of potential to the output terminal 5' which is used to express the result digit 5 in a suitable manner which is not an object of the present invention.
  • the switch g at the extreme right end of Fig. 3 closes and connects the minus terminal of the source of potential through the tens transfer output terminal D to ground potential.
  • the energizing of the relay G which operates the switch g takes place when both summands contain the digit element 5 so that the result must be at least 10.
  • the tens transfer relay D see Figs. 3 and 1, is energized by current flowing through winding D opens the control switch at at the center of Fig. l and closes the tens transfer control switch d' on the left side of Fig. 1 and the holding contact d Current flows through the holding winding D of the relay D so that the switches d and d are held in shifted positions.
  • the winding D is energized and operates switches a, d and d
  • the tens transfer operation will now be further explained with reference to a few numerical examples.
  • the switches 1 to which are normally closed as shown in Fig. 1 will be referred to as switches 1 to 5 and Introduced digit Operated switches Computed digit
  • the tens transfer transformation for the digits 5 to 9 are carried out in a corresponding manner.
  • the complement transformation is effected when the relay K is energized and moves the contact k to closed position.
  • the switches 0 open during each step since the relay 0 in Fig. la is energized by operation of the switch 1m.
  • the relay constructions which are generally used for telephone and telecommunication circuits are constructed for a limited number of contacts such as five or six switch contacts. Circuits requiring a greater number of switches to be operated by relay means necessitate the provision of twice as many relays which would render an electrical summing device employing relays uneconomical and impractical as compared with mechanical constructions. Consequently, the distribution of the relay operations to the tens transfer device, the complement transforming device, and the signal combining device reduces the number of relay switches required in the summing device proper so that conventional relays can be used. Without a signal rearranging device, approximately twice as many circuit completing switches would be necessary in the summing device shown in Fig. 3 as compared with the arrangement of the present invention.
  • a set of first electrical input switch means and a set of second electrical input switch means for representing, respectively, the summands of a sum
  • the input switch means of each of said sets of input switch means being, respectively, associated with the same series of digits or digit elements, each of said input switch means being operable between an operative closed condition and an inoperative open condition
  • a source of potential a set of output terminals respectively associated with said series of digits or digit elements for representing the sum of said summands when said source of potential is connected to selected output terminals
  • a plurality of circuit means each of said circuit means including circuit completing switch means, at least one of said circuit means connecting each of said output terminals to said source of potential when the respective circuit completing switch means are actuated
  • a set of actuating relay means each of said actuating relay means being respectively associated with predetermined circuit completing switch means, each of said actuating relay means including a pair of oppositely wound coils respectively connected in series with the
  • An electrical summing device as claimed in claim 1 and including a first set of input control relay means; a second set of input control relay means for operating said second input switch means between said closed and open conditions; a tens transfer output terminal connected to said circuit means; a tens transfer device arranged intermediate said first set of input control relay means and said first input switch means and including a set of relay means and switch means connected in series with the same and operated by said first set of input control relay means and operating said first set of input switch means, said tens transfer device including control switch means for switching said tens transfer device between a normal position and tens transfer position, said control switch means being connected to said tens transfer output terminal for placing said tens transfer device in said tens transfer position when said tens transfer output termi nal is connected to said source of potential.
  • circuit completing switch means include switches operated by either coil of each pair of said pairs of oppositely wound coils and other switches operated by said relay coils of said actuating relay means.
  • circuit completing switch means include switches operated by either coil of each pair of said pairs of oppositely wound coils and other switches operated by said relay coils of said actuating relay means.
  • a set of first electrical input means and a set of second electrical input means for representing respectively the summands of a sum, the input means of each of said sets of input means being respectively associated with the same series of digits or digit elements; a serial adder for adding two digits or digit elements represented by electrical signals; a signal combining device connecting said first and second input means with said serial adder device, said signal combining device including a set of relay means respectively associated with said digit or digit elements, each of said relay means including a pair of oppositely wound coils respectively connected to associated first and second input means, a relay coil connected in series with said pair of oppositely wound coils, a bridging switch connected in parallel to said relay coil and being normally in open position and being closed when only one of said oppositely wound coils is energized, and the other bridging switch connected in parallel with said relay coil and being normally in closed position; a relay winding connected at one end thereof through all said relay means to said first and second input means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
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US525957A 1953-02-05 1955-08-02 Electrical summing device Expired - Lifetime US2873914A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEE6722A DE1000618B (de) 1953-02-05 1953-02-05 Elektrischer Summenbilder
CH321940D CH321940A (de) 1955-08-02 1954-04-21 Elektrischer Summenbilder
FR1100230D FR1100230A (fr) 1955-08-02 1954-05-06 Dispositif de formation de sommes électrique
US525957A US2873914A (en) 1955-08-02 1955-08-02 Electrical summing device

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US525957A US2873914A (en) 1955-08-02 1955-08-02 Electrical summing device

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US2873914A true US2873914A (en) 1959-02-17

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US525957A Expired - Lifetime US2873914A (en) 1953-02-05 1955-08-02 Electrical summing device

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CH (1) CH321940A (de)
DE (1) DE1000618B (de)
FR (1) FR1100230A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955760A (en) * 1957-09-06 1960-10-11 Ibm Relay arithmetic device
US3138701A (en) * 1959-12-29 1964-06-23 Ibm Self-checking numbering devices
US3226534A (en) * 1961-12-07 1965-12-28 Ibm Superconductive adder and correlator
US3393305A (en) * 1964-07-31 1968-07-16 Purdy Haydn Victor Electrical arithmetic equipment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1876296A (en) * 1928-03-13 1932-09-06 Hofgaard Remington Corp Calculating machine
US2364540A (en) * 1942-10-10 1944-12-05 Ibm Calculating machine
US2552760A (en) * 1945-05-02 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Binary calculator
US2615127A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-10-21 Gen Electric Electronic comparator device
US2620974A (en) * 1947-03-31 1952-12-09 Raymond L A Valtat Binary network type calculating machine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1876296A (en) * 1928-03-13 1932-09-06 Hofgaard Remington Corp Calculating machine
US2364540A (en) * 1942-10-10 1944-12-05 Ibm Calculating machine
US2552760A (en) * 1945-05-02 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Binary calculator
US2620974A (en) * 1947-03-31 1952-12-09 Raymond L A Valtat Binary network type calculating machine
US2615127A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-10-21 Gen Electric Electronic comparator device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955760A (en) * 1957-09-06 1960-10-11 Ibm Relay arithmetic device
US3138701A (en) * 1959-12-29 1964-06-23 Ibm Self-checking numbering devices
US3226534A (en) * 1961-12-07 1965-12-28 Ibm Superconductive adder and correlator
US3393305A (en) * 1964-07-31 1968-07-16 Purdy Haydn Victor Electrical arithmetic equipment

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Publication number Publication date
CH321940A (de) 1957-05-31
DE1000618B (de) 1957-01-10
FR1100230A (fr) 1955-09-19

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