US2907935A - Junction-type semiconductor device - Google Patents

Junction-type semiconductor device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2907935A
US2907935A US566032A US56603256A US2907935A US 2907935 A US2907935 A US 2907935A US 566032 A US566032 A US 566032A US 56603256 A US56603256 A US 56603256A US 2907935 A US2907935 A US 2907935A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
semiconductor
pressure
bodies
indium
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US566032A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nagorsen Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
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Publication of US2907935A publication Critical patent/US2907935A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/30—Die-attach connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
    • H10W40/60—Securing means for detachable heating or cooling arrangements, e.g. clamps
    • H10W40/611—Bolts or screws
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
    • H10W40/20—Arrangements for cooling
    • H10W40/231—Arrangements for cooling characterised by their places of attachment or cooling paths
    • H10W40/237—Arrangements for cooling characterised by their places of attachment or cooling paths attached to additional arrangements for cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/071—Connecting or disconnecting
    • H10W72/073—Connecting or disconnecting of die-attach connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/071—Connecting or disconnecting
    • H10W72/073—Connecting or disconnecting of die-attach connectors
    • H10W72/07331—Connecting techniques
    • H10W72/07336—Soldering or alloying

Definitions

  • Another object of my invention is to minimize the manufacturing difficulties and mechanical sensitivity of such devices resulting from the fact that crystalline semiv conductor wafers or pellets of germanium, as used in such devices, are brittle and tend to crack or break under mechanical stress.
  • I dispose the crystalline semiconductor of the junction-type device between two good heat-conducting pressure bodies or clamping members of a holding device, and I provide between each electrode or electrode coating of the semiconductor and the adjacent face of the heat-conducting pressure body a coating of ductile conductive material, preferably ductile metal.
  • the ductile coating is soldered, welded or otherwise fusion-joined with the pressure face of the body to form United States Patent part thereof and is in intimate face-to-face pressure engagement with the semiconductor electrode.
  • the ductile coating is given such a minimum thickness that, when pressed against the electrode of the semiconductor, the
  • coating material enters into, and completely fills, the
  • a material particularly suitable for the formation of such a coating on the face of the pressure body is indium (In), because indium is relatively soft and ductile when in normal condition. Consequently, with a sufiicient contact pressure between the pressure body and the electrode of the semiconductor member, a substantially perfect mutual adaptation is obtained between the two adjacent bodies.
  • the electrode of the junction-type rectifier or transistor likewise consists of indium as is the case, for instance, with many junction-type rectifiers and transistors having a crystalline semiconductor member on thebasis of germanium 2 ,907,935 7 Patented Oct.
  • the provision of indium coatings according to the invention also improves the entire construction of a junction-type rectifier or transistor, particularly when the device is provided with a semiconductor on the basis of germanium which, as mentioned, is a rather brittle substance in the crystalline state.
  • the semiconductor member is put under pressure within the holding device, the mechanical stresses resulting from the mutual adaptation and compression of the inter-engaging surfaces, are taken up by the interior deformation of the two indium coatings. This prevents the transmission of direct mechanical stresses upon the wafer or pellet of germanium beyond the limit at which, due to brittleness of the crystal, mechanical damage may be caused to the crystal.
  • the softness of metals increases with their degree of purity. Therefore, the metals to be used for the production of the pressure-face coatings according to the invention should be as pure as possible. I found that the degree of impurity in these metals should be smaller than 0.1% by weight, Le. a purity of more than 99.9% is required.
  • the rectifier or transistor member proper is denoted by 1. It consists of a crystalline semiconductor 1a in the shape of a circular wafer or pellet which is provided with two electrodes or electrode coatings 1b and 1c on opposite broad sides of the crystalline body.
  • the two electrodes 1b and 10 may consist of indium (In) and antimony (Sb) respectively.
  • the electrode 1b may consist of aluminum (Al) and the electrode 1c of an alloy of gold (Au) and antimony (Sb).
  • the device consists of a transistor using germanium as the semiconductor material, then the two electrodes 1b and 10 may both consist of indium, and the base electrode, then located at 1d, may consist of an alloy of lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb).
  • the two electrodes 1b and 1c are in face-to-face contact with respective pressure bodies 2 and 3 of good heatconducting material such as copper, between which the semiconductor member 1 is clamped under pressure.
  • the two pressure bodies 2 and 3 have their active pressure faces coated with respective layers 4 and 50f ductile metal, preferably indium or gold.
  • the two pressure bodies 2 and 3 are fastened by respective screw bolts 8 and 9 to angular supports 10 and 11 which in turn are fastened by means of screws 12, 13 to a base plate 14.
  • Each pressure body 2, 3 is electrically insulated from the adjacent support 10 or 11 by an intermediate insulating layer 6 or 7 which is kept as thin as possible in order to provide for good heat transfer from pressure body to support.
  • the screw bolts 8 and 9 are likewise insulated from the holders and may consist of insulating material.
  • the pressure bodies 2 and 3 are shown to have conical or tapering shape, each having a relatively large surface adjacent to the support 10 or 11.
  • the fastening screws 12 and 13 pass through elongated openings 15 in base plate 14 and can be displaced together with the respective supports 10, 11 for applying the desired clamping pressure to the semiconductor member 1 and securing the supports in the proper position.
  • Such a pressure device permits applying suflicient contact pressure between the semiconductor electrodes and the coatings 4, on the faces of the pressure bodies 2, 3 to secure a most intimate engagement between the mutually engaging faces and thus a good heat transfer between them.
  • the structures 2, 3 or 10, 11 may be provided with cooling ribs or vanes in order to dissipate the heat, coming from the semiconductor member, to a surrounding cooling agent, for instance, the ambient air.
  • the base plate 14 is provided with openings or bores to be traversed by fastening bolts 16, 17 with the aid of which the device can be mounted on the base or other structure 18 of an electrical apparatus or mounting frame.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device comprising a fiat crystalline body of semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of germanium and silicon, said semiconductor body having two electrode coatings on its respective broad sides, one of said coatings consisting of indium, a pressure device having two bodies of heat conducting metal in face-to-face relation to said respective electrode coatings, each of said bodies having a surface coating of ductile metal, one coating consisting of indium and being in contact with said indium electrode coating.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor crystal having two area electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal, a pressure device having two pressure bodies of heat conducting metal each having a face in pressure contact with one of said electrodes, and respective intermediate layers of ductile conductive substance fusion-joined with said bodies on said faces so as to form part of said bodies,
  • one of said layers consisting of ductile metal in contact with said indium electrode, and support means for the bodies in heat conducting relation to the bodies, but elec-- trically insulated therefrom.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor crystal having two electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal,
  • a pressure device having two pressure bodies of heat conducting metal each having a face in pressure contact with one of said electrodes, and respective intermediate layers of ductile conductive substance fusion-joined with said bodies on said faces so as to form part of said bodies, at least one of said electrodes consisting of gold, and one of said layers consisting of ductile metal in contact with said gold electrode.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asym. metrical conductance comprising a semiconductor plate comprising a crystal of a material of the group consisting of germanium and silicon having two area electrodes on opposite sides of the plate, a heat-dissipating device having two pressure bodies of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conducting relation to and in pressure-contact engagement with a respective one of the said electrodes of the semiconductor plate, each of said faces having a coating of ductile, heat conducting metal through which the pressure body is in intimate pressure engagement with the electrode of the semiconductor plate, and support means for the bodies in heat conducting relation to the bodies, but electrically insulated therefrom.
  • a junction-type semiconductor apparatus of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor plate comprising a brittle single crystal having two electrodes on opposite sides of the plate, means for dissipating heat from and for supporting the plate comprising a device having two bodies of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conductive relation with respect to one of the said electrodes of the semiconductor plate, each of said faces having a coating of heat conducting, ductile, metallic material through which the respective body is in intimate engagement with the electrode of the semiconductor plate, said device further comprising two support elements mechanically connected to but electrically insulated from, and in heat conductive relation to, said bodies, and structural means for carrying the two support means a predetermined distance apart from each other.
  • a junction-type semiconductor apparatus of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor plate comprising a crystal of the group consisting of germanium and silicon having two electrodes on opposite sides of the plate, means for dissipating heat from and for supporting the plate comprising a device having two bodies of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conductive relation with respect to one of the said electrodes of the semiconductor plate, each of said faces having a coating of heat conducting, ductile, metallic material through which the respective body is in intimate engagement with the electrode of the semiconductor plate, said device further comprising two support elements mechanically connected to but electrically insulated from, and in heat conductive relation to, said bodies, and structural means for carrying the two support means a predetermined distance apart from each other.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor crystal having two area electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal, a device having two massive blocks of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conducting relation to and in pressure contact with a respective one of said electrodes, each of said faces having a coating of indium.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor crystal having two area electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal, a device having two massive blocks of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conducting relation to and in pressure contact with a respective one of said electrodes, each of said faces having a coating of gold.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor crystal having two area electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal, a device having two massive blocks of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conducting relation to and in pressure contact with a respective one of said electrodes, each of said faces having a coating of indium, and support means for said blocks in heat conducting relation to the blocks, but electrically insulated therefrom.
  • a junction-type semiconductor device of asymmetrical conductance comprising a semiconductor crystal having two area electrodes on opposite sides of the crystal,
  • a device having two massive blocks of heat conducting metal each having a face in wide area heat conducting relation to and in pressure contact with a respective one of said electrodes, each of said faces having a coating of gold, and support means for said blocks in heat conducting relation to the blocks, but electrically insulated therefrom.

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  • Die Bonding (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
US566032A 1955-02-26 1956-02-16 Junction-type semiconductor device Expired - Lifetime US2907935A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES42834A DE1042762B (de) 1955-02-26 1955-02-26 Flaechengleichrichter bzw. -transistor, welcher mit mindestens einer seiner Elektroden flaechenhaft mit einem die Verlustwaerme abfuehrenden Koerper in Kontakt steht

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2907935A true US2907935A (en) 1959-10-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US566032A Expired - Lifetime US2907935A (en) 1955-02-26 1956-02-16 Junction-type semiconductor device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2907935A (de)
CH (1) CH340558A (de)
DE (1) DE1042762B (de)
GB (1) GB802987A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2942166A (en) * 1959-03-23 1960-06-21 Philco Corp Semiconductor apparatus
US3109225A (en) * 1958-08-29 1963-11-05 Rca Corp Method of mounting a semiconductor device
US3109234A (en) * 1957-07-22 1963-11-05 Rca Corp Method of mounting a semiconductor device
US3131460A (en) * 1959-11-09 1964-05-05 Corning Glass Works Method of bonding a crystal to a delay line
US3333163A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-07-25 Int Rectifier Corp Rectifier assembly with interconnecting bus-bar supports
US3467897A (en) * 1965-04-23 1969-09-16 Siemens Ag Housing arrangement for rectifier device
US3491271A (en) * 1965-07-01 1970-01-20 English Electric Co Ltd Housing for electrically conductive heat-dissipating devices
US3532943A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-10-06 Comp Generale Electricite Semiconductor component with additional insulating band
US4209799A (en) * 1976-08-28 1980-06-24 Semikron Gesellschaft Fur Gleichrichterbau Und Elektronik M.B.H. Semiconductor mounting producing efficient heat dissipation
US4333101A (en) * 1979-07-19 1982-06-01 Flight Systems, Inc. Semiconductor heat sink mounting assembly
US4404739A (en) * 1980-04-21 1983-09-20 Thermal Associates, Inc. Method for mounting, electrically isolating and maintaining constant pressure on a semiconductor element

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL113528C (de) * 1959-08-27
NL256369A (de) * 1959-09-30 1900-01-01
DE1185728B (de) * 1960-05-18 1965-01-21 Siemens Ag Halbleiteranordnung, insbesondere Flaechengleichrichter oder -transistor mit einem einkristallinen Halbleiterelement
NL132800C (de) * 1960-11-16
CS159563B1 (de) * 1972-12-28 1975-01-31
DE2729074C2 (de) * 1976-09-03 1982-08-26 International Business Machines Corp., 10504 Armonk, N.Y. Anordnung für ein gekapseltes Halbleiterschaltungsplättchen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1640335A (en) * 1925-01-07 1927-08-23 Union Switch & Signal Co Unidirectional current-carrying device
US1751360A (en) * 1924-09-22 1930-03-18 Ruben Rectifier Corp Electric-current rectifier
US1809925A (en) * 1929-05-14 1931-06-16 American Telephone & Telegraph Variable resistance device
US1894821A (en) * 1933-01-17 Edgar a
US2380880A (en) * 1942-10-19 1945-07-31 Union Switch & Signal Co Alternating electric current rectifier of the selenium type
US2776920A (en) * 1952-11-05 1957-01-08 Gen Electric Germanium-zinc alloy semi-conductors

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2406405A (en) * 1941-05-19 1946-08-27 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Coaxial condenser crystal and method of making same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1894821A (en) * 1933-01-17 Edgar a
US1751360A (en) * 1924-09-22 1930-03-18 Ruben Rectifier Corp Electric-current rectifier
US1640335A (en) * 1925-01-07 1927-08-23 Union Switch & Signal Co Unidirectional current-carrying device
US1809925A (en) * 1929-05-14 1931-06-16 American Telephone & Telegraph Variable resistance device
US2380880A (en) * 1942-10-19 1945-07-31 Union Switch & Signal Co Alternating electric current rectifier of the selenium type
US2776920A (en) * 1952-11-05 1957-01-08 Gen Electric Germanium-zinc alloy semi-conductors

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3109234A (en) * 1957-07-22 1963-11-05 Rca Corp Method of mounting a semiconductor device
US3109225A (en) * 1958-08-29 1963-11-05 Rca Corp Method of mounting a semiconductor device
US2942166A (en) * 1959-03-23 1960-06-21 Philco Corp Semiconductor apparatus
US3131460A (en) * 1959-11-09 1964-05-05 Corning Glass Works Method of bonding a crystal to a delay line
US3333163A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-07-25 Int Rectifier Corp Rectifier assembly with interconnecting bus-bar supports
US3467897A (en) * 1965-04-23 1969-09-16 Siemens Ag Housing arrangement for rectifier device
US3491271A (en) * 1965-07-01 1970-01-20 English Electric Co Ltd Housing for electrically conductive heat-dissipating devices
US3532943A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-10-06 Comp Generale Electricite Semiconductor component with additional insulating band
US4209799A (en) * 1976-08-28 1980-06-24 Semikron Gesellschaft Fur Gleichrichterbau Und Elektronik M.B.H. Semiconductor mounting producing efficient heat dissipation
US4333101A (en) * 1979-07-19 1982-06-01 Flight Systems, Inc. Semiconductor heat sink mounting assembly
US4404739A (en) * 1980-04-21 1983-09-20 Thermal Associates, Inc. Method for mounting, electrically isolating and maintaining constant pressure on a semiconductor element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1042762B (de) 1958-11-06
GB802987A (en) 1958-10-15
CH340558A (de) 1959-08-31

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