Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2079—Monocarboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/007—Soaps or soap mixtures with well defined chain length
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds

Definitions

• anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents such as the water-soluble salts of the sulfuric acid esters of higher aliphatic alcohols and water-soluble salts of alkylated benzene suldetergent compositions which will meet the qualifications above stated.
• a further object is to provide a heavy-duty anionic synthetic detergent composition which has adequate heavy-duty cleansing power with depressed sudsing tions, for example, those described in Byerly U'.S.P.
• 2,486,921 and Strain U.S.P. 2,486,922 and including synthetic anionic sulfate or sulfonate detergents with from 1 to 5 parts of alkali metal tripolyphosphate, are not materially modified with respect to cleansing efficiency by the addition of certain fatty acid mixtures, or soaps thereof, or mixtures of fatty acids and soaps, as more fully hereinafter defined.
• the sudsing power of such detergent compositions is materially decreased so that the detergent composition can be employed in automatic drum-type washers which require low sudsing characteristics. for etficient washing performance.
• the suds depressant which is suitable for use in accordance with the present invention is constituted of a mixture of at least 3 different high molecular weight compounds having acyl radicals of different carbon atom content and selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having from about 16 to about 31 carbon atoms and alkali metal soaps thereof, said mixture containing more than 50% of said compounds having at least 16 carbon atoms and at least 5% of said compounds having at least 20 carbon atoms.
• such mixture of compounds is strikingly more efficient in depressing the sudsing characteristics than is any single compound, and we have found that complexity of the mixture is an important aspect, at least 3 different compounds and preferably 4 or more being desirable in the mixture.
• a fatty acid composition which finds particular value in the practice of the present invention is a commercial product known as Hyfac 431. Bulletins issued by the manufacturer report that this product'is a mixture of fatty acids derived from hydrogenated fish oil andis constituted of about 8% myristic acid, 29% Palmitic acid, 18% stearic acid, 26% arachidic'acid, 17% behenic acid and 2% oleic acid.
• any related fatty acid mixture having about 515% myristic acid, about 25-35% palmitic acid, about 15-25% stearic acid, about 2030% arachidic acid, and about 1020% behenic acid is of outstanding utility in the practice of this invention.
• the mixture of alkali metal soaps of the fatty acids can be employed as well as the fatty acids (and mixtures of fatty acids and soaps) to depress the sudsing action without materially afiecting cleansing performance to" an undesirable degree.
• the normal alkalinity desirable in such heavy-duty detergent compositions is sutficient to convert fatty acid to soap, and in washing solutions of the present detergent compositions the fatty acids can exist substantially wholly as the alkali metal soaps.
• the products of our invention can be prepared by incorporating the fatty acid or soap mixture in the crutching apparatus prior to formation of the product in its. final form, :such as flake, granule, powder, etc.
• the detergent composition (without suds depressant) in its final form can be sprayed with therappropriate mixture of fatty acids to yield a product with the characteristics herein described.
• the performance of the final product is not materially modified by its method of preparation, and whether fatty acid, soap or mixture of soaps and fatty acid is homogeneously dispersed throughout each particle of detergent composition, 'or whether the fatty acid has been sprayed on the particles is immaterial insofar as the cleansing and suds- 4 1 More broadly expressed, the ratio of fatty acid mixture to active anionic synthetic detergent can vary from 0.1 :1 to 1:1.
• Example I To 97 parts of a granular mixture of about 18 parts sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate (the alkyl radical averaging about 12 carbon atoms and being derived from polypropylene), about 48 parts of sodium tripoly-' phosphate, about 6 parts of silicate solids, and about 28 parts of miscellaneous ingredients of which the major portion was water and sodium sulfate, were added 3 parts of a commercial mixture of fatty acids derived from hydrogenated fish oil and bearing the brand name of Hyfac 431. This fatty acid mixture had the following approximate constitution.
• the detergent composi tions which may have sudsing power depressed by practice of the present invention include those of Byerly U.S. 2,486,921 and those of Strain 2,486,922.
• the active ingredients of such compositions embody an anionic synthetic sulfate or sulfon-ate detergent salt and alkali metal tripolyphosphate, the ratio of the tripolyphosphate to the synthetic detergent in the heat-dried products of Strain ranging from 1:1 to 5:1.
• the anionic synthetic to which reference is made is hereinafter generally referred to as a Water-soluble alkali metal salt of an organic sulfuric reaction product having in its molecular structure an alkyl radical having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid'and sulfuric acid ester radicals.
• Important examples of the synthetics which form an active part of the compositions of the present invention are the alkyl sulfates, especially those derived by sulfation of higher alcohols produced by reduction of glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; alkyl benzene sulfonates, especially those of the types described in US. Patents 2,220,099 and 2,477,383; alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of higher alcohols from tallow and coconut oil;
• coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates Water soluble salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e. g. tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and about three moles of ethylene oxide; and others known in the art, a number being specifically set forth in the Byerly and Strain patents.
• Detergent compositions prepared from such Water soluble synthetic detergent salts and containing from about 10% to about 40% of active anionic synthetic with alkali metal tripolyphosphate or other higher polyphosphate within the range of ratios above mentioned, are particularlyuseful in the preparation of the present compositions.
• miscellaneous ingredients including moisture, coloring agents, brightening agents, perfume, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium sulfate, silicate, sodium carbonate and other alkaline salts, and other materials well known as constituents in detergent compositions can be present.
• the sudsing power of all of these detergent compositions is materially depressed by combination with the mixture of compounds herein disclosed without substantially affecting the cleansing efficiency adversely.
• the amount of suds depressant compound used in effecting depression of sudsing power will vary depending on the particular characteristics desired in the final composition, but usually the presence of about 3% to about 6% of the mixture of compounds, calculated as fatty acid and based on the total product, is preferred.
• Oleic acid 2 The resulting product was dissolved .in water at about 0.4% product concentration and employed to wash soiled cotton fabrics in a horizontal rotatable drum type washer under normal laundering conditions. The sudsing characteristics of the detergent solution were depressed but excellentheavy-duty cleansing efliciency was observed.
• Example Il The same general results of Example I were observed when 97 parts of the same alkyl benzene sulfonate detergent composition were mixed with 3 parts of the following fatty acid mixture.
• Example V --An aqueous slurry containing about 16 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate of the type used in Example I, 3 parts of the fatty acid mixture employed in Example I, 45.6 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate and 10 parts of silicate solids were spray dried to form a product which had low sudsing power, but which exhibited adequate heavy-duty cleansing performance when used to wash soiled cotton fabrics in a rotatable drum type of washer.
• alkyl benzene sulfonate type of synthetic detergents having from 9 to 15 carbon atoms, averaging about 12 carbon atoms, in the alkyl radical
• other sulfate or sulfonate synthetic detergents well known in the art can be substituted therefor in these examples.
• alkali metal soaps of fatty acids employed in the depressant compositions of the foregoing examples can be substituted for the acids, or for any of them, as hereinbefore indicated.
• the sudsing depressant of the present invention also finds use in detergent compositions other than laundering agents.
• a small amount of anionic or nonionic synthetic detergent or wetting agent has been found to have an advantageous effect in reducing spotting and film formation.
• even small amounts of such compounds introduce sudsing problems under the conditions of violent agitation prevailing during operation of the dishwasher and the depressants herein defined have found utility in effectively depressing suds formation occasioned by the presence of either anioni'cs or nonionics.
• a laundering composition possessing pronounced heavy-duty cleansing power with depressed sudsing action comprising essentially an anionic water-soluble alkali metal salt of an organic sulfuric reaction product having in its molecular structure an alkyl radical having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acd and sulfuric ester radicals, the said salt having pronounced detergent power in aqueous solution, at least an equal amount by weight of alkali metal polyphosphate, and as a suds depressant a mixture of at least three compounds having acyl radicals of different carbon atom content and selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having from about 16 to about 31 carbon atoms and water soluble alkali metal soaps thereof, said mixture containing more than 50% of said compounds having at least 16 carbon atoms and at least of said compounds having at least 20 carbon atoms, the amount by weight of said mixture being from .1 to 1 times the amount by weight of said sulfur
• a laundering composition possessing pronounced heavy-duty cleansing power with depressed sudsing action comprising essentially a water soluble anionic synthetic detergent salt selected from the group consisting of anionic sulfate and sulfonate synthetic detergents, an

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (215)

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Citations (4)

• 0
  • NL NL211637D patent/NL211637A/xx unknown
  • NL NL114069D patent/NL114069C/xx active
  • BE BE551361D patent/BE551361A/xx unknown
• 1955
  • 1955-10-27 US US543256A patent/US2954347A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1956
  • 1956-10-11 CH CH347596D patent/CH347596A/fr unknown
  • 1956-10-24 GB GB32466/56A patent/GB802302A/en not_active Expired
  • 1956-10-26 FR FR1170200D patent/FR1170200A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1956-10-27 DE DEP17287A patent/DE1056316B/de active Pending

Patent Citations (4)

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