US2973257A - Propellent powder - Google Patents
Propellent powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2973257A US2973257A US231648A US23164851A US2973257A US 2973257 A US2973257 A US 2973257A US 231648 A US231648 A US 231648A US 23164851 A US23164851 A US 23164851A US 2973257 A US2973257 A US 2973257A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- globules
- lacquer
- powder base
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical class [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-M 9-cis,12-cis-Octadecadienoate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QZWHQSRWOYUNFT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hexadecanoate;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O QZWHQSRWOYUNFT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940049918 linoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0066—Shaping the mixture by granulation, e.g. flaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
Definitions
- This invention relates to propellent powders and more particularly to a process of manufacturing substantially spherical grains of smokeless powder.
- Spherical grains of powder have been made, heretofore, in accordance with the process disclosed by Olsen, Tibbitts and Kerone in U.S. Patent 2,027,114.
- This process of making powder grains has proven eminently successful particularly when ethyl acetate is used as the smokeless powder base solvent and water as the dispersing medium.
- lead compounds in powder grains as for example to control burning rate, other ballistic properties, and the like.
- lead compounds for instance lead soaps are soluble to some extent in the admixture of methyl ethyl ketone and non-solvent diluent, particularly toluene (said admixture hereinafter referred to variously as vehicle or lacquer vehicle), the solubility increasing with increase in temperature.
- Lead compounds which are totally insoluble or in amounts which exceed the solubility thereof in the vehicle can be utilized, the uniformity of dispersion of the lead compound in the solidified powder grain varying with the uniformity of the dispersion of insoluble lead compound in the vehicle and lacquer globules.
- composition of the lacquer vehicle to be utilized will vary with the amount of lead compound desired in the solidified powder grains and also with other ingreists to be included in the powder grains.
- deterrents and plasticizers such as dioctylphth-alate, dibutylphthalate, dinitrotoluene and the like, stabilizers, for example diphenylamine and Z-nitrodiphenylamine and the like, carbon black and other pulverulent insoluble modifiers and nitroglycerine can be incorporated in the powder grains and may be introduced as an ingredient of the lacquer vehicle composition.
- the desired density of the powder grains is also to be considered when formulating the lacquer vehicle as the porosity of the powder grain can be regulated to some extent by variation of the non-solvent diluent concentration in the vehicle.
- the porosity of spherical powder grains can be regulated by varying the concentration of non-solvent diluent in a lacquer vehicle containing a smokeless powder base solvent which is at least partially miscible with the non-solvent medium in which the lacquer globules are suspended.
- a lacquer vehicle comprising methyl ethyl ketone must contain at least about 20% non-solvent diluent to be utilized to produce high density powder.
- amounts of non-solvent diluent of as much as 20% are satisfactory for the purpose, particularly when toluene is utilized, although amounts up to have been utilized successfully with a smokeless powder base having a nitrogen content of about 12.6%.
- the powder grains have a gravimetric density of less than 0.900 gram per cubic centimeter and are normally considered to be low density powder grains. Powder grains having a gravimetric density of 0.900 or more can be made with a non-solvent diluent concentration of 5% or more in the methyl ethyl ketone when lead compounds other than lead soaps are incorporated in the grains.
- a ratio of about 2.5 to 6 parts vehicle to 1 part smokeless powder base forms a lacquer having the proper physical properties.
- Differentiation of the aqueous medium without the lacquer globules from that within the globules can be accomplished in accordance with the disclosure of Schaefer in U.S. Patent 2,160,626 and protective colloid may be added to the aqueous medium in accordance with the disclosure in U.S. Patent 2,027,114.
- the lead may be in the form of metallic lead as well as the chemical compounds of lead such as lead soaps, lead chromate, lead oxides, lead sulfide, lead carbonate and the like and in amounts varying from as little as a fraction of a percent up to large amounts. Amounts of lead compounds of about 0.5% to 10% based on the weight of the solidified powder grains are preferred.
- Examples of lead soaps which can be incorporated in spherical powder grains in accordance with this invention include lead stearate, lead oleate, lead palmitate, lead linoleate and the like.
- Nonsolvents substantially miscible with methyl ethyl ketone and substantially immiscible with water such as xylene,
- decane, undecane, dodecane, isopropyl ether, propyl ether, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane or the like can be utilized in order to further explain and clarify this invention following are typical embodiments thereof.
- smokeless powder base of'about 12.6% nitrogen contentfare suspended in about 900 parts water.
- About 7 parts lead stearate, 100 parts lacquer vehicle containing about 80% methyl ethyl ketone saturated with water and about 20% toluene, about 3.6 parts dioctylphthalate and about 1.4 parts 2- nitrodiphenylarnine are homogenized and diluted with about 260 parts vehicle having the same composition as that utilized for the foregoing dispersion medium. This mixture is then added to the aqueous slurry of smokeless powder base and agitated until substantially complete solution of the smokeless powder base.
- the method of shaping and solidifying lacquer globules into gelatinized droplets of smokeless powder base having lead therein which comprises dissolving the smokeless powder base in a vehicle having lead incorporated therein and containing methyl ethyl ketone and a volatile liquid non-solvent which is substantially miscible with methyl ethyl ketone and reduces the miscibility of water therewith, and thereafter solidifying the globules while suspended in the aqueous medium.
- a powder grain composed essentially of a solidified droplet of gelatinized smokeless powder base and having lead dispersed therein.
- a spherical powder grain composed essentially of a solidified droplet of gelatinized smokeless powder base and having a gravimetric density of at least about .900 containing lead substantially uniformly dispersed throughout.
- the process which comprises substantially uniformly dispersing a material selected from the group consisting of metallic lead, lead salts, and lead oxides in a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and a non-solvent diluent, adding said dispersion to an agitated aqueous medium containing a smokeless powder base suspended therein, adding a protective colloid and solidifying the resulting globules of smokeless powder base lacquer while dispersed in the aqueous medium.
- a substantially spherical smokeless powder base grain having a material dispersed therein selected from the group consisting of metallic lead, lead salts, and lead oxides.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US231648A US2973257A (en) | 1951-06-14 | 1951-06-14 | Propellent powder |
| BE597841A BE597841A (fr) | 1951-06-14 | 1960-12-06 | Poudre propulsive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US231648A US2973257A (en) | 1951-06-14 | 1951-06-14 | Propellent powder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2973257A true US2973257A (en) | 1961-02-28 |
Family
ID=22870107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US231648A Expired - Lifetime US2973257A (en) | 1951-06-14 | 1951-06-14 | Propellent powder |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2973257A (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE597841A (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116190A (en) * | 1959-03-25 | 1963-12-31 | Frederick A Zihlman | Gun propellant |
| US3808061A (en) * | 1964-05-22 | 1974-04-30 | Us Army | Nitrocellulose solid propellant composition with load additive to reduce radar attenuation |
| US3954526A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1976-05-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Method for making coated ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate particles and product produced thereby |
| US4469647A (en) * | 1983-03-24 | 1984-09-04 | General Dynamics | Method and apparatus for mixing, casting and dispensing friction-sensitive pyrotechnic materials |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1056389A (en) * | 1912-04-25 | 1913-03-18 | Adinau Company L | Explosive. |
| US1357865A (en) * | 1920-03-03 | 1920-11-02 | Du Pont | Propellent powder and process of making same |
| US1398098A (en) * | 1921-06-28 | 1921-11-22 | Chauncey R H Rex | Process for the manufacture of explosives |
| US1966806A (en) * | 1929-09-17 | 1934-07-17 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of producing smokeless powder |
| US2027114A (en) * | 1932-03-12 | 1936-01-07 | Western Cartridge Co | Manufacture of smokeless powders |
| US2160626A (en) * | 1936-01-02 | 1939-05-30 | Western Cartridge Co | Explosive |
| US2213255A (en) * | 1936-01-06 | 1940-09-03 | Western Cartridge Co | Explosive |
| US2292469A (en) * | 1939-09-25 | 1942-08-11 | Western Cartridge Co | Smokeless powder |
| US2394449A (en) * | 1942-12-12 | 1946-02-05 | Olin Ind Inc | Manufacture of explosives |
| US2498388A (en) * | 1945-06-08 | 1950-02-21 | Alpheus M Ball | Explosive composition |
-
1951
- 1951-06-14 US US231648A patent/US2973257A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1960
- 1960-12-06 BE BE597841A patent/BE597841A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1056389A (en) * | 1912-04-25 | 1913-03-18 | Adinau Company L | Explosive. |
| US1357865A (en) * | 1920-03-03 | 1920-11-02 | Du Pont | Propellent powder and process of making same |
| US1398098A (en) * | 1921-06-28 | 1921-11-22 | Chauncey R H Rex | Process for the manufacture of explosives |
| US1966806A (en) * | 1929-09-17 | 1934-07-17 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of producing smokeless powder |
| US2027114A (en) * | 1932-03-12 | 1936-01-07 | Western Cartridge Co | Manufacture of smokeless powders |
| US2160626A (en) * | 1936-01-02 | 1939-05-30 | Western Cartridge Co | Explosive |
| US2213255A (en) * | 1936-01-06 | 1940-09-03 | Western Cartridge Co | Explosive |
| US2292469A (en) * | 1939-09-25 | 1942-08-11 | Western Cartridge Co | Smokeless powder |
| US2394449A (en) * | 1942-12-12 | 1946-02-05 | Olin Ind Inc | Manufacture of explosives |
| US2498388A (en) * | 1945-06-08 | 1950-02-21 | Alpheus M Ball | Explosive composition |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116190A (en) * | 1959-03-25 | 1963-12-31 | Frederick A Zihlman | Gun propellant |
| US3808061A (en) * | 1964-05-22 | 1974-04-30 | Us Army | Nitrocellulose solid propellant composition with load additive to reduce radar attenuation |
| US3954526A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1976-05-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Method for making coated ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate particles and product produced thereby |
| US4469647A (en) * | 1983-03-24 | 1984-09-04 | General Dynamics | Method and apparatus for mixing, casting and dispensing friction-sensitive pyrotechnic materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE597841A (fr) | 1961-06-06 |
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