US2977434A - Decoding - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2977434A
US2977434A US499462A US49946255A US2977434A US 2977434 A US2977434 A US 2977434A US 499462 A US499462 A US 499462A US 49946255 A US49946255 A US 49946255A US 2977434 A US2977434 A US 2977434A
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United States
Prior art keywords
card
areas
conductive
contact
lines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US499462A
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English (en)
Inventor
William J Shanahan
Richard F Vetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skiatron Electronics and Television Corp
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Skiatron Electronics and Television Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skiatron Electronics and Television Corp filed Critical Skiatron Electronics and Television Corp
Priority to US499462A priority Critical patent/US2977434A/en
Priority to DES48235A priority patent/DE1083311B/de
Priority to ES0227687A priority patent/ES227687A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2977434A publication Critical patent/US2977434A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/161—Constructional details of the subscriber equipment

Definitions

  • This invention relates to scrambled television and particularly to decoding apparatus and cards therefor.
  • one method of unscrambling a televised signal is by use of a business or record card having circuits thereon, such as printed circuits.
  • the card is inserted in a decoding unit and the printed circuits complete the necessary circuits of a switching matrix.
  • the printed circuits complete the necessary circuits of a switching matrix.
  • the edge or elsewhere on the card are discrete conductive areas which may be interconnected by conductive lines drawn from one to another across the top thereof.
  • the number of conductive areas required for a card of this type is large since the conductive printed circuits cannot be physically crossed over other conductive printed circuits.
  • the present invention provides means for obviating the necessity of crossing conductive lines on decoder record cards and has for its main object the provision of a record card which may provide a large number of conductive areas.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide means for permitting a record card to be utilized for a great number of programs.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a record card for a plurality of programs and a corresponding number of sets of conductive areas interconnected by conductive lines.
  • Another object of this invention in conjunction with the preceding object is division of said sets of conductive areas into groups so that at least one group of each set is common to two sets of conductive areas.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of means to position a multiple program record card in a decoder accurately.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a record card with means to sense mutilation of the card and particularly of undesirable circuits thereon.
  • Another object of this invention in conjunction with any of the above objects is to provide means to receive and hold the record card and means to contact the card at conductive areas related in position to the programs being viewed.
  • Figure 1 illustrates decoding apparatus employing a record card
  • Figures 2A and 2B show one embodiment of a partial record card utilizing both faces of the card according to this invention
  • Figure 3 shows a partial view of decoding apparatus similar to that in Figure 1;
  • Figures 4A and 4B show another embodiment "of a partial record card utilizing both faces of the card
  • Figures 5A and 5B illustrate exemplary contacts for use with a record card as in Figure 4B;
  • Figure 6 shows exemplary circuitry for employ-ing a record card and contacts as in Figures 4B and 5B, respectively;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates card mutilation means
  • Figure 8 is an expanded view of a part of Figure 53 further including mutilation sensing means
  • Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12 each show means to cause proper positioning of a record card in a decoder.
  • the decoder 20 may have narrow apertures 22 and 24 on opposite sides for the passage'therethrough of a record card 26.
  • the card Upon inserting the card into aperture 22 the card eventually comes into contact with rubber wheels 28, which hold the card against the upper surface of the decoder 20 and prevent its furthermovement towards the outgoing aperture 24.
  • the rubber wheels 28 are interconnected by axle 30 which may extend outwardly of the decoder 20 and have a thumb wheel 32 connected thereto. For further insertion of the card, the operator need only turn thumb wheel 32 to advance the card to the position desired.
  • On the front or upper side 26A of the card 26 there may be located in different sections (e.g.
  • a set 27 of electrically conductive areas 29 may be placed relative to the position of each section of readable matter on the upper side 26A of the card.
  • the electrically conductive areas 29 and lines 31 are preferably printed on the card but no limitation thereto is intended.
  • a narrow window 34 in Figure 1 Neither is any limitation intended by the showing of a narrow window 34 in Figure 1, since it is apparent that the general window area may be as large or larger than the card itself as long as there remains an indicator by which the operator may see that the card is positioned to the desired section of readable matter. With a narrow window, the indicator is the window itself assuming the lengthwise edges thereof are separated approximately the distance equaling the height of the readable matter in any one section thereof. It will also be apparent that the sets of conductive areas need not be located directly opposite the respective sections of readable matter or even on opposite faces of the cards, but each set of areas should be uniformly related in position to its respective section of readable matter as every other set of conductive areas is so related.
  • each conductive area 29 comprising one set of areas 27 there is provided within the decoder 20 spring contact means (not shown in Figure 1, but see Figure 3 for example) which makes' electrical contact with each area '29 within one set of areas 27 when the card is positioned properly in the window 34.
  • the spring contact means also connect to the decoding circuitry and will be fully described hereinbelow.
  • a .push button 36 is shown for the purpose of punching the cards and causing mutilation thereof so that the subscriber may not seek a re. fund when he has used' the'card for a. particular program.
  • the subscriber can only energize the circuitry within the decoder 2% by depressing push button 36, since attached thereto is a switch (see Fig. 7) for 'ener'gization of the decoding circuitry.
  • the conductive areas 29 are arranged in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the card. This is in contradistinction to the cards exhibited in the previously mentioned co -pending applications where the conductive areas were arranged along one or more edges of the card.
  • Business cards of the type normally used in computing devices are divided into a plurality of columns extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the card. These columns are usually very narrow being of the order of of an inch, but assuming (without limitation intended the assumption being for illustrative purposes only) the maximum necessary height for proper viewing of the that the window 34. encompasses the printing .of a program title, etc., within one section on the front or upper program printing to be one column width, it appears desirable to have the conductive areas 29 nearly twice that height to. allow a sufficient tolerance of error in positioning the card in a decoder.
  • column 1 may consist of the space between dash lines 40 and 42, while column 2 consists of the space between dash lines 42 and dash lines 44, and the program printing may then be centrally located between dash lines 40 and 44 to the extent of one column width in height.
  • the total space between dash lines 40 and 44 (column 1 plus column 2) is termed a section for readable matter.
  • the conductive areas 29 may also extend between dash lines 40 and 44 and in this embodiment one row of areas 29 is one set 27 of areas. Since the next set of areas comprising two columns, column 3 and column 4, also have similar conductive areas 29, these areas in successive rows should not touch each other or even the theoretical dividing lines (such as line 44) between the areas.
  • the conductive areas 29 In order to make a decoding system operative, the conductive areas 29 must be interconnected in the proper manner. However, the interconnecting lines should not be printed too thin or narrow, since if r they are, they will tend to break and/or their resistance I becomes too high. Also the necessary accuracy for dies to print extremely thin lines becomes 'high and increases the cost. Therefore, the printed lines should be of reasonable thickness to assure permanence and absolute continuity thereof.
  • the conductive areas 29 are made as near as possible to be two column widths in height, insuflicient space remains between successive rows or sets 27 of. conductive areas 29 to print reasonable size conductive ink lines above and/ or below the conductive areas. It is, therefore, necessary to provide a sufiicient duplication of the conductive areas so that only adjacent contact segments need to be connected as by lines 31.
  • the interconnection between adjacent areas 29 may vary may be utilized to maintain spring contacts 50 inf'positiqn andwhen card 26 is inserted into the decoder20 positioned with 'the aidof'thei'ubber wheels 28 so side 26A of the card, the spring contacts 50 are touching each one of the conductive areas 29 related in position to the program title readable through the window. It will be understood that "there is one spring contact 50 for each of the conductive areas 29 in one set 27 covering, for example, column 1 and column 2 as shown in Figure-2B. Successive rows ofconductive areas 29 may have diiferent interconnectionsiil for different programs to provide the'proper decoding of the scrambled signal.
  • FIG. 2A and 4B there is shown an exemplary card 60 having a front or upper side 60A and a back or underside 6013.
  • the front side 60A is again utilized for program titles and the height of the printing-is preferably one column although again no limitation is intended to this particular construction.
  • the rear side 60B is divided into two :sections'62 and 64.
  • the conductive areas 66 are still nearly two columns wide in height but section '64 has no conductive areas 66 in columns 1 and 2, while section 62 has a plunality of conductive areas 66 in columns 1 and 2. In'
  • each set of conductive areas is comprised of two groups I of areas arranged in stair-step form and it will become apparent that each group is utilized for two successive programs.
  • printed conductive ink lines 68 maybe placed both above and below the conductive areas 66 without the possibility of shorting adjacent rows of con ductive areas 66.
  • the spring contact means used with a card of this type is shown in Figures 5A and 5B.
  • the upper spring contact 70 is connected 'in parallel by conductor 72 with the lower spring contact 74, two such spring contacts comprising one set of contact means and extending the width of two rows (four columns).
  • Each set of spring contacts. instead of comprising two individual spning contacts could as well be one integral piece having two con tact points similar to contact points 76.
  • the printed circuit connections such as lines 68, secret from the subscriber
  • these connections may be covered with opaque material such as masking tape.
  • the subscriber could of course remove, or partially remove, the covering to learn the coding for a particular program and make the proper internal decoder connections without the aid of the card.
  • the masking tape may be of the type which when removed, destroys wholly or partially the conductive ink lines and makes it practically impossible for the subscriber to re-ink the lines or reglue the tape without leaving tell-tale indications of some sort.
  • the opaque covering material should have insulative properties so that no point of any spring contact can touch the printed ink lines. This will prevent a shorting connection from a conductive area and a contact spring when not so intended.
  • Figure 4B illustrates a decoding card divided into two longitudinal sections 62 and 64
  • this invention has within its purview the use of three or more such sections with each section being a group having a plurality of conductive areas for each set of areas as do sections 62 and 64.
  • a corresponding number of spring contacts would then be provided each with a corresponding number of contact points if the groups of conductive areas are arranged in stair-step form from section to section.
  • the groups of areas could also be arranged in zigzag form from section to section and would then cover no more longitudinal card area than the conductive areas 66 shown in Figure 4B.
  • each of the spring contacts in groups 78 and 80 of Figure 5B may lead to circuits as shown in Figure 6 which represents exemplary receiver circuitry and apparatus similar to that described in the above mentioned copending applications.
  • Figure 6 represents exemplary receiver circuitry and apparatus similar to that described in the above mentioned copending applications.
  • the transmitted video signal has been delayed sporadically, or periodically in 3 two or more modes.
  • the present invention concerning a record card may be utilized in any of the embodiments of the aforementioned oo-pending applications.
  • the mode of the delayed video is in accordance with particular combinations of oscillations of ditferent frequencies which may be inserted between the equalizing pulses or the vertical pulses in the vertical blanking period for transmission and which provide a code combination signal the reception of which provides information for compensating for the transmitted delayed video.
  • oscillations are obtained on line from the synchronization and video separator 102 after being received in receiver circuits 104.
  • Band pass filters 106 and 108 pass, respectively, only the frequency of oscillation of the oscillations generated at the transmitter.
  • Within dash line 110 are shown the spring contacts referred to in Figure 5B. These spring contacts are individually designated in the same sequence as those of Figure 5B.
  • each flip-flop has two output lines which may assume relatively high and low potentials according to which of their two inputs receives a signal.
  • each flip-flop 114 and 116 are connected to spring contacts 0 O O 0 respectively, there being two sets of these contacts connected in parallel so that a more complex coding system may be utilized at the transmitter.
  • Spring contacts 6,, G and G are connected to gates 130, 132 and 134, respectively, at the enabling inputs thereof.
  • the video signal may have two or more delay modes and is represented in Figure 6 as being delayed an amount corresponding or complementary to the delay of the video signal at the transmitter. Delay. 138 delays the video signal the proper amount and presents it to gate 132, while delay 140 allows presentation of a longer delayed video signal to gate 134.
  • FIG. 4B there is shown a continuous longitudinal column 146 which has conductive properties.
  • Figure 5B there is shown a set of contact terminals 148 which are not connected together as are the similar spring contacts of Figure 5B. The purpose of the longitudinal column 146 is to make contact between the .terminals 148. These terminals may lead toany circuit within the receiver system; and,
  • conductive area 150 is connected by line 152 to conductive area 154. Relating this connection to the corresponding spring contacts and I in Figure 6, it will be apparent thatthe input of flip-flop 116 is shorted to the output of flip-flop 114.
  • conductive area 156 is connectedby line 158 to conductive area 160. Relating these connections to the spring contacts 0 and I of Figure 6, it'will be apparent that the input and output of flip-flop 114 is shorted. Under either one of these shorting conditions, improper circuit connections are made and, it becomes necessary to sever these connections in order to viewan unscrambled picture.
  • Figure 7 shows exemplary apparatus for mutilating the card with a punchedhole and severing the printed circuit lines 152 or 158, and the like, of Figure 4B.
  • the button 170. When the button 170. is depressed the U-shaped structure 172 is pivoted as at point 174 and the arm 176 moves upward to cut an aperture through the card 178.
  • An indentation :oraperture 180 in the decoder box 182 may provide 'a diehole for arm7176.
  • the punching apparatus shown in Figure 7 maybe made to destroy the continuity of the printed circuit lines 152 or 158 by punching an aperture 184 therethrough. This will, of course, also show mutilation of the card amd prevent improper refunds to the subscriber.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a. modification and enlargement of a portion of Figure 4B showing several rows of conductive areas 66 divided into two sections 62 and 64 as in Figure 4B.
  • Shorting lines 152 and 158 interconnecting the groups of conductive areas between the sections are provided with printed mark sensing or mutilating sensing regions 186, there being a connection from each shorting line 152, 158, and the like, to a set of two such regions, onebeing connected andpreferably located on each side of the general area or place where the mutilation of the card and shorting connection would normally occur. Since these mark sensing regions 186 may be printed accurately in position relative to the columns of the card, a more accurate sensing of mutilation of the printed'lines 152 and 158 and the like may be made. Instruments well known to those skilled in the art can automatically measure the resistance between the two mark sensing rectangles of a set of rectangles 186. Although this embodimenthas been described as utilizing printed sensing regions 186, no limitation thereto is intended since those skilled in the art will recognize that conductive material maybe bonded to the card to'formsimilar functioning regions.
  • Automaticmeans may be provided to require 'the'subscriber. to position the'e-ard in the decoderproperly before :the decoder may be operated.
  • Figure :9- there is shown a card 2001having aseries of prepunched aper tures 202 evenly spaced apart.
  • a pinion 204 may-be provided so thatits teeth extend through the apertures 202 and may be rotatable so as to advance the card 202 only 'insteps .of two column widths.
  • a tray 210 asshown in Figure 10 may be provided for car-ryingthe card through the decoder.
  • Tray dimensions or stops (not shown) within the-tray should be such that the cardcannot be orientated .askew within'the tray.
  • On the bottom .of the tray 210 maybe provided a rack and pinion arrangement 212 which may advance the tray, and consequently the card, two columns per step.
  • FIG. 11 Another modification for permitting the subscriberto know definitely when he has the card properly positioned is shown in Figure 11.
  • the card 214 may be provided a continuous electrically conductive strip or column 216 (preferably printed) having a plurality of electrically conductive offshoots 218 spaced two columnsapart.
  • a terminal or spring contact 220 positioned to contact the continuous strip 216, and a second terminal 'or spring 'contact 222 positioned to contact only the offshoots 218.
  • Connected to spring contact 220 is a source of voltage 224, and connected to spring contact 222 is a neon bulb 226, the other'side of which is grounded.
  • the spring contacts 220 and 222 will be interconnected by the printed circuit on.
  • the card 214 and the neon bulb will light.
  • the bulb may be placed on the outside of the decoder box to act 'as a pilotlight or may be placed'in-the window o'f'thedecoderto light the program titlefor the subscribe'rs viewing.
  • FIG 12 there is shown still another'modification which prevents the subscriber from utilizing the decoding card unless the card'is accurately positioned.
  • the punching key 236 is in its upward position the guide pin 234 is prevented from falling downwardly by a plate 238 spring biased'to the right by spring 240.
  • the plate 238 is prevented from moving to the right, however, when the punching key 236 is in the upper position by the cam surface 242.
  • the first portion of the downward movement of the-key allows the plate 238 to move to the right and the aperture 244 in plate 238 aligns with the guide ,pin234.
  • the ,guide pin falls further down and prevents movement of the plate 246 to'the right since stub 248 is-thenin physicalrcontactwith the guide pin 234. Further movement of the key 236 downwardly pivots arm 2 50 aboutpoint 252- to push the cuttingarm 254- through aperture 256 and through card 232 into the die hole 258.
  • the punching key 236 may be biasedupwardly (not shown) and upon removal of the operators hand, cam surface .242 pushes plate 238 to the left. Aperture 244 rides against cam surface 260 of the guide pin -234 and pushes theguide pin 234 upwardlyeven-though theyguide pin 234 is spring biased downwardlytby compression spring 262. If-there'had been no aperture 230 inthe card .232 directly .below guide ,pin :234, full depressionof the punching key 236 would have moved plate 246 to the :right due to cam surface .264 and prevented alignment of cutting arm 254 with the.ap erture 256. Therefore, with this system the subscriber may not mutilate and .use'the card unless the card is accurately'positioned within the decoder.
  • a record for use in decoding apparatus comprising a card having at least two longitudinally extending sections, a plurality of uniformly longitudinally displaced rows of discrete electrically conductive areas disposed on the card transversely of said sections with immediately successive rows being fully in difierent ones of said sections, there being a plurality of said rows in each said section with the areas in different rows in any one of said sections being in substantial longitudinal alignment, and a plurality of conductive lines on the card connecting respectively an area of each of said rows to an area in the respective immediately successive row.
  • a card as in claim 2 including other conductive lines interconnecting at least non-adjacent areas in each of at least some of said rows.
  • Decoding apparatus comprising the record card of claim 2, a plurality of discrete contacts arranged in at least two rows having an equal number of said contacts and extending transversely substantially across said sections in contact with said card, said contact rows being displaced from each other in the card longitudinal direction the same distance as the longitudinal displace ment of immediately successive area rows on the card, said contacts being in substantial alignment in said longitudinal direction with the so aligned contacts being electrically connected together to form a plurality of contact pairs, and means for holding said card in any one of a plurality of positions in each of which one and only one of the contacts in each of said contact pairs makes contact with one of said conductive areas, some of the contact pairs being thereby in contact with respective said areas in only one row of areas, which as aforesaid is in only one of saidcard sections, and others of the contact pairs being thereby in contact with respective said areas only in the immediately successive row of areas, which are aforesaid is fully in another of said card sections.
  • Apparatus as in claim 11 including means for causing one of said lines to be broken only if the immediately successive rows of areas connected by that line are in contact with said contact pairs as aforesaid.
  • the record card further includes a plurality of pairs of electrically conductive sensing regions for respectively determining the continuity of said lines as between respective pairs of spaced points thereon, and wherein the last mentioned means breaks any of said lines between its respective pair of spaced points.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
US499462A 1955-04-05 1955-04-05 Decoding Expired - Lifetime US2977434A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US499462A US2977434A (en) 1955-04-05 1955-04-05 Decoding
DES48235A DE1083311B (de) 1955-04-05 1956-03-31 Vorrichtung und Geraet zur Entschluesselung von verschluesselt uebertragenen Fernsehsignalen
ES0227687A ES227687A1 (es) 1955-04-05 1956-04-04 PERFECCIONAMIENTOS EN SISTEMAS DE TELEVISIoN

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US499462A US2977434A (en) 1955-04-05 1955-04-05 Decoding

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US2977434A true US2977434A (en) 1961-03-28

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US499462A Expired - Lifetime US2977434A (en) 1955-04-05 1955-04-05 Decoding

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DE (1) DE1083311B (es)
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3274333A (en) * 1952-10-23 1966-09-20 Skiatron Elect & Tele Scrambled television system
US3475547A (en) * 1965-06-30 1969-10-28 Zenith Radio Corp Subscription television receiver with program use recording
US3479473A (en) * 1966-05-09 1969-11-18 Otto Ramstetter Mechanical scanning device having disengageable scanning and driving means for program control cards
US3534397A (en) * 1966-05-20 1970-10-13 Amp Inc Punched data card reader
US3736369A (en) * 1972-03-13 1973-05-29 Theatre Vision Inc Technique for encoding and decoding scrambled t.v. transmissions by the simultaneous transmission of the encoding and decoding signals
US4058830A (en) * 1975-06-06 1977-11-15 Yves Maurice Guinet One way data transmission system
US4115662A (en) * 1975-06-06 1978-09-19 Etablissement Public Dit Telediffusion De France One way data transmission system
EP0140705A3 (en) * 1983-10-31 1987-09-02 R F Monolithics, Inc. Television scrambling and descrambling method and apparatus
US5282249A (en) * 1989-11-14 1994-01-25 Michael Cohen System for controlling access to broadcast transmissions
US5581614A (en) * 1991-08-19 1996-12-03 Index Systems, Inc. Method for encrypting and embedding information in a video program

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1189738B (de) * 1961-02-21 1965-03-25 Licentia Gmbh Registriergeraet mit zwischen zwei sich kreuzenden Leiterscharen ruhend angeordnetem Registrierpapier
IL92310A (en) * 1989-11-14 1994-05-30 News Datacom Ltd System for controlling access to broadcast transmissions
IT1239581B (it) * 1990-02-07 1993-11-10 Antonini Vittorio Sistema di codificazione-decodificazione di trasmissioni televisive e scheda elettronica da impiegare in fase di decodificazione.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE23877E (en) * 1954-09-28 Tube sockets for printed circuits
US2734954A (en) * 1956-02-14 Card switching device
US1393822A (en) * 1917-05-14 1921-10-18 John B Parker Electric switch
US2041589A (en) * 1931-01-30 1936-05-19 William Saal Changeable electric light device
US2171556A (en) * 1933-08-21 1939-09-05 Harold H Higginbottom Record sheet for statistical purposes
US2284916A (en) * 1939-02-06 1942-06-02 Lloyd P Morris Program selector
US2478274A (en) * 1945-03-17 1949-08-09 Ibm Circuit connecting device
US2517984A (en) * 1947-08-25 1950-08-08 Ibm Perforated record sensing device
US2483551A (en) * 1947-09-20 1949-10-04 Control Instr Co Inc Data transfer mechanism for tabulators and the like
US2594069A (en) * 1948-02-28 1952-04-22 Mallory & Co Inc P R Battery voltage selector jumper board and terminal board for industrial truck chargers
US2695351A (en) * 1950-01-12 1954-11-23 Beck S Inc Electric circuit components and methods of preparing the same
US2680791A (en) * 1952-05-08 1954-06-08 Chatelain Frederic Automatic distributor of electric current
US2817824A (en) * 1952-11-21 1957-12-24 Rca Corp Card switching device
US2794869A (en) * 1954-09-17 1957-06-04 Maurice J Noregaard Combination electric switch and shearing apparatus

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3274333A (en) * 1952-10-23 1966-09-20 Skiatron Elect & Tele Scrambled television system
US3475547A (en) * 1965-06-30 1969-10-28 Zenith Radio Corp Subscription television receiver with program use recording
US3479473A (en) * 1966-05-09 1969-11-18 Otto Ramstetter Mechanical scanning device having disengageable scanning and driving means for program control cards
US3534397A (en) * 1966-05-20 1970-10-13 Amp Inc Punched data card reader
US3736369A (en) * 1972-03-13 1973-05-29 Theatre Vision Inc Technique for encoding and decoding scrambled t.v. transmissions by the simultaneous transmission of the encoding and decoding signals
US4058830A (en) * 1975-06-06 1977-11-15 Yves Maurice Guinet One way data transmission system
US4115662A (en) * 1975-06-06 1978-09-19 Etablissement Public Dit Telediffusion De France One way data transmission system
EP0140705A3 (en) * 1983-10-31 1987-09-02 R F Monolithics, Inc. Television scrambling and descrambling method and apparatus
US5282249A (en) * 1989-11-14 1994-01-25 Michael Cohen System for controlling access to broadcast transmissions
US5481609A (en) * 1989-11-14 1996-01-02 News Data Security Products Ltd. System for controlling access to broadcast transmissions
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DE1083311B (de) 1960-06-15

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