US2982791A - Recovery of d-arabitol from fermentation broths - Google Patents
Recovery of d-arabitol from fermentation broths Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2982791A US2982791A US711770A US71177058A US2982791A US 2982791 A US2982791 A US 2982791A US 711770 A US711770 A US 711770A US 71177058 A US71177058 A US 71177058A US 2982791 A US2982791 A US 2982791A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- arabitol
- alcohol
- recovery
- water
- fermentation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 title description 23
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-arabitol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012675 alcoholic extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N D-Arabitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N 0.000 description 16
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000235033 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010051210 beta-Fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KTUQUZJOVNIKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCCCO KTUQUZJOVNIKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 molasses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/18—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
- Y10S435/94—Saccharomyces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the recovery of polyhydric alcohols and in particular to the recovery of D- arabitol from fermentation broths containing them.
- micro-organisms for example osmophilic yeasts known as Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces mellis can produce D-arabitol during the fermentation of suitable nutrient media.
- Other polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol or erythritol are also frequently formed during these fermentations.
- Sources of the micro-organisms and methods for the isolation of suitable cultures of these micro-organisms are described in this publication.
- the organisms Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces mellis are described in the book The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study by Lodder and Kreger-van-Rij, published by Interscience Publishers.
- carbohydrate such as molasses
- molasses is used in the fermentation medium.
- the present invention is a method for the recovery of D-arabitol from fermentation broths containing it comprising reducing the volume of the fermentation broth by the removal of water, extracting the concentrate thus formed with normal or isobutyl alcohol .and recovering the D-arabitol from the alcoholic extract.
- the fermentation broth shall be :obtained by the fermentation of a suitable nutrient medium by the organism Saccharomyces rouxii or Saccharo- .myces mellis.
- the volume of the fermentation broth may be reduced by any method known in the art providing that care is :taken to prevent impairment of the yield of the D-arabiitol.
- the broth may be evaporated at low temperatures under reduced pressure, in order to prevent charting of the broth contents. It is preferred, however, that the removal of water be accomplished by vazeotrop-ic distillation in the presence of the butyl alcohol which forms an azeotrope with water, wherein the water is removed as the water/ alcohol azeotrope.
- the fermentation broth may be mixed with normal butyl alcohol and the mixture distilled through a distillation column from the top of which is removed a water/ alcohol azeotrope.
- the distillation may then be stopped and the residual layer and alcohol may be further agitated together, if desired.
- the mixture is then allowed to separate and the alcoholic layer is removed before cooling and may be concentrated.
- the residue may then be ex- 2,982,791 Patented May 2, 1961 pr ce tracted with further batches of alcohol if desired. 0n
- isobutyl alcohol may also be used since this also has a boiling point above 103 C. and forms an organic layer in the presence of water, for example in the fermentation broth; which enables the alcoholic and residual layers to be readily separated and the alcoholic layer containing D-arabitol to be recovered.
- the D-arabitol may be recovered from the alcoholic extract by allowing the extract to cool if necessary after concentration in volume, whereupon crystals of D-arabitol are precipitated. Where molasses has been used in the fermentation medium, the crystals tend to be coloured. These may be further purified by washing, for example, with acetone, and the colour improved by re-crystallization from butanol or methyl alcohol, in the presence of a small amount of active carbon, if desired.
- the fermentation broth contains glycerol
- this is also extracted by the alcohol and may be recovered from the mother liquor after the D-arabitol has crystallized out, by any suitable means, for example by steam distillation under reduced pressure after removal of the alcohol.
- the glycerol may be recovered before the alcohol extraction by the same method. If the latter course is adopted it is advisable to remove the cells of the micro-organisms by filtration before the steam distillation step.
- Example 1 The fermentation medium containing 30% weight/volume high test molasses, 0.075 weight/volume urea and 0.375 volume/volume corn steep liquor together with 0.022% volume/volume invertase enzyme was fermented with a D-arabitol and glycerol-producing osmophilic strain of Saccharomyces isolated from broad comb pollen for eight days at 35 C. to 37 C., with aeration and agitation. To the fermentation whole broth were then added 1.5 parts of n-butanol, based-on the amount of water present, and the mixture was distilled and a water/ n-butanol azeotrope was taken from the top of the column until the fermentation broth was reduced to about one third of its original volume.
- the mother liquor from the first crystallization was subjected to steam distillation under reduced pressure to recover the glycerol.
- the yield of D-arabitol was 45% by weight and the yield of glycerol was 6.0% by weight, based upon the sugar content of the mash before inversion.
- the estima- 3 tions were carried o'ut'by the periodate oxidation method.
- a method for the recovery of D-arabitol from fermentation broth containing same comprising adding to the broth an alcohol selected from the group consisting of normaland iso-butyl alcohol, heating the resulting mixture, removing water from said mixture as the alco- 1101/ water azeotrope, and thereafter recovering D-arabitol from the remaining alcoholic extract.
- a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fermentation broth is obtained by fermenting a nutrient medium with a D-ara-bitol producing. organism selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces mellis,
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
States Paten 50 I RECOVERY OF D-ARABITOL FROM FERMEN- TATION BROTHS William Denis Podmore, Lower Bebington, Wirral, and
. Maxwell Graham Bennett, Tadworth, England, assignors to Commercial Solvents (Great Britain) Limited,
Bromborough Port, England, a British company No Drawing. Filed Jan. 29, 1958, Ser. No. 711,770
Claims priority, application Great Britain Feb. 13, 1957 3 Claims. or. 260637) The present invention relates to the recovery of polyhydric alcohols and in particular to the recovery of D- arabitol from fermentation broths containing them.
It is known that certain micro-organisms, for example osmophilic yeasts known as Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces mellis can produce D-arabitol during the fermentation of suitable nutrient media. Other polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol or erythritol are also frequently formed during these fermentations. Such fermentations are described, for example, in published work by Spencer and Sallans in Canadian Journal of Microbiology (1956) 2, pages 72-79. Sources of the micro-organisms and methods for the isolation of suitable cultures of these micro-organisms are described in this publication. The organisms Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces mellis are described in the book The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study by Lodder and Kreger-van-Rij, published by Interscience Publishers.
It has hitherto been found difficult to recover D-arabitol from such fermentations in a relatively pure form, particularly when an impure and highly coloured source of.
carbohydrate, such as molasses, is used in the fermentation medium.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method whereby the D-arabitol may be recovered from fermentation broths containing it.
Accordingly, the present invention is a method for the recovery of D-arabitol from fermentation broths containing it comprising reducing the volume of the fermentation broth by the removal of water, extracting the concentrate thus formed with normal or isobutyl alcohol .and recovering the D-arabitol from the alcoholic extract.
It is preferred that the fermentation broth shall be :obtained by the fermentation of a suitable nutrient medium by the organism Saccharomyces rouxii or Saccharo- .myces mellis.
The volume of the fermentation broth may be reduced by any method known in the art providing that care is :taken to prevent impairment of the yield of the D-arabiitol. For example, the broth may be evaporated at low temperatures under reduced pressure, in order to prevent charting of the broth contents. It is preferred, however, that the removal of water be accomplished by vazeotrop-ic distillation in the presence of the butyl alcohol which forms an azeotrope with water, wherein the water is removed as the water/ alcohol azeotrope. For ex- :ample, the fermentation broth may be mixed with normal butyl alcohol and the mixture distilled through a distillation column from the top of which is removed a water/ alcohol azeotrope. When the desired quantity of water has been removed, for example, when the fermentation broth has been reduced to about one third of its original volume or when substantially the whole of the water has been removed the distillation may then be stopped and the residual layer and alcohol may be further agitated together, if desired. The mixture is then allowed to separate and the alcoholic layer is removed before cooling and may be concentrated. The residue may then be ex- 2,982,791 Patented May 2, 1961 pr ce tracted with further batches of alcohol if desired. 0n
cooling the D-arabitol crystallizes out from the alcohol in good yield and in relatively high purity.
It has been found desirable to complete the extraction at temperatures above 103 C. since this is the temperature at which D-arabitol melts and the extraction is more rapidly accomplished. This may be accomplished by removing substantially all the water from the fermenta-I tion broth, for example by azeotropic distillation and then by boiling the residue with the normalor iso-butyl alcohol.
While it is preferred to use normal butyl alcohol for the purpose of extracting the concentrated fermentation broth, isobutyl alcohol may also be used since this also has a boiling point above 103 C. and forms an organic layer in the presence of water, for example in the fermentation broth; which enables the alcoholic and residual layers to be readily separated and the alcoholic layer containing D-arabitol to be recovered.
The D-arabitol may be recovered from the alcoholic extract by allowing the extract to cool if necessary after concentration in volume, whereupon crystals of D-arabitol are precipitated. Where molasses has been used in the fermentation medium, the crystals tend to be coloured. These may be further purified by washing, for example, with acetone, and the colour improved by re-crystallization from butanol or methyl alcohol, in the presence of a small amount of active carbon, if desired.
When the fermentation broth contains glycerol, this is also extracted by the alcohol and may be recovered from the mother liquor after the D-arabitol has crystallized out, by any suitable means, for example by steam distillation under reduced pressure after removal of the alcohol. Alternatively, the glycerol may be recovered before the alcohol extraction by the same method. If the latter course is adopted it is advisable to remove the cells of the micro-organisms by filtration before the steam distillation step.
It is preferred to extract the fermentation broth with the alcohol before recovering the glycerol.
The following example is given to illustrate one method of carrying out the present invention.
Example The fermentation medium containing 30% weight/volume high test molasses, 0.075 weight/volume urea and 0.375 volume/volume corn steep liquor together with 0.022% volume/volume invertase enzyme was fermented with a D-arabitol and glycerol-producing osmophilic strain of Saccharomyces isolated from broad comb pollen for eight days at 35 C. to 37 C., with aeration and agitation. To the fermentation whole broth were then added 1.5 parts of n-butanol, based-on the amount of water present, and the mixture was distilled and a water/ n-butanol azeotrope was taken from the top of the column until the fermentation broth was reduced to about one third of its original volume. The mixture of n-butanol and concentrated fermentation broth remaining was allowed to separate into organic and aqueous layers and the organic layer was separated while still hot. On cooling the D-arab-itol crystallized out and was separated from the mother liquor, washed with acetone and recrystallized from n-butanol in the presence of a small amount of active carbon. The product was a white crystalline solid of melting point about 102 C.
The mother liquor from the first crystallization was subjected to steam distillation under reduced pressure to recover the glycerol.
The yield of D-arabitol was 45% by weight and the yield of glycerol was 6.0% by weight, based upon the sugar content of the mash before inversion. The estima- 3 tions were carried o'ut'by the periodate oxidation method.
We claim:
1. A method for the recovery of D-arabitol from fermentation broth containing same comprising adding to the broth an alcohol selected from the group consisting of normaland iso-butyl alcohol, heating the resulting mixture, removing water from said mixture as the alco- 1101/ water azeotrope, and thereafter recovering D-arabitol from the remaining alcoholic extract.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the water 10 is removed until the broth is reduced to about 6 its original volume, the aqueous and alcoholic layers are then separated while hot, and D-arabitol is recovered from the alcoholic layer by crystallization.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fermentation broth is obtained by fermenting a nutrient medium with a D-ara-bitol producing. organism selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces mellis,
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,410,5'18' Neuberg Nov. 5, 1946 2,461,220 Lorand Feb. 8, 1949 2,793 981 Spencer et al. May 28, 1957
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF D-ARABITOL FROM FERMENTATION BROTH CONTAINING SAME COMPRISING ADDING TO THE BROTH AN ALCOHOL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NORMAL-AND ISO-BUTYL ALCOHOL, HEATING THE RESULTING MIXTURE, REMOVING WATER FROM SAID MIXTURE AS THE ALCOHOL/WATER AZEOTROPE, AND THEREAFTER RECOVERING D-ARABITOL FROM THE REMAINING ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2982791X | 1957-02-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2982791A true US2982791A (en) | 1961-05-02 |
Family
ID=10919098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US711770A Expired - Lifetime US2982791A (en) | 1957-02-13 | 1958-01-29 | Recovery of d-arabitol from fermentation broths |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2982791A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2410518A (en) * | 1942-12-30 | 1946-11-05 | Carl A Neuberg | Production of glycerin from sugar by yeast fermentation |
| US2461220A (en) * | 1947-03-14 | 1949-02-08 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Separation of polyhydric alcohols |
| US2793981A (en) * | 1955-05-16 | 1957-05-28 | Canada Nat Res Council | Production of glycerol and d-arabitol |
-
1958
- 1958-01-29 US US711770A patent/US2982791A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2410518A (en) * | 1942-12-30 | 1946-11-05 | Carl A Neuberg | Production of glycerin from sugar by yeast fermentation |
| US2461220A (en) * | 1947-03-14 | 1949-02-08 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Separation of polyhydric alcohols |
| US2793981A (en) * | 1955-05-16 | 1957-05-28 | Canada Nat Res Council | Production of glycerol and d-arabitol |
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