US2985522A - Unleaded motor fuel - Google Patents

Unleaded motor fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
US2985522A
US2985522A US757203A US75720358A US2985522A US 2985522 A US2985522 A US 2985522A US 757203 A US757203 A US 757203A US 75720358 A US75720358 A US 75720358A US 2985522 A US2985522 A US 2985522A
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United States
Prior art keywords
motor fuel
gasoline
acid
unleaded
octane
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Expired - Lifetime
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US757203A
Inventor
Robert C Binning
Clifton N Sechrist
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Standard Oil Co
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Standard Oil Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Standard Oil Co filed Critical Standard Oil Co
Priority to US757203A priority Critical patent/US2985522A/en
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Publication of US2985522A publication Critical patent/US2985522A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a motor fuel of improved octane number. Particularly the invention relates to an unleaded gasoline containing an octane improving component.
  • the octane race has forced the octane number of motor fuels used in internal combustion engines, which are spark ignited, to the region of 100. Refiuers are now forced to struggle for fractions of an octane number improvement.
  • the octane race is particularly severe on refiners selling unleaded (clear) gasoline i.e. gasoline containing no tetraethyl-lead additive.
  • An object of the invention is an unleaded gasoline.
  • a particular object is an unleaded gasoline containing an organic octane improving component.
  • the motor fuel of the invention comprises hydrocarbons boiling over the gasoline range and a low molecular weight fatty acid which contains from 3 to carbon atoms.
  • the motor fuel of the invention generally contains between about 1 and 15 volume percent of the defined acid or mixtures of these acids. More usually the unleaded motor fuel contains between about 2 and 8 volume percent, based on fuel, of the defined acid.
  • the motor fuel of the invention contains gasoline as the main component.
  • the main component of the motor fuel consists of hydrocarbons boiling over the gasoline range.
  • the gasoline range broadly extends over the region between about 100 F. to 425 F. It is to be understood that the endpoint of the gasoline component may vary with the particular motor fuel requirements, for example, the endpoint may be as low as 350 F.
  • the hydrocarbons present in the gasoline component may be any of those commonly present in commercial gasoline.
  • the motor fuel may contain in addition to the defined acid and the gasoline hydrocarbons, various additives to improve its stability and decrease corrosivity. Dyes may be present.
  • the motor fuel of the invention is characterized by an absence of tetraethyl-lead additive.
  • the octane improving component of the motor fuel of the invention may be one or more of the fatty acids containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • these acids are n-propionic acid, methylpropionic acid, n-butyric 2,985,522 Patented May 23, 1961 ice 2 acid, isobutyric acid and methylbutyric acid. branched-chain acids. are preferred.
  • the motor fuel of the invention is illustrated by examples showing the blending octane numbers of 4 species of the defined acids.
  • the gasoline component utilized in the illustrative motor fuels was a blending of napthas obtained from catalytic reforming, naphthas obtained from catalytic cracking and butylenedsobutane alkylate. The gasoline component was unleaded.
  • the clear gasoline component had a CFR-R octane number of 97.3 and a CFR-M octane number of 86.3.
  • the illustrative motor fuels consisted of 95 volume percent of the clear gasoline component and 5 volume percent of the particular acid.
  • the blending octane number of each acid was calculated from the actual octane number of the particular motor fuel.
  • the blending octane numbers for the particular acids of each motor fuel are set out in the table.
  • An unleaded gasoline containing from about 2 to about 8 volume percent of a branched chain fatty acid having 4-5 carbon atoms.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

United Snares Patent UNLEADED MOTOR FUEL Robert C. Binuing, and Clifton N. Sechrist, Texas City, Tex., assignors, by mesue assignments, to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, lll., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Filed Aug. 26, 1958, Ser. No. 757,203
3 Claims. (Cl. 44-70) This invention relates to a motor fuel of improved octane number. Particularly the invention relates to an unleaded gasoline containing an octane improving component.
The octane race has forced the octane number of motor fuels used in internal combustion engines, which are spark ignited, to the region of 100. Refiuers are now forced to struggle for fractions of an octane number improvement. The octane race is particularly severe on refiners selling unleaded (clear) gasoline i.e. gasoline containing no tetraethyl-lead additive.
An object of the invention is an unleaded gasoline. A particular object is an unleaded gasoline containing an organic octane improving component.
The motor fuel of the invention comprises hydrocarbons boiling over the gasoline range and a low molecular weight fatty acid which contains from 3 to carbon atoms. The motor fuel of the invention generally contains between about 1 and 15 volume percent of the defined acid or mixtures of these acids. More usually the unleaded motor fuel contains between about 2 and 8 volume percent, based on fuel, of the defined acid.
The motor fuel of the invention contains gasoline as the main component. In other words, the main component of the motor fuel consists of hydrocarbons boiling over the gasoline range. The gasoline range broadly extends over the region between about 100 F. to 425 F. It is to be understood that the endpoint of the gasoline component may vary with the particular motor fuel requirements, for example, the endpoint may be as low as 350 F. The hydrocarbons present in the gasoline component may be any of those commonly present in commercial gasoline. The motor fuel may contain in addition to the defined acid and the gasoline hydrocarbons, various additives to improve its stability and decrease corrosivity. Dyes may be present. The motor fuel of the invention is characterized by an absence of tetraethyl-lead additive.
The octane improving component of the motor fuel of the invention may be one or more of the fatty acids containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms. Examples of these acids are n-propionic acid, methylpropionic acid, n-butyric 2,985,522 Patented May 23, 1961 ice 2 acid, isobutyric acid and methylbutyric acid. branched-chain acids. are preferred.
TESTS 5 The motor fuel of the invention is illustrated by examples showing the blending octane numbers of 4 species of the defined acids. The gasoline component utilized in the illustrative motor fuels was a blending of napthas obtained from catalytic reforming, naphthas obtained from catalytic cracking and butylenedsobutane alkylate. The gasoline component was unleaded. The clear gasoline component had a CFR-R octane number of 97.3 and a CFR-M octane number of 86.3. The illustrative motor fuels consisted of 95 volume percent of the clear gasoline component and 5 volume percent of the particular acid. In order to show the real efiiectiveness of the acids as octane number improvers, the blending octane number of each acid was calculated from the actual octane number of the particular motor fuel. The blending octane numbers for the particular acids of each motor fuel are set out in the table.
The
Table Blending Octane Number Acid OFR-R OFR-M Diff.
The data show that the branched-chain acids are particularly good in sensitivity i.e. the small difiference between the research octane number and the motor octane number. This lack of sensitivity is particularly important today when many automotive engines are knock-prone at high engine speeds.
Thus having described the invention, what is claimed is:
1. An unleaded gasoline containing from about 2 to about 8 volume percent of a branched chain fatty acid having 4-5 carbon atoms.
2. The fuel of claim 1 wherein said acid is isobutyric acid.
3. The fuel of claim 1 wherein said acid is methylbutyric.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

1. AN UNLEADED GASOLINE CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 2 TO ABOUT 8 VOLUME PERCENT OF A BRANCHED CHAIN FATTY ACID HAVING 4-5 CARBON ATOMS.
US757203A 1958-08-26 1958-08-26 Unleaded motor fuel Expired - Lifetime US2985522A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3314884A (en) * 1964-01-02 1967-04-18 Mobil Oil Corp Fuels and lubricants containing inclusion compounds
US4444565A (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-04-24 Union Oil Company Of California Method and fuel composition for control of octane requirement increase
US4752374A (en) * 1987-04-20 1988-06-21 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Process for minimizing fouling of processing equipment
US20040154217A1 (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-08-12 Chevrontexaco Japan Ltd. Fuel additive composition and fuel composition containing the same
US20090056203A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Branched carboxylic acids as fuel lubricity additives
US20110061292A1 (en) * 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 Baker Hughes Incorporation No-Sulfur Fuel Lubricity Additive

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR640311A (en) * 1926-09-07 1928-07-10 Avenarius Soc Geb Method and means for preventing knocking caused by motor fuels
US1692784A (en) * 1925-01-23 1928-11-20 Boyce Ite Products Inc Fuel and fuel ingredients
FR837965A (en) * 1937-11-08 1939-02-23 Melle Usines Sa Detonation resistant fuels

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1692784A (en) * 1925-01-23 1928-11-20 Boyce Ite Products Inc Fuel and fuel ingredients
FR640311A (en) * 1926-09-07 1928-07-10 Avenarius Soc Geb Method and means for preventing knocking caused by motor fuels
FR837965A (en) * 1937-11-08 1939-02-23 Melle Usines Sa Detonation resistant fuels

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3314884A (en) * 1964-01-02 1967-04-18 Mobil Oil Corp Fuels and lubricants containing inclusion compounds
US4444565A (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-04-24 Union Oil Company Of California Method and fuel composition for control of octane requirement increase
US4752374A (en) * 1987-04-20 1988-06-21 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Process for minimizing fouling of processing equipment
US20040154217A1 (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-08-12 Chevrontexaco Japan Ltd. Fuel additive composition and fuel composition containing the same
US8388704B2 (en) * 2003-01-06 2013-03-05 Chevron Texaco Japan Limited Fuel additive composition and fuel composition containing the same
US20090056203A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Branched carboxylic acids as fuel lubricity additives
US7867295B2 (en) * 2007-08-29 2011-01-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Branched carboxylic acids as fuel lubricity additives
US20110061292A1 (en) * 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 Baker Hughes Incorporation No-Sulfur Fuel Lubricity Additive
US8262749B2 (en) 2009-09-14 2012-09-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated No-sulfur fuel lubricity additive
US8425628B2 (en) 2009-09-14 2013-04-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated No-sulfur fuel lubricity additive

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