US2985548A - Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device - Google Patents
Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2985548A US2985548A US705099A US70509957A US2985548A US 2985548 A US2985548 A US 2985548A US 705099 A US705099 A US 705099A US 70509957 A US70509957 A US 70509957A US 2985548 A US2985548 A US 2985548A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- coating
- low density
- discharge device
- electron discharge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 ALKALINE EARTH METAL SALT Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbaryl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)NC)=CC=CC2=C1 CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960005286 carbaryl Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Angelic acid Natural products CC=C(C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-N angelic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(\C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Natural products CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
Definitions
- This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to electron emissive and insulator coatings of the type adapted to be used in such devices.
- Electrodes of an electron discharge device or tube may have deposited thereon an electron emissive material or an insulating coating.
- the cathodes of most tubes comprise a metallic sleeve or wire having a coating of alkaline earth carbonates for providing the source of electrons for the tube.
- the insulating coating may comprise materials such as the refractory oxides for use on certain electrode supports and on the cathode heater wire.
- Both of the coatings mentioned above generally have a density in excess of two grams per cubic centimeter. This density is undesirably high for many applications, and it very often causes problems during tube fabrication. For instance, 'When the emissive coating density is high, it is difficult to process the coating properly to obtain the optimum electron emission characteristics. When the density of the insulating coating is high, the processing is more critical, and, when this coating is used on heaters, the warm-up time of the heater is materially and undesirably increased. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to decrease the aforementioned difliculties and to facilitate processing of coatings of the type adapted to be employed in electron tubes.
- a further object is to improve the emission characteristics of cathode coatings.
- Another object is the provision of means for increasing the thickness of insulator coatings without increasing the mass thereof.
- a still further object is to provide means for facilitating fast warm-up time for electron tube heaters.
- a still further object is to produce low density coatings adapted to be employed with the electrodes of an electron tube.
- a coating suspension which may comprise either the insulating or electron emissive materials, an organic liquid binder, and a particulate heat gasifiable additive material insoluble in said binder or one which will crystallize on the metallic electrode.
- These coatings may be formed as a suspension for electrophoretic, spray or coating strip-transfer applications to the intended electrode.
- the coating is heated after deposition tocertainy the additive material, thereby lowering the density of the coating.
- the amount of additive material used determines the density of the processed coating.
- the electron emissive material utilized in one aspect of the invention may comprise alkaline earth metal salts such as nitrates or carbonates of barium, strontium and calcium. These compounds may be employed as double or triple carbonates or nitrates in given proportions to provide the electron emission characteristics desired.
- a coating suspension adapted to produce an electron emissive cathode coating may comprise a triple carbonate 2 of, for instance, 56% BaCO 40% SrCO and 4% CaCO by weight. This mixture may be added to a liquid organic volatile binder material such as nitrocellulose or methacryolate lacquers dissolved in solvents such as ethyl or butyl acetate, toluene, benzolene, xylene, etc.
- a liquid organic volatile binder material such as nitrocellulose or methacryolate lacquers dissolved in solvents such as ethyl or butyl acetate, toluene, benzolene, xylene, etc.
- a par ticulate low temperature gasifying, subliming or decomposable material which may be insoluble in the binder or of a nature which will crystallize on the metallic electrode is also added to the binder and triple carbonate solution.
- Such an additive may comprise inorganic materials like arnmonum bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acid carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate in addition to organic compounds like angelic acid, crotonic acid and piperazine.
- a suspension for producing insulating coatings may comprise the binder and additive material described above with the inclusion of an insulating material like the refractory oxides or silicates of aluminum, beryllium, titanium, and zirconium.
- the amount of emissive material in the suspension may be varied over wide limits in-accordance with the electron emission characteristics desired in the tube.
- a cathode sleeve may be more easily coated by either the spray or strip-transfer processes.
- the amount of liquid binder or lacquer in the suspension is generally adjusted to afford easy application in the technique selected.
- the coating is heated by any conventional means to cause the additive material to gasify, thereby forming a low density porous type coating.
- These electrodes are subsequently mounted within the tubes, which are then processed by heating at elevated temperatures during an exhaust operation to remove gases such as the organic binder and to form the insulating material, 'e.g. fused aluminum oxide, and the ernissive materialfegl oxides of barium, strontium and calcium.
- an additive material which decomposes by gasification and/or by cry'stallization on the metallic electrode at a temperature below 300 C. so that the coating may be easily processed to acquire a low density prior to insertion into the tube envelope.
- the ammonium bicarbonate may be removed at temperatures as low as 60 degrees centigrade. If desired, the initial heating step used to gasify the additive material need not be employed. This mate'rial may then be removed during regular tube processing. However, care must be exercised in this instance to prevent raising the coating temperature at'an excessively high rate since such action may cause the gasifying material to rupture the coating.
- ammonium bicarbonate based on total solids
- the addition of 10 percent by weight of ammonium bicarbonate (based on total solids) to the alumininn oxide suspension reduces the density of the. coating after heating to 1.7 grams per cubic centimeter and 50 percent of ammonium bicarbonate reduces the density to 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter.
- the density of such a coating without the additive material is also generally about 2.0 grams per cubic centimeter.
- a method of forming a low density cathode for an electron discharge device comprising the steps of depositing upon a metallic base member a layer of a composition including an alkaline earth metal salt, an organic binder and an inorganic compound in'solublein said binder selected from the group consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acid carbonate, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate, and heating said composition urider 300 C. to substantially decompose said compound.
- a method of forming a low density cathode for an electron discharge device comprising the steps of depositing upon a metallic base member a layer of a composition includingan alkaline earth'metal salt, an organic binder and an organic compound selected from the group consisting of angelic acid, crotonic acid, and piperazine, and heating said composition under 300 C. to substantially decompose said compound.
- a method of forming a low density insulating coating upon an electrode of an electron discharge device comprising the steps of depositing upon the electrode a layer of a composition including a refractory oxide, an organic binder and an inorganic compound insoluble in said binder selected from the group consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acid carbonate, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate, and heating said composition under 300 C. to substantially decompose said compound.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Description
United States Patent METHOD OF MAKING A LOW DENSITY COAT- ING FOR AN ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Theodore W. Blickwedel and Robert L. Lambert, Emporium, Pa., assigu'ors, by mesne assignments, to Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Dec. 26, 1957, Ser. No. 705,099
4 Claims. (Cl. 117-221) This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to electron emissive and insulator coatings of the type adapted to be used in such devices.
Various electrodes of an electron discharge device or tube may have deposited thereon an electron emissive material or an insulating coating. For instance, the cathodes of most tubes comprise a metallic sleeve or wire having a coating of alkaline earth carbonates for providing the source of electrons for the tube. The insulating coating may comprise materials such as the refractory oxides for use on certain electrode supports and on the cathode heater wire.
Both of the coatings mentioned above generally have a density in excess of two grams per cubic centimeter. This density is undesirably high for many applications, and it very often causes problems during tube fabrication. For instance, 'When the emissive coating density is high, it is difficult to process the coating properly to obtain the optimum electron emission characteristics. When the density of the insulating coating is high, the processing is more critical, and, when this coating is used on heaters, the warm-up time of the heater is materially and undesirably increased. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to decrease the aforementioned difliculties and to facilitate processing of coatings of the type adapted to be employed in electron tubes.
A further object is to improve the emission characteristics of cathode coatings.
Another object is the provision of means for increasing the thickness of insulator coatings without increasing the mass thereof.
A still further object is to provide means for facilitating fast warm-up time for electron tube heaters.
A still further object is to produce low density coatings adapted to be employed with the electrodes of an electron tube.
The foregoing objects are achieved in one aspect of the invention by the provision of a coating suspension which may comprise either the insulating or electron emissive materials, an organic liquid binder, and a particulate heat gasifiable additive material insoluble in said binder or one which will crystallize on the metallic electrode. These coatings may be formed as a suspension for electrophoretic, spray or coating strip-transfer applications to the intended electrode. The coating is heated after deposition to gasity the additive material, thereby lowering the density of the coating. The amount of additive material used determines the density of the processed coating.
The electron emissive material utilized in one aspect of the invention may comprise alkaline earth metal salts such as nitrates or carbonates of barium, strontium and calcium. These compounds may be employed as double or triple carbonates or nitrates in given proportions to provide the electron emission characteristics desired.
A coating suspension adapted to produce an electron emissive cathode coating may comprise a triple carbonate 2 of, for instance, 56% BaCO 40% SrCO and 4% CaCO by weight. This mixture may be added to a liquid organic volatile binder material such as nitrocellulose or methacryolate lacquers dissolved in solvents such as ethyl or butyl acetate, toluene, benzolene, xylene, etc.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a par ticulate low temperature gasifying, subliming or decomposable material which may be insoluble in the binder or of a nature which will crystallize on the metallic electrode is also added to the binder and triple carbonate solution. Such an additive may comprise inorganic materials like arnmonum bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acid carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate in addition to organic compounds like angelic acid, crotonic acid and piperazine.
A suspension for producing insulating coatings may comprise the binder and additive material described above with the inclusion of an insulating material like the refractory oxides or silicates of aluminum, beryllium, titanium, and zirconium.
An example of an electron emissive suspension which has provided excellent results and produces acoating having a density of approximately .6 gram per cubic centimeter is given below:
Percent Material Amount y Weight Triple carbonate grams 8. 41 Ammonium bicarbonate- 25 grams 2. 60-80 second nitrocellulose (dry) 1.5 grams 0. l7 Amyl acetate 900 ml 88. 62
It has been found that the amount of emissive material in the suspension may be varied over wide limits in-accordance with the electron emission characteristics desired in the tube.
An example of an insulating material suspension which has provided excellent results and produces a coating having a density of approximately 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter is given below:
Percent Material Amount by Weight Aluminum oxide powder 50 grams 18. 04 Ammonium bicarbonate 50 grams 18.04 9001,200 second nitrocellulose (dry)- 1.35 gr ms 0. 49 Amyl ac 200 ml 63. 43
whereas a cathode sleeve may be more easily coated by either the spray or strip-transfer processes. In view of these various coating deposition techniques, the amount of liquid binder or lacquer in the suspension is generally adjusted to afford easy application in the technique selected.
After the electron emissive or insulating coatings have been deposited upon their electrodes, the coating is heated by any conventional means to cause the additive material to gasify, thereby forming a low density porous type coating. These electrodes are subsequently mounted Within the tubes, which are then processed by heating at elevated temperatures during an exhaust operation to remove gases such as the organic binder and to form the insulating material, 'e.g. fused aluminum oxide, and the ernissive materialfegl oxides of barium, strontium and calcium.
d It has been found preferable to use an additive material which decomposes by gasification and/or by cry'stallization on the metallic electrode at a temperature below 300 C. so that the coating may be easily processed to acquire a low density prior to insertion into the tube envelope. This affords use of a less critical tube processing schedule. The ammonium bicarbonate may be removed at temperatures as low as 60 degrees centigrade. If desired, the initial heating step used to gasify the additive material need not be employed. This mate'rial may then be removed during regular tube processing. However, care must be exercised in this instance to prevent raising the coating temperature at'an excessively high rate since such action may cause the gasifying material to rupture the coating.
It has been found that the addition of percent by weight of ammonium bicarbonate (based on total solids) to the alkaline earth carbonate suspension reduces the density after heating to 1.10 grams per cubic centimeter and that 25 percent of ammonium bicarbonate reduces the density to .60 gram per cubic centimeter. The density of such a coating without the additive material is generally about 2.0 grams per cubiccentimeter.
The addition of 10 percent by weight of ammonium bicarbonate (based on total solids) to the alumininn oxide suspension reduces the density of the. coating after heating to 1.7 grams per cubic centimeter and 50 percent of ammonium bicarbonate reduces the density to 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter. The density of such a coating without the additive material is also generally about 2.0 grams per cubic centimeter.
Although several embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of forming a low density cathode for an electron discharge device comprising the steps of depositing upon a metallic base member a layer of a composition including an alkaline earth metal salt, an organic binder and an inorganic compound in'solublein said binder selected from the group consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acid carbonate, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate, and heating said composition urider 300 C. to substantially decompose said compound.
' 2. A method of forming a low density cathode for an electron discharge device comprising the steps of depositing upon a metallic base member a layer of a composition includingan alkaline earth'metal salt, an organic binder and an organic compound selected from the group consisting of angelic acid, crotonic acid, and piperazine, and heating said composition under 300 C. to substantially decompose said compound.
3. A method of forming a low density insulating coating upon an electrode of an electron discharge device comprising the steps of depositing upon the electrode a layer of a composition including a refractory oxide, an organic binder and an inorganic compound insoluble in said binder selected from the group consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acid carbonate, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate, and heating said composition under 300 C. to substantially decompose said compound.
4. 'A method of forming a low density insulating coating upon an electrode of an electron discharge, device comprising the steps of depositing upon the electrode a layer of a composition including a refractory oxide, an organic binder and an organic compound selected from the group consisting of angelic acid, 'crotonic acid," and piperazine, and heating 'said composition under 300 C. to substantially remove said compound Anderson Mar. 8,1955
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF FORMING A LOW DENSITY CATHODE FOR AN ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE COMPRISING THE STEPS OF DEPOSITING UPON A METALLIC BASE MEMBER A LAYER OF A COMPOSITION INCLUDING AN ALKALINE EARTH METAL SALT, AN ORGANIC BINDER AND AN INORGANIC COMPOUND INSOLUBLE IN SAID BINDER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMONIUM BICARBONATE, AMMONIUM CARBOMATE, AMMONIUM ACID CARBONATE, AMMONIUM ACETATE AND AMMONIUM FORMATE, AND HEATING SAID COMPOSITION UNDER 300*C. TO SUBSTANTIALLY DECOMPOSE SAID COMPOUND.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705099A US2985548A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705099A US2985548A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2985548A true US2985548A (en) | 1961-05-23 |
Family
ID=24832032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705099A Expired - Lifetime US2985548A (en) | 1957-12-26 | 1957-12-26 | Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2985548A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3134691A (en) * | 1960-10-18 | 1964-05-26 | Tesla Np | Heating filament assembly and a method of preparing same |
| US3215557A (en) * | 1962-08-29 | 1965-11-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Zirconium-niobium-nickel cathodes |
| US3330707A (en) * | 1963-10-07 | 1967-07-11 | Varian Associates | Method for reducing electron multipactor on a dielectric window surface |
| US3951874A (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1976-04-20 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Method for preparing electron emissive coatings |
| US3953376A (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1976-04-27 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Method for preparing emissive coating for electrodes |
| US3960562A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1976-06-01 | Raytheon Company | Thin film dielectric storage target and method for making same |
| US3978563A (en) * | 1973-12-04 | 1976-09-07 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of manufacturing an electric discharge tube having an oxide cathode |
| US4031426A (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1977-06-21 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Emissive coating for electrodes |
| US4051272A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1977-09-27 | Electron Emission Systems | Low-temperature thermionic emitter |
| US4359489A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1982-11-16 | Corneille David M | Coprecipitation process for thermionic cathode type materials |
| US4411827A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1983-10-25 | Corneille David M | Coprecipitation process for thermionic cathode type materials |
| US4459322A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1984-07-10 | North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. | Method for producing cathode structure for cathode ray tubes utilizing urea-containing slurry |
| US4836816A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-06-06 | Gte Products Corporation | Method of treating tungsten cathodes |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1532533A (en) * | 1919-12-16 | 1925-04-07 | Western Electric Co | Colloidal suspension |
| US1818196A (en) * | 1927-09-20 | 1931-08-11 | Kemet Lab Inc | Method of coating substances |
| US1830825A (en) * | 1928-11-20 | 1931-11-10 | Kemet Lab Co Inc | Cathode |
| US1842161A (en) * | 1928-07-20 | 1932-01-19 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Electron emission material |
| US1939075A (en) * | 1927-01-03 | 1933-12-12 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Coating composition for electronemitting elements |
| US2134415A (en) * | 1935-04-16 | 1938-10-25 | Philips Nv | Manufacture of oxide coated cathodes |
| US2442864A (en) * | 1944-11-23 | 1948-06-08 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electrophoresis coating of electron tube parts |
| US2535999A (en) * | 1945-05-12 | 1950-12-26 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Method for producing cathode coating compositions |
| US2559530A (en) * | 1944-09-13 | 1951-07-03 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Cathode coatings |
| US2703790A (en) * | 1952-08-28 | 1955-03-08 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electron emissive materials |
-
1957
- 1957-12-26 US US705099A patent/US2985548A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1532533A (en) * | 1919-12-16 | 1925-04-07 | Western Electric Co | Colloidal suspension |
| US1939075A (en) * | 1927-01-03 | 1933-12-12 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Coating composition for electronemitting elements |
| US1818196A (en) * | 1927-09-20 | 1931-08-11 | Kemet Lab Inc | Method of coating substances |
| US1842161A (en) * | 1928-07-20 | 1932-01-19 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Electron emission material |
| US1830825A (en) * | 1928-11-20 | 1931-11-10 | Kemet Lab Co Inc | Cathode |
| US2134415A (en) * | 1935-04-16 | 1938-10-25 | Philips Nv | Manufacture of oxide coated cathodes |
| US2559530A (en) * | 1944-09-13 | 1951-07-03 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Cathode coatings |
| US2442864A (en) * | 1944-11-23 | 1948-06-08 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electrophoresis coating of electron tube parts |
| US2535999A (en) * | 1945-05-12 | 1950-12-26 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Method for producing cathode coating compositions |
| US2703790A (en) * | 1952-08-28 | 1955-03-08 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electron emissive materials |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3134691A (en) * | 1960-10-18 | 1964-05-26 | Tesla Np | Heating filament assembly and a method of preparing same |
| US3215557A (en) * | 1962-08-29 | 1965-11-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Zirconium-niobium-nickel cathodes |
| US3330707A (en) * | 1963-10-07 | 1967-07-11 | Varian Associates | Method for reducing electron multipactor on a dielectric window surface |
| US4051272A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1977-09-27 | Electron Emission Systems | Low-temperature thermionic emitter |
| US3960562A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1976-06-01 | Raytheon Company | Thin film dielectric storage target and method for making same |
| US3978563A (en) * | 1973-12-04 | 1976-09-07 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of manufacturing an electric discharge tube having an oxide cathode |
| US3951874A (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1976-04-20 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Method for preparing electron emissive coatings |
| US4031426A (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1977-06-21 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Emissive coating for electrodes |
| US3953376A (en) * | 1974-07-10 | 1976-04-27 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Method for preparing emissive coating for electrodes |
| US4359489A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1982-11-16 | Corneille David M | Coprecipitation process for thermionic cathode type materials |
| US4411827A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1983-10-25 | Corneille David M | Coprecipitation process for thermionic cathode type materials |
| US4459322A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1984-07-10 | North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. | Method for producing cathode structure for cathode ray tubes utilizing urea-containing slurry |
| US4836816A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-06-06 | Gte Products Corporation | Method of treating tungsten cathodes |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2985548A (en) | Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device | |
| US2348045A (en) | Electron discharge device and method of manufacture | |
| US3014815A (en) | Method of providing articles with metal oxide layers | |
| US2895854A (en) | Method of making cathode assemblies and products | |
| US3108904A (en) | Method of preparing luminescent materials and luminescent screens prepared thereby | |
| US3328201A (en) | Heater for electron tubes | |
| US3041209A (en) | Method of making a thermionic cathode | |
| US2226567A (en) | Fluorescent coating | |
| US1939075A (en) | Coating composition for electronemitting elements | |
| US2800446A (en) | Electron emissive coating material and method of application | |
| US2311513A (en) | Method of applying luminescent coating | |
| US2788460A (en) | Electrodes for electron discharge devices and methods of making same | |
| US2156414A (en) | Introducing active metals into envelopes | |
| US1842161A (en) | Electron emission material | |
| US3384511A (en) | Cathode structures utilizing metal coated powders | |
| US3266861A (en) | Method of applying an alkali-earth metal getter | |
| US1608317A (en) | Thermionic valve | |
| US2250189A (en) | Method of applying fluorescent material in cathode-ray tube manufacture | |
| US2552535A (en) | Electron discharge device electrode | |
| US2179453A (en) | Binder and coating materials and method of producing the same | |
| US4459322A (en) | Method for producing cathode structure for cathode ray tubes utilizing urea-containing slurry | |
| US1640710A (en) | Electron emitting cathode and process of preparing the same | |
| US2798010A (en) | Method of manufacturing indirectly heated cathodes | |
| US3021233A (en) | Method of applying an electrically conductive contact material and resulting coated article | |
| US1974608A (en) | Process and composition for coating electrodes |