US2987967A - Firearm with piston having springpressed inertia valve - Google Patents

Firearm with piston having springpressed inertia valve Download PDF

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Publication number
US2987967A
US2987967A US796087A US79608759A US2987967A US 2987967 A US2987967 A US 2987967A US 796087 A US796087 A US 796087A US 79608759 A US79608759 A US 79608759A US 2987967 A US2987967 A US 2987967A
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United States
Prior art keywords
piston
valve
pressure
cylinder
charge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US796087A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rolf H Wild
Dmitrieff George
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Olin Corp
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Olin Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US796087A priority Critical patent/US2987967A/en
Priority to BE588037A priority patent/BE588037A/fr
Priority to CH212060A priority patent/CH366775A/fr
Priority to DEO7262A priority patent/DE1198711B/de
Priority to GB6848/60A priority patent/GB901853A/en
Priority to FR819846A priority patent/FR1249648A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2987967A publication Critical patent/US2987967A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/26—Arrangements or systems for bleeding the gas from the barrel
    • F41A5/28—Adjustable systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fluid pressure control devices and is particularly useful on powder actuated instrumentalities such as firearms and so-called powder actuated tools.
  • the term powder shall include propellants utilized to activate the firearm or tool involved either of solid or liquid form.
  • both pressure and time must be considered since the amount of energy imparted to the work piston is a function of the integral of pressure and time; not just pressure alone.
  • a bleed valve which is operative to open only upon being subjected to certain peak values of pressure would not control power in a work piston in the manner desired because, obviously, a given integral of pressure and time may be satisfied by various combinations of values of time and pressure.
  • a high pressure for an exceedingly short interval may open a conventional bleed valve to vent it to atmosphere while imparting little or no power to the piston; in contrast, a lower pressure applied for a sustained interval will not pop the valve but the power imparted to an adjacent work piston is appreciable and frequently above the desirable level.
  • a bleed valve is not satisfactory to control or limit power to a work piston, or the like, because such a valve responds to instantaneous pressures and is non-responsive to lower pressures applied for sustained intervals which actually may develop higher power than instantaneous pressures.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of a fluid pressure control device operative to minimize the efiect of variations in energy encountered from charge to charge in powder actuated devices.
  • a still further feature of the invention is the provision of a self-integrating valve operable automatically to integrate pressure and time where the integrating feature is attained by tuning the valve or relating valve displacement necessary to open the valve to (I) valve inertia characteristics, (2) working area of the valve, and (3) restoring spring power.
  • the integrating feature is attained by tuning the valve or relating valve displacement necessary to open the valve to (I) valve inertia characteristics, (2) working area of the valve, and (3) restoring spring power.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of a novel arrangement of a work piston and a valve.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of a fluid pressure control device which is especially suited for use in powder actuated devices, such as firearms and stud driving tools wherein a charge of propellant is fired to accomplish a primary function such as driving a bullet or a fastener and in which a secondary function, such as feeding cartridges, metering propellant or ejecting spent cartridges, is accomplished by harnessing a portion of the fluid pressure developed during the primary function.
  • the power generated for effecting the primary function may vary widely in that bullets of different weight and different power loads are frequently fired in the same firearm and in similar fashion. correspondingly, a wide variety of power loads are used in fastener driving tools depending upon the consistency or structure of the work piece.
  • the secondary function In the performance of the secondary function, it is usually desirable to have available a fixed amount of energy and frequently, for consideration of structure and design, it is desirable that the secondary function is powered by energy that does not exceed a predetermined level.
  • Thepresent invention is particularly useful in insuring that the energy level in the secondary function does not exceed a predetermined maximum value.
  • a still further feature of the invention is the provision of a control device including a valve stem in which the inertia, stroke, and efiective area of the stem are so selected with respect to the restoring force of the stem spring to provide a sudden pressure reduction as soon as a predetermined energy level has been reached.
  • a control device embracing certain features of the present invention may comprise a cylinder, a movable piston disposed in the cylinder operable to move in response to fluid introduced periodically into the cylinder, said cylinder having a port communicating with the atmosphere, valve means disposed in the cylinder and movable through a given stroke to an open position, said valve being maintained in the closed position by a restoring spring, the inertia of the valve, the length of said stroke and the force of said restoring spring being so selected that the valve opens only when a predetermined maximum value of the integral of time and pressure is sensed.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section of a portion of a powder actuated instrument with which the principles of the present invention may be associated.
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view to the showing of FIG. 1 disclosing an additional embodiment of the invention where in a work piston carries a pressure control valve.
  • FIG. 3 is a plot of pressure and valve displacement as a function of time.
  • a cylinder 10 fitted with a work piston 11 carrying piston rings 12.
  • the work face 13 of the piston is exposed to fluid pressure directed to the interior of the cylinder 10 through passage 14.
  • the passage 14 although shown here communicating with a firearms barrel 15 (indicated in dotted lines), may be utilized as a propellant cavity eems or chamber in which a propellant charge in the form of a capsule or cartridge is'dis'posed. That is, the source of fluid pressure exerted on the work face of the piston 11 may or nate n e pa sage 14 it lf o the fluid ressure my fl w th ugh he pa m a p imary cyl nder such as the rifled barrel 15.
  • the cylinder housing the work piston may be referred to as the secondary c i n
  • Fluid pressure admitted to the cylinder impinges uponthe working face 13 and is operative to drive the piston to the left as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • the fluid pressure is also operative to perform work upon the valve structure opposite the piston 11 referred to generally as a control device 16.
  • the right end of the cylinder 10 is enclosed by a cap 17 in threaded engagement with the cylinder as at 18. Disposed between the cap 17 and the working face of the piston 11 is a bored partition member 19 having an annular shoulder 21 which rests upon a corresponding shoulder 22 formed on the interior of the cylinder.
  • the partition is retained by a pressed fit into the cylinder or is otherwise keyed thereto as desired.
  • the bore 23 of the partition carries a valve comprising a stem bore and inertia member 24 and a body portion 26 where the body is urged against the partition to a closed position by a coil spring 27. Note that the valve stem 24 must be fully withdrawn (to the right) from the bore 23 in order to vent the working face of the piston 13 to the atmosphere through ports 28 formed in the cylinder wall.
  • valve stem '24 may reciprocate in the bore 23 through a variety of axial distances without venting to atmosphere.
  • a work piston 110 is shown carrying the pressure control device indicated generally by the reference numeral 116.
  • the piston 110 is formed with a bore for receiving valve stem 124 and valve body member 126 is urged into contact with the rear face of the work piston by coil spring 127.
  • the stem 124 is movable through an appreciable stroke before venting the working face 113 of the piston to the atmosphere through ports 120., formed in the piston and 128, formed in the cylinder side wall.
  • the source of fiuid pressure may originate in the passage 114 upon the firing of an appropriate propellant charge disposed therein or fluid pressure may be transferred through the passage 114 from a primary cylinder such as the rifle barrel shown in dotted lines at 115.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph of cylinder pressure (as applied to the work piston 11, for example) versus time, for two different propellant charges represented by the curves labelled A and B.
  • the pressure curve A has a much higher peak and a shorter duration than the pressure curve B. Since the area under the pressure curve is proportional to the impulse of the gases generated which, in turn, is proportional to the product of mass and velocity of the piston, it is obvious that the area under curve A, or the impulse for the charge A, is much smaller than, that of the charge B. Consequently, the charge B would'impart a higher velocity to the work piston. To obtain the same velocity with the same piston mass, the two areas would have to be the same.
  • a conventional bleed valve which is sensitive to pres sure only, would be operated by the short lived pressure peak of charge A, but may not respond to the charge 8.
  • control device in accordance with the present invention, is sensitive to pressure and time and will respond in the following fashion:
  • the piston When a charge similar to that represented by curve A is fired, the piston will be accelerated to the left in Fig. 1 and simultaneous lythe control valve stem will be pushed to the right.
  • the force pushing the control valve stem will be a function of the pressure and the displacement of the control valve relative to time is shown by the dotted curved labelled A in the graph. It is noted that while the valve moves towardsits opening position, it does not reach the full open position and, consequently, the pressure is retained inthe cylinder.
  • the restoring spring will close the valve device and restore it to its initial position.
  • FIG. 2 showing another embodiment of the invention operates on the same principle.
  • the piston has a central cylindrical hole in which is inserted a control valve.
  • the control valve extends through the piston and is supported by the return spring which tends to hold the piston and valve in their initial position.
  • the piston On introduction of gas pressure into the cylinder, the piston will be driven to the left, while at the same time, the valve will also be subjected to pressure.
  • the mass of the valve is properly chosen, there will be a differential movement between piston and valve which will result in the opening of the lateral passage in the piston when the impulse of the fluid exceeds a certain value. This will permit fluid to escape into the atmosphere and thus limit the amount of momentum that can be imparted to the piston.
  • the spring After the pressure drops sufficiently the spring will move the control device back into its original condition in the piston.
  • a fluid pressure control device for powder actuated instrumentalities comprising a movable piston disposed in a cylinder, said piston being operative to move upon the application of fluid pressure thereto, said cylinder having a port communicating with the atmosphere and said piston being subjected periodically to random values of fluid pressure, and valve means disposed in the cylinder and movable through a predetermined stroke to an open position wherein the interior of the cylinder is vented to atmosphere, said valve means being received within and movable relative to the piston, spring means for urging said valve means towards a closed position, said length of stroke, the inertia of the valve, the effective area of the valve, and said spring means being so selected that the valve is operative to vent only when a predetermined integral of pressure and time has been exceeded.
  • a fluid pressure control device for a powder actuated instrumentality comprising a primary cylinder and a secondary cylinder communicating with the primary cylinder, a piston disposed in the secondary cylinder operative to move upon the introduction of fluid pressure into the a Mi e;
  • means for reducing the energy effect of said fluid pressures upon the piston comprising a resiliently mounted inertia member, said inertia member characterizing a valve stem disposed in said secondary cylinder and movable upon the application of" fluid pressure through a predetermined stroke to vent the secondary cylinder, said inertia member being received within and movable relative to the piston, a restoring spring for urging the stem to a closed position, the inertia of said valve stem, the working area thereof, and the restoring spring being so 1,738,501 Moore Dec. 3, 1929 2,482,880 Sefried Sept. 27, 1949 2,750,849 Harvey June 19, 1956 2,783,685 Green Mar. 5, 1957 2,814,972 Simmons Dec. 3, 1957 2,918,847 Barr Dec. 29, 1943

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
US796087A 1959-02-27 1959-02-27 Firearm with piston having springpressed inertia valve Expired - Lifetime US2987967A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US796087A US2987967A (en) 1959-02-27 1959-02-27 Firearm with piston having springpressed inertia valve
BE588037A BE588037A (fr) 1959-02-27 1960-02-25 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de contrôle de la pression de fluides.
CH212060A CH366775A (fr) 1959-02-27 1960-02-25 Dispositif destiné à limiter l'énergie impartie à un piston par un fluide sous pression
DEO7262A DE1198711B (de) 1959-02-27 1960-02-25 Feuerwaffe, insbesondere Gasdrucklader
GB6848/60A GB901853A (en) 1959-02-27 1960-02-26 Fluid pressure control device
FR819846A FR1249648A (fr) 1959-02-27 1960-02-27 Dispositif pour le réglage de la pression d'un fluide pour engins actionnés par de la poudre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US796087A US2987967A (en) 1959-02-27 1959-02-27 Firearm with piston having springpressed inertia valve

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2987967A true US2987967A (en) 1961-06-13

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ID=25167257

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US796087A Expired - Lifetime US2987967A (en) 1959-02-27 1959-02-27 Firearm with piston having springpressed inertia valve

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2987967A (fr)
BE (1) BE588037A (fr)
CH (1) CH366775A (fr)
DE (1) DE1198711B (fr)
GB (1) GB901853A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3127812A (en) * 1962-06-14 1964-04-07 Olin Mathieson Gas system for firearms
US3994203A (en) * 1973-09-05 1976-11-30 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Actuation mechanism for an automatic firing weapon
US4702146A (en) * 1985-02-14 1987-10-27 Howa Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gas pressure adjusting device in gas-operated auto-loading firearm
US5842623A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-01 Olin Corporation Gas primed powder actuated tool
US20050257681A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-11-24 Keeney Michael D Action rate control system
US8245626B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2012-08-21 Colt Defense Llc Firearm having a direct gas impingement operating system
US8640598B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2014-02-04 Jason Stewart Jackson Sleeve piston for actuating a firearm bolt carrier
WO2014123608A1 (fr) * 2012-12-05 2014-08-14 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Arme à feu à gaz équipée d'un piston à gaz à compensation de pression
US20150226503A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2015-08-13 Ata Silah San. A.S. Novel operating system in the semi-automatic firearms
US9261314B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2016-02-16 Jason Stewart Jackson Sleeve piston for actuating a firearm bolt carrier
US9383149B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2016-07-05 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Gas-operated firearm with pressure compensating gas piston
US9500423B2 (en) 2014-01-24 2016-11-22 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Method and mechanism for automatic regulation of gas flow when mounting a suppressor to a firearm
US20170138682A1 (en) * 2010-05-06 2017-05-18 Rock River Arms, Inc. Firearm Having Gas Piston System

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19921804A1 (de) * 1999-05-11 2000-11-16 Dynamit Nobel Ag Aufsatzvorrichtung für die Gasabnahme einer automatischen Waffe

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1738501A (en) * 1928-12-03 1929-12-03 Colt S Mfg Co Gas-operated automatic firearm
US2482880A (en) * 1947-01-17 1949-09-27 Olin Ind Inc Gas-operated self-loading firearm
US2750849A (en) * 1954-04-26 1956-06-19 Earle M Harvey Gas relief valve for firearms
US2783685A (en) * 1951-03-02 1957-03-05 Samuel G Green Regulating plug for gas operated firearm
US2814972A (en) * 1956-04-10 1957-12-03 Jr Ernest P Simmons Safety device for gas-operated automatic shotguns
US2918847A (en) * 1955-02-16 1959-12-29 Aircraft Armaments Inc Machine gun

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2144241A (en) * 1936-06-01 1939-01-17 Eiane Halvor Olsen Automatic rifle
US2902903A (en) * 1958-09-11 1959-09-08 Browning Ind Inc Cleaning device for a gas operated firearm

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1738501A (en) * 1928-12-03 1929-12-03 Colt S Mfg Co Gas-operated automatic firearm
US2482880A (en) * 1947-01-17 1949-09-27 Olin Ind Inc Gas-operated self-loading firearm
US2783685A (en) * 1951-03-02 1957-03-05 Samuel G Green Regulating plug for gas operated firearm
US2750849A (en) * 1954-04-26 1956-06-19 Earle M Harvey Gas relief valve for firearms
US2918847A (en) * 1955-02-16 1959-12-29 Aircraft Armaments Inc Machine gun
US2814972A (en) * 1956-04-10 1957-12-03 Jr Ernest P Simmons Safety device for gas-operated automatic shotguns

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3127812A (en) * 1962-06-14 1964-04-07 Olin Mathieson Gas system for firearms
US3994203A (en) * 1973-09-05 1976-11-30 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Actuation mechanism for an automatic firing weapon
US4702146A (en) * 1985-02-14 1987-10-27 Howa Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gas pressure adjusting device in gas-operated auto-loading firearm
US5842623A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-01 Olin Corporation Gas primed powder actuated tool
US20050257681A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-11-24 Keeney Michael D Action rate control system
US7775149B2 (en) 2003-10-31 2010-08-17 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Action rate control system
US8245626B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2012-08-21 Colt Defense Llc Firearm having a direct gas impingement operating system
US8807011B2 (en) 2008-09-12 2014-08-19 Colt Defense, Llc Firearm having a direct gas impingement operating system
US10048029B2 (en) * 2010-05-06 2018-08-14 Rock River Arms, Inc. Firearm having gas piston system
US20170138682A1 (en) * 2010-05-06 2017-05-18 Rock River Arms, Inc. Firearm Having Gas Piston System
US9261314B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2016-02-16 Jason Stewart Jackson Sleeve piston for actuating a firearm bolt carrier
US8640598B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2014-02-04 Jason Stewart Jackson Sleeve piston for actuating a firearm bolt carrier
US20150226503A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2015-08-13 Ata Silah San. A.S. Novel operating system in the semi-automatic firearms
US9546833B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2017-01-17 Ata Silah San. A.S. Operating system in the semi-automatic firearms
US9097475B2 (en) * 2012-12-05 2015-08-04 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Gas-operated firearm with pressure compensating gas piston
US9383149B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2016-07-05 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Gas-operated firearm with pressure compensating gas piston
WO2014123608A1 (fr) * 2012-12-05 2014-08-14 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Arme à feu à gaz équipée d'un piston à gaz à compensation de pression
US9816768B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2017-11-14 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Gas-operated firearm with pressure compensating gas piston
US9500423B2 (en) 2014-01-24 2016-11-22 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Method and mechanism for automatic regulation of gas flow when mounting a suppressor to a firearm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB901853A (en) 1962-07-25
DE1198711B (de) 1965-08-12
CH366775A (fr) 1963-01-15
BE588037A (fr) 1960-08-25

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