Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/12—Iodine, e.g. iodophors; Compounds thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel composition of matter comprising a combination of iodine with a mixture of (1) a water-soluble nonionic surface active agent obtained by condensing an alkylphenol with ethylene oxide and (2) a water-insoluble nonionic surface active agent also obtained by condensing an alkyl phenol with ethylene oxide.
• Iodophors which may be defined as: a mixture of iodine and a carrier in which the carrier is a compound which greatly increases the solubility of and tends to stabilize the iodine in aqueous systems to reactants other than microorganisms.
• water-soluble nonionic surface active agents have the ability to combine with, and solubilize, a relatively large amount of iodine, eg to by weight of iodine, it has been found that when such compositions containing an amount of iodine much over 10% iodine (e.g. 10 parts by weight of elemental iodine to 90 parts by weight of water-soluble nonionic surface active agent) are prepared, that there is a decided thickening of the normally viscous water-soluble nonionic surface active agent.
• compositions comprising a water-soluble nonionic surface active agent and iodine can be maintained, even when the composition contains a relatively high proportion of iodine, by incorporation in the mixture of a volatile solvent such as isopropanol (Sutton and Reynolds US. Patent 2,759,869).
• a volatile solvent such as isopropanol
• Iodophors comprising a combination of watersoluble nonionic surface active agent and iodine (Gershenfeld and Witlin, Evaluation of Iodine Sanitizers, Soap and Chemical Specialties, September and October 1956).
• the presence of acid in Iodophor compositions also has the advantage that it will combine with any alkali which may be present in the water used and thus serves to protect the iodine from being uselessly consumed.
• the Iodophors are preferably mixed with sufiicient acid to maintain the desired degree of acidity in the water present. While it appears that essentially any non-oxidizing acid such as hydrochloric acid, phos phoric acid, etc. may be combined with Iodophors; we particularly prefer to employ phosphoric acid since, in addition to its low toxicity and volatility, phosphoric acid has buifering action in the pH range from 3-4.
• the amount of acid employed in formulating consumer products containing Iodophors will vary depending both on the extent to which the product is to be diluted in use and also should be adjusted with respect to the alkalinity of the Water in which the product will be used.
• an object of the present invention to I provide an Iodophor composition consisting essentially of an alkylphenol-ethylene oxide nonionic surface active agent and iodine which remains fluid even when the amount of available iodine in such Iodophor is 20% or more.
• a further object of this invention is to provide an Iodophor composition comprising a combination of iodine and alkylphenol-ethylene oxide nonionic surface active agent which may be formulated into a preferred type of consumer product by addition of an acid and dilution with water and yield a stable product, i.e. one which does not form a precipitate or separate into two phases.
• a further object of the invention is to provide improved novel formulated consumer products com prising an acidified aqueous solution of an Iodophor consisting essentially of a combination of iodine and alkylphenol-ethylene oxide nonionic surface active agents.
• Iodophors comprising combination of iodine with a mixture of a water-soluble and a water-insoluble 'alkylphenol-ethylene oxide nonionic surface active agent, can be diluted with water and acid to give preferred consumer type formulations which are'stable and do not separate or deposit sediment.
• novel Iodophors of the present invention comprising a combination of iodine with a mixture of watersoluble and water-insoluble 'alkylphenol-ethylene oxide surface active agents, as in the prior art Iodophors consisting essentially of a combination of iodine with a watersoluble nonionic surface active agent containing a polyglycol ether group, not all the iodine combined with the carrier remains as bacteriologically active or available iodine.
• the available iodine is defined as the iodine which is titratable by reason of its ability to oxidize sodium thiosulfate. Available iodine can be determined by titration with standardized thiosulfate, preferably using potentiometric titration rather than starch-end-point titration, because the presence of nonionic surfactant interferes with the starch end point. An ordinary pH meter with a millivolt scale will serve as a potentiometer. The details of a preferred method of analysis are as follows.
• Reagent 0.1 N standard sodium thiosulfate (Na S O Procedure: Weigh approximately 1 g. sample to the nearest milligram and dissolve it in approximately ml. distilled water. 7 This quantity is satisfactory for test 3 ing straight Iodophors; it will give iodine to consume approximately 15-20 ml. of sodium thiosulfate solution. In determining the available-iodine content of dilute Iodophor solutions, multiply this amount (1 g.) by the dilution factor.
• NH CNS 0.1 N standard ammonium thiocyanate
• AgNO Nitric acid concd. HNO l M sodium bisulfite (NaHSO Ferric alum indicator, satd. soln.
• novel products of the present invention can be prepared by intimately mixing elemental iodine with a mixture of water-soluble and water-insoluble alkylphenolethylene oxide nonionic surface active agents preferably while slightly heating, e.g. to about 60 C. in order to hasten dissolution of the iodine.
• Iodophor 1A This product, Iodophor 1A, was then tested for bacteriological activity on E. coli and M. pyogenes var. aureus by the Chambers Modification of the Weber-Black Test (Journal Milk Food Technology 19, No. 7, July 1956).
• a stock solution containing by analysis 175 p.p.m. available iodine was prepared from the foregoing Iodophor IA, and was used to make up the test concentrations.
• the test dilutions were plated within seconds after pipetting into plates and the plates were then incubated at 35 C. for 48 hours before the counts were recorded. The precautions and controls suggested in the method were followed.
• Phosphoric acid was used to main an acid pH. The results were as follows:
• Iodophor IA, IB and IC All three products (Iodophor IA, IB and IC) were then formulated into materials giving about 1.75% available iodine by mixing 8.75 parts by weight of each Iodophor product IA, IB, and IC with 10 parts by weight of phosphoric acid and 81.25 parts by weight of distilled water. Samples of the thus obtained formulations were stored in ordinary flint glass sample bottles. The composition containing Iodophor IA was stable on storage; that containing Iodophor IB separated into two liquid phases within two hours standing; that containing Iodophor IC formed a slight sediment on standing overnight.
• Table II 6 itself form a stable product in water when combined with iodine, but some of the ethylene oxide content must be present in a nonionic surface active agent in which the ethylene oxide content is less than the average ethylene oxide content of all nonionics used being, however, within the range of to 90 but with at least about 15% of the nonionic used having an ethylene oxide content of less than 60%.
• novel Iodophor compositions comprising a combination of iodine with a mixture of a water-soluble and water-insoluble alkylphenol-ethylene oxide type nonionic surfactant readily lend themselves either for direct use as germicidal compositions or for formulation into use type germicidal composition formulations. In such further formulations they are, as previously indicated, combined with acid, preferably phosphoric acid, and further, diluted with water. In the preparation of such use type formulations additional alkylphenol-ethylene oxide nonionic surfactants of the water-soluble type may be incorporated so long as the total nonionics in the final formulation has an ethylene oxide content of at least 60% by weight.
• the weight of available iodine may be high as compared with the total weight of the nonionic surfactant in the final formulation.
• the final formulation is intended not only for sanitizing, but also for detergent operations, it is desirable that the weight of the total nonionic surfactant be high as compared with the weight of the total iodine.
• the amount of foam may be decreased by incorporating a small amount of a nonionic surface active agent obtained by condensing 1 molar proportion of an alkylphenol with about 1 molar proportion of ethylene oxide (i.e. in the case of a 1:1 nonylphenol-ethylene oxide condensate a product which contains about 16.6% ethylene oxide).
• a nonionic surface active agent obtained by condensing 1 molar proportion of an alkylphenol with about 1 molar proportion of ethylene oxide (i.e. in the case of a 1:1 nonylphenol-ethylene oxide condensate a product which contains about 16.6% ethylene oxide).
• a general purpose cleaner having low foam can be formulated from Iodophor IA above by mixing 8.75 parts of Iodophor IA with 8.5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 3 parts by weight of the condensate of 1 mole of nonylphenol with 1 mole of ethylene oxide, and 5.75 parts by weight of the condensate of 1 mole of nonylphenol with about 30 moles of ethylene oxide and 74 parts by weight of water.
• This use formulation has 1.75% available iodine, and an Iodophor ratio of 8.6 (slightly lower than the immediately preceding formulation) and an acid ratio of 4.8. However, due to its greater content of surfactant it can be used effectively for general cleaning.
• a final wash water of 25 to 50 p.p.m. of iodine is obtained by adding 2 to 3 /3 oz. of the above formulation to 10 gallons of water.
• an iodine content of wash water of 50 to 100 p.p.m. iodine is desirable so that from 3 /3 to 7 /3 oz. of the above formulation to 10 gallons of water should be used.
• products having a lower Iodophor ratio may be desired as a combined detergent and germicide where a high iodine content is desired in the final wash water as in hospitals etc.
• a use formulation having good cleaning power was formulated by mixing 8.75 parts of Iodophor IA with 8.50 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 5.0 parts by weight of nonionic surfactant obtained by condensing nonylphenol with about 30 moles of ethylene oxide and 77.75 parts by weight of water.
• This product which in the above use formulation had 1.75% available iodine, an Iodophor ratio of 6.5 and an acid ratio of 4.8 was particularly effective where good sanitizing and complete germicidal kill was desired.
• 5% oz. of the above formulation per 10 gallons of Water may be used which will provide a wash water having 75 p.p.m. of iodine.
• alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates of nonylphenol with ethylene oxide have been specifically referred to in the above examples as a preferred type of alkylphenol-ethylene oxide nonionic surfactant, it should be understood that other alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates may be employed if desired.
• the nonylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates have been preferred due to their commercial availability.
• a number of other condensates of ethylene oxide with other alkylphenols have been investigated and found to be the equivalent of the nonylphenol-ethylene oxide condensate previously described.
• the alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates which are employed in the prment invention may be represented by the following general formula:
• R represents an alkyl group and R and R" represent hydrogen or an alkyl group, the total number of alkyl carbon atoms in R, R and R" being at least 6 and more, preferably at least 8 and may be as high as 24, n is an integer representing the number of moles of ethylene oxide condensed with the particular alkylphenol employed.
• one of the nonionic surfactants of this type which is employed should be a product containing less than 55% by weight of ethylene oxide and the other nonionic surfactant should be a product containing more than 60% ethylene oxide.
• the two surfactants being mixed in such proportions with the mixture of nonionics employed contains at least 60% ethylene oxide.
• alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates are known in the prior art, many of them being described for example in US. Patent 2,213,477, a disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• Illustrative of the alkylphenols whose condensates with ethylene oxide may be used may be mentioned dibutylphenol, dibutylcreso l, diamylphenol, diamylcresol, octylphenol, isooctylphenol, nonylphenol, decylphenol, undecylphenol, dodecylphenol, penadecylphenol, octadecylphenol, dinonylphenol, didodecylphenol and the corresponding cresols.
• the water-insoluble alkyl-phenolethylene oxide nonionic surfactant may be derived from one alkylphenol and the water-soluble alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensate may be derived from a different alkylphenol. Also as illustrated by the above examples, it is possible to use a mixture of water-insoluble alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates and a mixture of watersoluble alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensates so long as the percentage of ethylene oxide in the specific condensates and in the mixture of such nonionic surfactants used is within the percentages above specified.
• a water soluble germicidal composition comprising a combination of iodine with a mixture of nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agents characterized in that the nonionic surface active agents in said composition are a mixture of a water insoluble nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of less than 55% by weight and a water soluble nonionic alkyl phenolethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of more than 60% by weight, the ethylene oxide content of said mixture of water insoluble and water soluble nonionic surface active agents being more than 60% by weight of said mixture.
• a water soluble concentrated germicidal composition comprising a combination of at least about 20% by weight of iodine with a mixture of nonionic alkyl phenolethylene oxide condensate surface active agents, said mixture of nonionic surface active agents consisting essentially of a minor amount of at least about 15% by weight of the total of said nonionic surface active agents of a water insoluble nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of less than 55 by weight and a major amount of a Water soluble nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of more than 60% by weight, the ethylene oxide content of said mixture of water insoluble and water soluble nonionic surface active agents being more than 60% by weight of said mixture.
• a water soluble concentrated germicidal composition comprising a combination of about 25 parts by weight of iodine with about 75 parts by weight of a mixture of nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agents, said mixture of nonionic surface active agents consisting essentially of about 1 part by weight of the water insoluble nonionic surface active condensate of about 1 molar proportion of nonyl phenol with about 4 molar proportions of ethylene oxide and 4 6 parts by weight of the water soluble nonionic surface 4.
• a germicidal composition consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing such an amount of a nonoxidizing mineral acid that said solution has a pH below 4 and an available iodine content of at least about 0.5% by weight of a mixture of nonionic alkyl phenolethylene oxide condensate surface active agents characterized in that the nonionic surface active agents in said composition are a mixture of a water insoluble nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of less than 55% by weight and a water soluble nonionic alkyl phenolethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of more than by weight, the ethylene oxide content of said mixture of water insoluble and water soluble nonionic surface active agents being more than 60% by weight of said mixture.
• a germicidal composition consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing such an amount of a nonoxidizing mineral acid that said solution has a pH below 4 and an available iodine content of at least about 0.5% by Weight of a mixture of nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agents, said mixture of nonionic surface active agents consisting essentially of a minor amount of at least about 15 by weight of the total of said nonionic surface active agents of a water insoluble nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of less than 55 by weight and a major amount of a water soluble nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agent having an ethylene oxide content of more than 60% by Weight, the ethylene oxide content of said mixture of water insoluble and water soluble nonionic surface active agents being more than 60% by weight of said mixture.
• a germicidal composition consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing such an amount of a nonoxidizing mineral acid that said solution has a pH below 4 and an available iodine content of at least about 0.5% by weight of a combination of about 25 parts by weight of iodine with about parts by weight of a mixture of nonionic alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate surface active agents, said mixture of nonionic surface active agents consisting essentially of about 1 part by weight of the water insoluble nonionic surface active condensate of about 1 molar proportion of nonyl phenol with about 4 molar proportions of ethylene oxide and 4 parts by weight of the water soluble nonionic surface active condensate of about 1 molar proportion of nonyl with about 15 molar proportions of ethylene oxide.

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• 1958
  • 1958-05-19 US US736005A patent/US2989434A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1958-09-11 CH CH6384258A patent/CH374453A/de unknown

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