Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to lubricating greases containing soaps of epoxy fatty acids.
• saponifiable epoxy fatty acid materials may be employed very successfully in the preparation of lubricating greases, either as the sole sapon'ifiable material or in admixture with other saponifiable materials of conventional types, and that lubricating greases may be prepared in this manner having very superior shear resistance and other special properties.
• the saponifiable epoxy fatty acid materials which are employed in accordance with this invention are obtained by treating unsaturated fatty materials comprising unsaturated high molecular weight fatty acids or the esters thereof with certain oxidizing agents such as perbenzoic and peracetic acids, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom at the olefinic double bonds, forming the oxirane ring t a I I
• the reaction product contains one or more oxirane rings per molecule, depending upon the degree of unsaturation of the starting material, and in addition some hydroxy groups may be introduced by an opening of some of the oxirane rings during the reaction, particularly when an unsaturated oil containing more than one olefinic double bond per molecule is employed as the starting material.
• Suitable starting materials for the epoxidation reaction are unsaturated fatty acids containing at least 12 carbon atoms, such as from 12 to about 32 carbon atoms per molecule, and one or more olefinic double bonds, usually from 1 to about 3 olefinic double bonds, per molecule, and the glycerides or other esters of such acids. They may be employed either in relatively pure form or in naturally occurring mixtures with each other and with "minor proportions of saturated fatty acids and their esters derived from animal, vegetable or marine oils, such as, for example, lard oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, castor oil, menhaden oil, whale oil, etc.
• the preferred starting materials are those consisting of at least a predominant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids containing from about 16 to about 24 carbon atoms and either 1 or 2 olefinic double bonds per molecule, such as, for example, oleic acid, palmitolenic acid, lauroleic acid, palmitolic acids, petroselic acid, linoleic acid, eicosylenic acid, erucic acid and ricinoleic acid, and the esters of such acids.
• the saponifying agent employed may be a hydroxide or other suitable compound of any of the metals ordinarily employed as the metal component of soaps in grease making, such as sodium, lithium, potassium, cal- 3,009,878 Patented Nov. 21, 196i "ice 2 and hydroxy fatty acids of the types which have been employed heretofore in grease ma ing, in a ratio of from about 1 to 3 to about 3 to l by weight, may be employed as the thickening agents.
• Examples of preferred epoxy fatty acid soaps and mixtures thereof with other soaps of conventional types which may be employed include the following: lithium 9,10- epoxystearate, sodium 9,10-epoxystearate, potassium '9, IO-epoxystearate, calcium 9,1-0-epoxystearate, calcium 8, 9-epoxy-l0 hydroxystearate, aluminum 9,10-epoxystearate, lead 9,10-epoxystearate, lithium 8,9-epoxystearate, lithium 7,8-epoxystearate, sodium 4,5-epoxystearate, calcium 11,12-epoxystearate, calcium diepoxystearate, sodium 6,7-epoxymyristate, lithium 6,7-epoxymyristate, calcium 7,8-epoxymyristate, sodium 7,8-epoxypalmitate, magnesium 7,8-epoxypalmitate, lead 13,14-epoxybehenate, sodium 16,17-epoxymelissate, barium 14,15-epoxycer
• the oleaginous liquids employed in these greases may be any suitable oils of lubricating characteristics, including the conventional mineral lubricating oils, synthetic o'ils obtained by various refinery processes such as cracking and polymerization, and other synthetic o'leaginous compounds such as high molecular weight ethers and esters.
• the dicarboxylic acid esters such as di-Z-ethyl hexyl sebacate, di(secondary amyl) sebacate, di-2-ethyl hexyl azelate, di-isoctyl adipate, etc., are a particularly suitable class of synthetic oils, and may be employed as the sole oleaginous component of the grease or in combination with other synthetic oils or mineral oils.
• Suit 1 able mineral oils are those having viscosities in the range from about 100 to about 2,000 seconds Saybolt Universal --at 100 F., and may be either naphthenic or parafi'inic V intype, or blends ofthe two.
• the greases may also"contain various additives of the usual type such as corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, antiwear agents, and so forth.
• they contain an oxidation inhibitor which may suitably be an oxidation'inhibitorof the amine -type, such as diphenyl- 5 amine,aphenyl naphthylamine or tetramethyl diamino cium, barium, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, aluminum, lead, etc., as well as mixtures of two or more metals.
• It is preferably an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate -'of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, or a mixture of two or more such compounds or different metals selected from these groups.
• the lubricating greases of this invention may suitably contain from-about 5 to about 5 0 percent by weight of an epoxy fatty acid-soap as described above, either alone or in conjunction with other thickening agents such as different fatty acid soaps.
• soap mixtures or mixed soaps of epoxy fatty acids and of difierent fatty acids such as unsubstituted fatty acids diphenyl methane.
• the preparation of these greases may be carried out by any suitable grease making procedure.
• the oils employed in the saponification is preferably a mineral oil or other oil which is not hydrolyzed under the saponification conditions.
• the saponification mass is heated at a higher ter'nperature to'idehydratepand the main portion of the f oleagin ous liquid base and any additives employed are -mixed in while themixture is allowed to cool.
• the saponifiable epoxy fatty acid material may be prepared as described by Findley et al., I. Am. Chem. Soc.,
• Lithium soap greases of the conventional type prepared from lithium soaps of ordinary fatty acids such as stearic acid, have certain very desirable properties such as the combination of high dropping points and good water resistance, but they are deficient in shear resistance and therefore tend to soften to an objectionable degree upon working. They have the further disadvantage that a high temperature method of manufacture'is required, wherein the lithium soap and the lubricating oil base are heated together to a high temperature above the melting point of the soap, such as about 360-500 F., and the solution then allowed to cool in open pans. This method is very undesirable because of the high temperature of operation, the special equipment required, and the lack of control over the consistency and yield of the final product.
• the preparation may be readily carried out by the low temperature process, wherein the soap in prepared in situ in a portion of the lubricating oil base, with saponification and dehydration at temperatures below the melting point of the soap, and additional lubricating oil is added sufiicient to produce a grease of the desired consistency while the mixture is cooled down in the kettle with stirring or other agitation means.
• the greases obtained have excellent shear stability, in marked contrast to the conventional lithium soap greases.
• the preparation may be carried out by the low temperature method without difficulty, and greases are obtained having excellent shear stability as well as the desirable properties of lithium soap greases generally, including equivalent dropping points and water resistance.
• a series of greases representative of this preferred embodiment was prepared employing 9,10-epoxystearic acid in the saponification.
• the 9,10-epoxystearic acid employed in these preparations was obtained by the epoxidation of oleic acid with a commercial 40 percent solution of peracetic acid (Cl grade), which had been treated with 3.5 percent of sodium acetate to neutralize the small amount of sulfuric acid present.
• the reaction was carried out in acetic acid solution at a temperature of about 25 C. for about 4 to 6 hours, the reaction mixture then poured into an equal volume of ice water and the solid product isolated by filtration, washed thoroughly with cold water, dried, and crystallized from precipitation naphtha.
• a product was obtained having a melting point of about 50-57 C., .a saponification number of 187-191 and a neutralization number of 182-188.
• 1130 g. of oleic acid were added slowly to a solution of 775 g. of 40 percent'peracetic acid in 750 cc.
• the mineral lubricating oil was a refined naphthene base distillate oil having an API gravity of 20.7, a flash point, COC, of 375 F., a Saybolt Universal viscosity of 312 seconds at F. and a pour point of -20 F.
• the lithium soap was prepared from a 9,10-epoxystearic acid having a melting point of 53 C., a saponification number of 191 and a neutralization number of 184, obtained as described above.
• the grease preparation was carried out in the following manner: A laboratory pestle-stirred grease kettle was charged with 250 g. of the 9 ,10-epoxystearic acid, 255 g. of the mineral lubricating oil, 205, g. of an aqueous 10 percent LiOH solution and 200 g. of water. This mixture was heated for 3 hours at 210 F., until the saponification was completed, and then at 310 F. for an additional hour to dehydrate, An additional 250 g. of the mineral lubricating oil was added to the saponification mass while it was at 310 F., and 250 g. more of the oil and 10 g. of phenylalphanaphthylamine were added gradu-ally while it was allowed to cool. The grease was finally drawn at 225 F.
• the mineral lubricating oil was the same as that described in Example I.
• the lithium soaps were prepared from a mixture of 9,10 epoxystearic acid having a melting point of 54 C., a saponification number of 189 and a neutralization number of 188, prepared as described above, and a commercial stearic acid having a neutralization number of 194, a saponification number of 200 and an iodine number of 4.
• the grease preparation was carried out as described in Example I, except that the charge to the kettle consisted of 166 g. of 9,10-epoxystearic acid, 84 g. of stearic acid, 255 g. of mineral oil, 210 g. of 10 percent lithium hydroxide and 200 g. of water.
• a grease was prepared having the following composition in percent by weight:
• the mineral lubricating oil was the same as that described in Example I.
• the lithium soaps were prepared from a mixture of Penetration at 77 F. worked 255 Dropping point, F 380 Free alkali (as LiOH) 0.53
• the mineral lubricating oil was a refined parafiin base distillate oil having an API gravity of 28.8, a flash point, COC, of 355 F., a Saybolt Universal viscosity of 104.5 seconds at 100 F. and a pour point of 25 F.
• the synthetic ester was di-Z-ethylhexyl sebacate, sold commercially as Plexol-201. This material had a flash point, COC, of 410 F., a kinematic viscosity at 100 F.
• the lithium soaps were prepared from the 9,10-epoxystearic acid and stearic acid described in Example II.
• the grease preparation was carried out in substantially the same manner as in the foregoing examples except that the saponification was carried out at 210 F. for 2 hours and the dehydration at 310 F. for 2 hours, and product drawn at 200 F.
• the charge to the kettle consisted of 158 g. of epoxystearic acid, 80 g. of stearic acid, 182 g. of mineral oil, 187 g. of 10 percent lithium hydroxide and 243 g. of water.
• the synthetic ester was added following the dehydration, 200 g. being added at 310 F. and the remainder (346 g.) added gradually during the cooling down process.
• the dynamic shear test measures the tendency of a grease to break down under conditions of severe working stress at elevated temperatures for prolonged periods. It is carried out at 225 F. in a test machine consisting of a perforated piston reciprocating in a closed cylinder at 49 strokes per minute for 8 hours, as described in US. 2,450,219, column 5, lines 6-19.
• the torque breakdown machine test of the above table was carried out employing a standard Federal Precision Ball Bearing No. 1211 rotated upon a motor driven shaft within a housing provided with temperature control means.
• the bearing was packed with about 32 g. of the test grease, weighed, and assembled upon the shaft, which was then rotated at 1750 rpm. for 3' hours, the temperature being raised gradually during the first hour from the initial temperature of F. to 250 F. and then maintained at 250 F. for the remaining two hours.
• Grease leakage was determined as the ditference between the original weight of the grease in the bearing and the combined weight of the grease in the bearing and in the housing at the end of the test.
• a grease was prepared which consisted of 14.8 percent barium 9,10-epoxystearate, 0.6 percent phenylalphanaphthylamine and the remainder mineral lubricating oil.
• the preparation was carried out as described in Example I, by saponification at 210 F., dehydration at 310 F. and addition of the remainder of the oil while dropping the temperature to 200 F., employing a 9,10- epoxystearic acid and a mineral lubricating oil of the same type.
• the product after milling was a dark brown smooth grease having an ASTM worked penetration of 332.
• a lubricating grease composition comprising a lubricating oil thickened by a metal soap of an epoxy fatty acid.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the said soap is an alkali metal soap.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the said soap is lithium 9,10-epoxystearate.
• a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency by about to 40 percent by weight of an alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight epoxy fatty acid.
• a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency by a mixture of an epoxy fatty acid soap. and a fatty 'acid soap selected from the group consisting of hydroxy fatty acid soaps and unsubstituted fatty acid soaps in a proportion of from about 1 to 3 to about 3 to 1 by weight.
• composition of claim 5 wherein the said epoxy fatty acid soap is an alkali metal soap.
• a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency by from about 5 to 40 percent by weight of a mixture of an alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight epoxy fatty acid and an alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight unsubstituted fatty acid in a proportion of from about 1 to 3 to about 3 to 1 by weight.
• composition of claim 7 wherein the said epoxy fatty acid is 9,10-epoxystearic acid.
• composition of claim 7 wherein the said alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight epoxy fatty acid is lithium 9,10-epoxystearate.
• a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency by from about 5 to 40 percent by weight of a mixture of lithium 9,10-epoxystearate and lithium stearate in a proportion of about 2 to 1 by weight.
• the method of grease preparation which comprises saponifying with a basic metal compound a saponifiable material comprising at least a substantial proportion of a high molecular weight epoxy fatty acid material in the presence of at least a portion of the mineral lubricating oil employed in the grease, dehydrating and adding any remaining lubricating oil employed in the grease.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Citations (9)

• 0
  • CA CA580342A patent/CA580342A/fr not_active Expired
• 1954
  • 1954-07-12 US US442910A patent/US3009878A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (10)

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