US3013892A - Impact media for mechanical plating and method of using same - Google Patents

Impact media for mechanical plating and method of using same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3013892A
US3013892A US858323A US85832359A US3013892A US 3013892 A US3013892 A US 3013892A US 858323 A US858323 A US 858323A US 85832359 A US85832359 A US 85832359A US 3013892 A US3013892 A US 3013892A
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spheroidal
inch
particles
plating
mixture
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US858323A
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John G Songas
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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Priority to US858323A priority Critical patent/US3013892A/en
Priority to CH1368860A priority patent/CH392197A/de
Priority to GB42528/60A priority patent/GB966703A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C23C24/045—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles by trembling using impacting inert media

Definitions

  • This invention relates to mechanical plating and more particularly relates to an improved impact media for mechanical plating.
  • Mechanical plating is the plating, coating or cladding of articles, usually metal articles, by impacting powdered metal particles onto the surface of such articles in such a manner as to transform the metal powder into a continuous protective and/or decorative plating on the article surface.
  • the thickness of the plating may be varied within reasonably controllable limits by the amount of plating powder in the system, the time of impacting, and the rate of impacting, along with other factors.
  • the articles or parts to be plated are placed in a tumbling barrel or drum and the metal powder, impacting media and such other additives, usually water and so-called promoter chemicals, e.g. such as those of Reissue Patent Re. 23,861, to facilitate the plating action, are added to the barrel and the barrel tumbled. With this tumbling action, the impacting media hammer the plating powder into a continuous plating on the articles to be plated.
  • the impacting media with which this invention is concerned are those added in addition to the articles to be plated.
  • the metal powder, the articles to be plated, the promoter chemicals and the impacting media are usually a liquid slurry, although some mechanical plating operations are carried out in a dry system.
  • Nonspheroidal vitreous particles of randomly irregular shapes with numerous platoidal surfaces or major platoidal surface areas and polygonal in cross-section with the edge, corner, platoidal and other exposed surface areas smooth to the touch have been found to be hivhly useful in the practice of the invention
  • a preferred class of nonspheroidal vitreous particles in the practice of the invention is polished, randomly irregularcullet of shapes predominantly polygonal in cross section and being of a size range of from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch.
  • FIG. l a tumbling barrel loaded for mechanical plating is illustrated in simplified form in cross section in FIGURE l; a sample distribution of an impact media mixture formulated in 4accordance with this invention is illustrated in FlGURE 2; and, FIG- URE 3 illustrates some typical non-spheroidal shaped impact media.
  • a tumbling barrel 10 is rcvealed loaded for beginning a tumbling operation to plate metal powder onto the surface of articles to be so plated.
  • the barrel is displayed as containing la carrier liquid l2 (having promoter chemicals dissolved therein to facilitate the plating action of the metal powder) with a metal powder ifi to be plated, and an impact media le to aid in plating.
  • the parts to be plated are designated by the numeral 18, and may be of any desired shape.
  • the powder 14 and impact media 16 in the carrier liquid are shown in suspension, rather than settled in the bottom of the drum as they would be with the drum at rest, for simplicity of illustration. It is to be understood that these ingredients would probably be mixed in more random fashion within the tumbling barrel than is illustrated and no attempt has been made to draw the ingredients to scale.
  • FIGURE 2 a sampling of the impact media 16 is shown in somewhat enlarged scale whereby the graded sizes of spherical impacting particles 2t) can be shown intermingled with graded sizes of nonspherical particles 22.
  • FIGURE 3 some typical possible shapes of the nonspherical polished glass cullet 22 are disclosed;V however, itis to be understood that these particle shapes are illustrative only and not all-inclusive of the almost infinite variety of nonspherical shapes possible.
  • Non-spheroidal particles having a major dimension larger than about 3A, of an inch have been found to be generally ineffective to provide the improved results of this invention as there is a tendency for the powdered metal of the plating operation to plate out on these particles whereby they detract from the plating eiiiciency of the system and consequently, as an economic matter, while a little of this may be tolerable, the net result is to change particles of such large sizes from impact media to coated parts.
  • non-spheroidal vitreous particle size falls below about 0.03 inch, the abrasive action of the particles is too great on the plated parts and the luster, in fact even the coating continuity, become detrimentally effected.
  • minor amounts of non-spheroidal particles smaller than about 0.03 inch can be tolerated to some degree without serious detrimental effect on the system.
  • the percentage of non-spheroidal particles to total impact media mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal particles in parts by volume may be varied from about 5 to about 80% to provide mechanically plated parts with visibly superior lusters, and in the case of screw threaded and other parts having intricate surface geometry, more uniform coating thicknesses and continuity, and in the case of threaded parts, greater thread root coverage.
  • spheroidal particles in the impact media mixture those having a size range of from about 0.006 inch to about 0.35 inch have been found suitable.
  • the spheroidal particles may be divided basically into groups of nes, which are those spheroidal particles from about 0.006 inch to about 0.014 inch, intermediate fines from 0.014 inch to about 0.035 inch, and llargef namely those of a size larger than about 0.035 inch. It is only in the case of very intricate surface geometry, eg., small screw threaded parts, etc., that large quantities of the fines (up to 30% by volume of the impact media mixture) are used as on flat parts they may contribute to roughness of plated surfaces.
  • the large spheroidal particles are limited in their gross size primarily because of the tendency of the powdered metal in the mechanicai plating mixture to plate out onto them as well as on the parts it is actually desired to plate and further because when such particles are used, as for example on parts made of metal stampings with sharply angled sections, a halo effect is sometimes apparent wherein the area of the part immediately at the juncture of the sides to the angle (inside) is relatively dull as compared with the atter surfaces on both sides thereof.
  • larger spheroidal particles may be added to the plating system to space parts from one another and prevent them from unduly scratching one another, as for example to separate from one another loud speaker frames which tend to nest with one another and radio chassis with sharp corners.
  • any particular combination of sizes of spheroidal and non-spheroidal particles in any given irnpact media mixture is of course somewhat dependent on the type, size, and shape of the part to be plated.
  • the usual parts to be plated are of ferrous metals, in many instances overcoated with flash immersion coatings of copper or the like to promote plating adherence, and are predominantly hardware items such as nuts, bolts, screws of all sizes, serrated washers and similar items having relatively intricate surface geometry as well as parts stamped and formed from flat sheet stock, and including flat washers, hinges, rods, bars, small plates, and various stamped frames such as brackets, holders, and similar items.
  • plating can be formed of almost any powdered metal or powdered metal alloy of a particle size about 44 microns and smaller, which will adhere to the article being plated, zinc, cadium and tin are the more common plating powders as well as alloys of zinc, cadium and tin among themselves and with other metals.
  • brass, bronze, silver and gold may be considered.
  • impact media mixtures may contain only the larger spheroidal particles and littie or no spheroidal particle fines, and only the larger, non-spheroidal particles of from about 0.2 to about 0.75 inch.
  • spheroidal fines of the smaller sizes from about 0.006 to about 0.014 inch will be present as a percentage of the spheroidal particles in the mixture and the non-spheroidal particles present will probably not exceed a size over about 1/10 of an inch, the non-spheroidal size range possibly being from 0.03 to about 0.09 inch.
  • preferred impact media mixtures are those containing from about 50 to about 70% non-spheroidal particles as a volume percentage of the total mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal particles.
  • mixtures containing from about 15 to about 70% non-spheroidal particles have been found to provide plated articles having visibly improved surface finishes, e.g., better luster, and more uniform coating thicknesses; preferred mixtures for such parts 4have been found to be those containing from about 30 to about 60 volume percent non-spheroidal particlcs.
  • the examples following may be divided basically into two groups, the first group compares the platings of parts plated with spheroidal and non-spheroidal vitreous particle impact media mixtures with identical parts plated with completely spheroidal impact media mixtures, the parts having relatively intricate surface geometry; and, the second group of examples compares parts plated with mixtures of spheroidal particles as impact media with parts plated with mixtures of spheroidal and non-spheroi dal particles as impact media, the parts being flat with no involved surface considerations. 1n each group of examples the only variable to be found is the impact media formulations, although the total volume of impact media was in all cases about 21/2 quarts.
  • Examples 1-5 a 4500 cubic centimeter capacity hexagonal tumbling mill having 9 inch diameter barrel which revolves at 54 r.p.m.s was used.
  • a charge containing 1500 grams of copper immersion coated No. 10 screws 5A; inch long containing 24 threads to the inch, with hexagonal Shanks and round at heads, to be plated.
  • the charge to the barrel also included 19 grams of zinc powder, or dust, 10 grams of a promoter chemical and sufficient water to immerse the settled charge and cover the charge to a depth of about 1 inch, the water temperature being between about 50 and 70 F.
  • the tumbling time in the barrel in all cases was 60 minutes and the spheroidal particles were glass beads and the nonspheroidal particles polished glass cullet.
  • Example I In this example the recommended commercial formulation of spheroidal glass beads as impact media for such parts was used and comprised the following mixture.
  • Example Z Impact media mixture in this example was as follows.
  • Example 4 The impact media formulation of this example comprised about 50% glass cullet of a size range of from .O3-.05 inch as the non-spheroidal component of the mixture, 40% glass beads of .I3-.18 inch diameter and 10% .0061033 inch diameter glass beads. Luster of the parts appeared to be as good as, and possibly slightly better than, the luster of the parts of Example 3; thread coverage likewise appeared t be excellent. However, the coating eiiiciency, namely the amount of powder in the charge coated out onto the parts, while still quite high (about 90%) was not quite as good in this run as in the preceding runs.
  • the non-spherical particles should preferably comprise about 2G-60% of the mixture, and that the amount of spheroidal rines present should be preferably about lli to 29% of the mixture to achieve the advantages of maximum coverage and luster.
  • Example 6 In this example the commercially recommended glass bead impact media mixture of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company was used. The mixture is as follows.
  • Bead size Volume percentage .13 -.18 inch 57.1 .OSS-.G66 inch 28.6 .D14-.033 inch 14.3
  • the resulting plated parts displayed the characteristically low luster of good quality commercially acceptable mechanically plated hat parts.
  • Example 7 the impact media consisted of graded spherical glass beads and 5% non-spherical glass cullet, the cullet size was about .19-.25 inch and the bead size, as a percentage of the total mixture, were as follows.
  • Example 8 Impact media mixture of this example is as follows.
  • Example 9 The impact media mixture of this example was as follows.
  • Example 10 The impact media mixture of this example was as follows.
  • Example 1 In this example the impact media mixture contained 90% by volume cullet of the .t9-.25 inch size with 5% each of glass beads having the respective size ranges of .OSS-.066 inch and .014-.033 inch.
  • the impact media of this invention enable carrying out mechanical plating operations with a maximum of er'iciency and with a heretofore unattainable degree of quality as indicated by luster, smoothness, and continuity of coverage in the resulting plate, Further, the plating thickness tends to be more continuous and complete at previously resistant geometric points such as screw thread roots and the like than has heretofore been possible.
  • the non-spheroidal particles While not wishing to be bound by any theory as to the significantly improved results obtained by combining spheroidal and non-spheroidal particles as the impact media mixture, it is believed that the non-spheroidal particles, with the angularity provided by numerous corners and edges combined with large, relatively smooth planar surface areas, enable excellent deformation of the metal powder particles, the rounded edges and corners of the non-spheroidal particles initially deforming the metal powder and the flat or nearly flat surfaces of these particles sliding over the surfaces being plated without tumbling to plane and burnish these surfaces to a smoothness and high luster heretofore unattainable in mechanical plating.
  • Vitreous particles are desired because of their dense, non-porous surfaces which provide good impacting action without undue abrasion and in addition provide surfaces to which the metal powder to be impacted does not adhere preferentially to the parts being plated. Consequently, glass and porcelain are the preferred vitreous particles. Other equivalent materials can also be used.
  • Mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about to about 80% by Volume of the mixture and being of a size range from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch, said non-spheroidal particles having the edges and other surfaces thereof smooth to the touch, and having a major platoidal surface area.
  • Mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about 5% to about 80% by volume of the mixture, said non-spheroidal particles having the edges and other impacting surfaces thereof free from apparent abrasive roughness, having a major platoidal surface area and being generally polygonal cross-section, said non-spheroidal particles being of a size range of from about 0.03 inch Lto about 0.75 inch.
  • Mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about 5% to about 80% by volume of the mixture, said non-spheroidal particles being polished, randomly irregular cullet of predominantly polygonal cross-sectional shapes and being of a size range from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch.
  • a mechanical plating impact media co-mprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said nonspheroidal particles comprising about 15% to about 70% by volume of the mix-ture and being of a size range of from about 0.03 to about 0.1 inch, said non-spheroidal particles being generaily of polygonal configuration, and having the edges and surfaces thereof smooth to the touch and free of apparent abrasive roughness.
  • a mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said mixture containing from about 5 to about 80% non-spherical particles by total volume of spheroidal and non-spheroidal particles, the size of said non-spheroidal particles being in the range of from about 0.20 inch to about 0.75 inch, said non-spheroidal particles possessing major platoidal surface areas and being generally of polygonal cross-section and of random shapes with the surfaces thereof smooth to the touch and free of apparent abrasive roughness.
  • a method for providing mechanically plated articles having improved luster which comprises mechanically plating said articles with a metal plating powder in the presence of an impacting media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about 5 to about 80% by volume of the mixture and being of a size range from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch, said non-spheroidal particles having the edges and surfaces thereof smooth to the touch and being of irregular, random shapes.
  • a method for providing mechanically plated articles having improved luster which comprises mechanically plating said articles with a metal plating powder in the presence of an impacting media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about 5 to about 80% by volume of the mixture and having edges and nou-porous irregular impacting surfaces free from apparent abrasive roughness, said nonspheroidal particles being of randomly irregular, predominantly polygonal shapes in cross section and being of a size range of from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch.
  • a method for providing mechanically plated articles having improved luster which comprises mechanically plating said articles with a metal plating powder in the presence of an impacting media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about 5 to about 80% by volume of the mixture and being polished, randomly irregular cullet of predominantly polygonal cross sectional shape in a size range of from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch.
  • a method for providing mechanically plated articles having improved luster which comprises mechanically plating said articles with a metal plating powder in the presence of an impacting media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising from about to about 80% by volume of the mixture and being polished, randomly irregular cullet of predominantly polygonal cross-sectional shape in ⁇ a size range of from about 0.03 inch to about ⁇ 0.75 inch, said spheroidal particles being essentially with-in a size range of from about ⁇ 0.006 inch to about 0.35 inch.
  • Mechanical plating impact med-ia comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal vitreous particles, Isaid non-spheroidal particles comprising from about 5% to about 80% 4by volume of the mixture, said non-spheroidal particles having the edges and surfaces thereof generally smooth to the touch and being generally polygonal in cross-section, said non-spheroidal particles being essentially within a size range of from about 0.03 inc-h to about 0.75 inch, said spheroidal particles being essentially within a size range of Ifrom about 0.006 inch to about 0.35 inch,
  • a mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said non spheroidal particles comprising about 15% to about 70% by volume of the mixture and being of a size range of from about 0.03 to about 0.1 inch, said non-spherical particles 4being generally of polygonal coniiguration, and having the edges and surfaces thereof smooth to the touch and free of apparent abrasive roughness, said spheroidal particles lbeing within a size range of from about 0.006 inch to about 0.35 inch.
  • a mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal and non-spheroidal shaped vitreous particles, said mixture containing from about 5 to about 80% non-spherical particles by total volume of spheroidal and non-spheroidal particles, the size of said non-spheroidal particles being in the range of from about 0.25 inch to about 0.75 inch, said non-spheroidal particles ybeing generally of polygonal configuration and having the edges and surfaces thereof smooth to the touch and free of apparent abrasive roughness, said spheroidal particles comprising from about 30%-100% by volume particles of a size from about 0.035 inoh to about 0.35 inch, any ⁇ remaining spheroidal particles being in a size range of from about 0.014 to about 0.035 inch.
  • Mechanical plating impact media comprising a mixture of spheroidal Aand non-spheroidal vitreous particles, said non-spheroidal particles comprising lfrom about 5% to about 80% yby volume of the mixture land being of a size rangey from about 0.03 inch to about 0.75 inch, said non-spheroidal particles :having the edges and other surfaces thereof smooth to the touch, and having a major platoidal surface area, said spheroidal particles having a size range of from about 0.006 to about 0.35 inch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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CH1368860A CH392197A (de) 1959-12-09 1960-12-07 Prallkörpergemisch und Verwendung desselben
GB42528/60A GB966703A (en) 1959-12-09 1960-12-09 Impact media for mechanical plating

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141756A (en) * 1962-01-16 1964-07-21 Corning Glass Works Glass forming element and method of manufacture
US3201273A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-08-17 Associated Spring Corp Mechanical plating method
US3212889A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-10-19 Xerox Corp Xerographic contrast control
US3287157A (en) * 1962-10-10 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Method of plating metal article with metal
US3286604A (en) * 1962-08-16 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Marking materials
US3400012A (en) * 1964-06-10 1968-09-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Process of plating metal objects
US3442691A (en) * 1968-01-23 1969-05-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Surface treating of articles by rotating and reciprocating the treatment container
US3545996A (en) * 1969-02-25 1970-12-08 Zero Manufacturing Co Method and apparatus for producing a decorative effect on stainless steel and other surface
US3842306A (en) * 1973-06-21 1974-10-15 Gen Electric Alumina coatings for an electric lamp
US3869894A (en) * 1972-11-07 1975-03-11 Oxy Metal Finishing Corp Method of treating iron and steel workpieces prior to cold working
US4129443A (en) * 1975-06-06 1978-12-12 Ford Motor Company Method for improving the sinterability of iron powder derived from comminuted scrap metal
US4209556A (en) * 1976-11-03 1980-06-24 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Method of processing glazed tubular inserts
US4654230A (en) * 1984-10-12 1987-03-31 Tru-Plate Process, Inc. Method of impact plating selective metal powders onto metallic articles
US5460848A (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-10-24 Madison Chemical Co., Inc. Composition and process for mechanical plating of nickel-containing coatings on metal substrates
US5510145A (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-04-23 Madison Chemical Co., Inc. Composition and process for mechanical plating of cobalt-containing coatings on metal substrates
US6355313B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-03-12 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Process for surface treatment of hollow work having hole communicating with outside
US20080189911A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2008-08-14 Deborah Loxam-Kohl Method and Apparatus for Felting Three Dimensional Objects
US20080296349A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Chiu Tsung Chen Method for treating metal member
US20100221574A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Rochester Thomas H Zinc alloy mechanically deposited coatings and methods of making the same
US9885103B2 (en) * 2012-12-12 2018-02-06 Kwik-Coat (Aust) Pty Ltd Alloy coated workpieces

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1393334A (en) * 1921-10-11 Llewellyn t
USRE23861E (en) * 1954-08-31 Cladding metal
US2723204A (en) * 1950-04-19 1955-11-08 Peen Plate Inc Dry plating with metal
US2847169A (en) * 1955-11-25 1958-08-12 Hartman William Walter Grinding charge for ball mills

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1393334A (en) * 1921-10-11 Llewellyn t
USRE23861E (en) * 1954-08-31 Cladding metal
US2723204A (en) * 1950-04-19 1955-11-08 Peen Plate Inc Dry plating with metal
US2847169A (en) * 1955-11-25 1958-08-12 Hartman William Walter Grinding charge for ball mills

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3212889A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-10-19 Xerox Corp Xerographic contrast control
US3141756A (en) * 1962-01-16 1964-07-21 Corning Glass Works Glass forming element and method of manufacture
US3286604A (en) * 1962-08-16 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Marking materials
US3201273A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-08-17 Associated Spring Corp Mechanical plating method
US3287157A (en) * 1962-10-10 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Method of plating metal article with metal
US3400012A (en) * 1964-06-10 1968-09-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Process of plating metal objects
US3442691A (en) * 1968-01-23 1969-05-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Surface treating of articles by rotating and reciprocating the treatment container
US3545996A (en) * 1969-02-25 1970-12-08 Zero Manufacturing Co Method and apparatus for producing a decorative effect on stainless steel and other surface
US3869894A (en) * 1972-11-07 1975-03-11 Oxy Metal Finishing Corp Method of treating iron and steel workpieces prior to cold working
US3842306A (en) * 1973-06-21 1974-10-15 Gen Electric Alumina coatings for an electric lamp
US4129443A (en) * 1975-06-06 1978-12-12 Ford Motor Company Method for improving the sinterability of iron powder derived from comminuted scrap metal
US4209556A (en) * 1976-11-03 1980-06-24 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Method of processing glazed tubular inserts
US4654230A (en) * 1984-10-12 1987-03-31 Tru-Plate Process, Inc. Method of impact plating selective metal powders onto metallic articles
EP0178135A3 (en) * 1984-10-12 1988-07-27 Mcgean Tru-Plate, Inc. Impact plating powdered metal on to metallic articles
US5460848A (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-10-24 Madison Chemical Co., Inc. Composition and process for mechanical plating of nickel-containing coatings on metal substrates
US5587006A (en) * 1994-04-07 1996-12-24 Madison Chemical Co., Inc. Composition and process for mechanical plating of nickel-containing coatings on metal substrates
US5510145A (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-04-23 Madison Chemical Co., Inc. Composition and process for mechanical plating of cobalt-containing coatings on metal substrates
US6355313B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-03-12 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Process for surface treatment of hollow work having hole communicating with outside
US20020102427A1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-08-01 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Process for surface-treatment of hollow work having hole communicating with outside, and ring-shaped bonded magnet produced by the process
US6819211B2 (en) 1999-02-26 2004-11-16 Neomax Co. Ltd Process for surface-treatment of hollow work having hole communicating with outside, and ring-shaped bonded magnet produced by the process
US20080189911A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2008-08-14 Deborah Loxam-Kohl Method and Apparatus for Felting Three Dimensional Objects
US20080296349A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Chiu Tsung Chen Method for treating metal member
US20100221574A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Rochester Thomas H Zinc alloy mechanically deposited coatings and methods of making the same
US9885103B2 (en) * 2012-12-12 2018-02-06 Kwik-Coat (Aust) Pty Ltd Alloy coated workpieces

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CH392197A (de) 1965-05-15

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