US3025689A - Hosiery articles knitted from polypropylene yarn - Google Patents

Hosiery articles knitted from polypropylene yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3025689A
US3025689A US684079A US68407957A US3025689A US 3025689 A US3025689 A US 3025689A US 684079 A US684079 A US 684079A US 68407957 A US68407957 A US 68407957A US 3025689 A US3025689 A US 3025689A
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Prior art keywords
polypropylene
hosiery
yarns
knitted
fibers
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US684079A
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English (en)
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Beghelli Benito
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Montedison SpA
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Montedison SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fabrics knitted from yarns formed of textile fibers at least the major proportion of which are fibers of polypropylene consisting prevailingly of isotactic macromolecules. More particularly, the invention is concerned with seamless and full-fashioned hosiery.
  • Knitted fabrics being generally more elastic than woven fabrics, are preferred for hosiery.
  • the fibers and yarns used should have optimum properties of regularity, flexibility, smoothness, mechanical strength and elasticity.
  • the mechanical strength and flexibility of the fibers and yarns are of special importance in the knitting operation because of the stresses and strains to which the fibers and yarns are subjected during their sinuous path through the needles of the knitting machines.
  • Other important factors are the capacity of the fibers and yarns to withstand setting of the knitted fabric in a predetermined shape by some process such as boarding and to retain their pre-set shape under all conditions of wear.
  • the mechanical strength and elasticity of the hosiery is of paramount importance because only a strong stocking having good elastic recovery can be worn for any length of time without laddering or running.
  • the present invention provides knitted articles, particularly hosiery, which have properties of elasticity, resiliency, tensile strength, resistance to Wear and retention of shape, as well as high thermal insulating capacity, resistance to creasing, to moths and micro-organisms and to chemicals, which are all combined in a stocking for the first time, and which are superior in all, or in most all respects to nylon and Dacron hosiery.
  • the new fibers from which the hosiery of this invention is knitted are formed from high molecular weight, linear, head-to-tail isotactic polymers of propylene.
  • alpha-olefines CH CHR in which R is a hydrocarbon radical including polymers of propylene (see, e.g., Natta et al. J.A.C.S., March 20, 1955), which polymers are of two difierent steric configurations by virtue of which the polymers are crystallizable or non-crystallizable.
  • the crystallizable (or crystalline) polymers consist of macromolecules in which substantially all of the asymmetric tertiary main-chain carbon atoms of adjacent monomeric units have, on the same chain section, the same steric configuration and the main chain of the macromolecules, if presumed fully extended in a hypothetical plane, shows substantially all of the R groups bound to the teritiary carbons of the monomer units making up said chain section on one side of the plane and all of the hydrogen atoms bound to said tertiary carbon atoms on the opposite side.
  • These crystallizable polymers were termed isotactic polymers by Natta, and that term has since been adopted in the art.
  • the amorphous, non-crystallizable polymers consist essentially of macromolecules in which tertiary asymmetric carbon atoms of the main chain having the same ice steric configuration have substantially a statistical dis tribution, and the main chain of the macromolecules, if presumed fully extended in the hypothetical plane, shows the R groups and the hydrogen atoms bound to the tertiary carbon atoms substantially in random distribution on the two sides of the plane.
  • These amorphous polymers were termed atactic polymers by Natta.
  • the two different types of polymers made up, respectively, of the sterically dilferentiated macromolecules are present in the polymerizate obtained by polymerizing the alpha-olefine with the aid of a catalyst prepared from a compound, e.g., a halide, of a transition metal of groups IV to VI of the periodic table and a metallorganic compound of a metal of the 1st to 3rd groups of the periodic table, and can be separated from the polymerizate by selective solvent extraction on the basis of their different steric configurations.
  • a catalyst prepared from a compound, e.g., a halide, of a transition metal of groups IV to VI of the periodic table and a metallorganic compound of a metal of the 1st to 3rd groups of the periodic table and can be separated from the polymerizate by selective solvent extraction on the basis of their different steric configurations.
  • the polymerization of the alpha-olefine can be oriented to the production of a polymerizate which consists predominantly to substantially of isotactic polymers, or to the production of predominantly to substantially atactic polymers.
  • the new fibers from which the hosiery of this invention is knitted are formed from polypropylene consisting prevailingly of isotactic macromolecules, as defined.
  • the fibers and yarns can be formed by meltextrusion of the polymer to form filaments, by dry-spinning a solution of the polymer into an evaporative atmosphere for the solvent or by wet-spinning the solution into a liquid setting bath which extracts the spinning solvent from the extruding stream of solution to leave the polymer in the filament form.
  • the filaments may be stretched and then knitted as mono-filament yarns to produce stockings or, more generally, are either formed into yarns of the desired denier by twisting and doubling operations as desired, which are then stretched prior to being knitted into seamless or full-fashioned hosiery, or are disrupted into staple fibers which, alone or in admixture with other fibers, are formed into spun yarns that are knitted.
  • the stretched yarns may be set or stabilized by heating them in a free-to-shrink condition or they may be knitted and then heat-stabilized in the stocking for purposes explained hereinbelow.
  • the filaments can be formed by extrusion or spinning of a mixture of isotactic polypropylene and atactic polypropylene and the atactic polymer may be allowed to remain in the formed filaments or may be removed therefrom by extraction with a solvent therefor Which leaves the isotactic polymer intact.
  • the polypropylene filaments and yarns have in combination all of the properties required for a superior hosiery and to a greater extent than filaments and yarns known heretofore. Because of the particular structure of the polypropylene comprising the filaments and yarns, in which the crystalline areas are separated by amorphous very flexible areas, the filaments and yarns have both a high tenacity and a high elongation, while the finishing processes for the hosiery, such as boarding and setting operations, favor a high crystallization of the polymer and thus increase the inherently good elastic properties of the filaments and yarns and of the hosiery knitted therefrom.
  • the elastic properties of the polypropylene yarns are superior to the elastic properties of both nylon and Dacron. This is shown by comparative tests the results of Which are shown in the diagrams given in the attached drawing, in which the elastic recovery is shown as a function of the percent elongation, that is, of the initial strain imparted to the yarn.
  • FIGURE 1 is the diagram showing the elastic recovery, at different percent elongations, for polypropylene
  • FIGURE 2 is the diagram showing theelastic recovery, at different percent elongations, for nylon.
  • FIGURE 3 is the diagram showing the elastic recovery, at different percent elongations, for Dacron.
  • FIGURE 4 shows an article of hosiery knitted from the improved yarn of my invention.
  • the horizontally hatched areas designate the percentage of instantaneous elastic recovery, the unhatched areas the percentage of delayed elastic recovery, and the vertically hatched areas the permanent strain.
  • An outstanding advantage of the polypropylene filaments and yarns in the present hosiery is the capacity thereof to absorb a very large amount of work without breaking and to return a high proportion of the work, thus minimizing the phenomenon of elastic hysteresis.
  • the following-ratio is used as an index of this last-mentioned property.
  • Lr is the elastically recovered work and Ld isthe strain Work.
  • the hosiery of the invention may be made on any tion they possess a residual shrinkage capacity due to therelease of the internal strains developed in the stretching operation- Advantage may be taken of this tendency to shrink in finishing the full-fashioned or seamless hosiery of the invention.
  • the stocking as it comes from the knitting machine may be placed over a form and heated to the required temperature (about 140 C.) dur-- ing which treatment it shrinks to fit exactly the form on which it is supported. When the stocking so shaped is cooled and removed from the form, it retains :the shape of the form, along with the high inherent resiliency and elasticity of the polypropylene filamentsor yarns, during wear and laundering.
  • Thepolypropylene hosiery is hydrophobic and has, therefore, the added advantage of rapid drying after laundering which is a present-dayrequirement for satisfactory hosiery.
  • Example Mens socks were knitted on a: circular Komet type knitter, using a polypropylene yarn having a metricaltiter of 1/ 32,000, a tenacityof 6;7 g./den., an elastic elongation of 30%, and a specific gravity of 0.9.
  • the polypropylene hosiery is not stained by the brownliquid normally dissolved out of shoe leather by perspiration, and which is absorbed by and remains permanently fixed in other stockings.
  • the polypropylene hosiery has been proved to be absolutely refractory to absorption ofthe brown color.
  • polypropylene hosiery An additional important advantage of the polypropylene hosiery is that the polymer does not decompose when exposed to chemicals and therefore does not yield decomposition products that can induce skin irritations or allergy symptoms. This is in contrast to the decomposition of nylon and other types of fibers used in making hosiery which is known to occur for instance under the influence of certain gases present in the air.
  • the hosiery of this invention can be knitted entirely of the polypropylene filaments or yarns, or from mixtures of polypropylene fibers with other kinds of fibers, e.g., natural fibers including silk, wool and cotton, fibers of other synthetic resins including nylon, Acrilan and Dacron, and artificial fibers such as regenerated cellulose and cellulose acetate fibers, the other fibers being present in the yarns in amounts from to 95% by weight, usually from 5% to 50% by weight.
  • the most desirable hosiery is definitely that which is knitted entirely from the polypropylene filaments or yarns.
  • the low density of the polypropylene filaments and yarns permits of the manufacture of articles of high covering power coupled with light weight.
  • the polypropylene hosiery may be of any of the known types, from extremely sheer to what is known in the trade as service weight and may be dyed any desired color.
  • the proportion thereof present is preferably not in excess of about 20% so that the filaments consist for at least 80% of polypropylene which is not extractable with boiling n-heptane, and the non-extractable portion of which is made up of the isotatic polypropylene.
  • the polypropylene used to produce the filaments to be knitted into hosiery as described herein has an intrinsic viscosity which may be from 0.3 to 2 or even higher.
  • hosiery comprised of knitted yarns of polypropylene having an intrinsic viscosity between about 0.3 and about 2.0 and consisting essentially of isotactic macromolecules and distinct and separable linear, regularly head-to-tail atactic macromolecules, the isotactic macromolecules constituting at least by weight of the polypropylene and the atactic macromolecules constituting up to 20% by weight of the polypropylene, said hosiery having high inherent elasticity, being resistant to staining by discoloring substances dissolved out of shoe leather by perspiration, characterized in that it does not induce skin irritations or allergy symptoms, and having longer wearing properties, under the same conditions of wear, than hosiery of like weight knitted from nylon yarns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US684079A 1956-09-27 1957-09-16 Hosiery articles knitted from polypropylene yarn Expired - Lifetime US3025689A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT878513X 1956-09-27

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3025689A (fr)
BE (1) BE561155A (fr)
FR (1) FR1183304A (fr)
GB (1) GB878513A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287938A (en) * 1963-12-06 1966-11-29 Kendall & Co Run-resistant elastic fabric
US3323190A (en) * 1963-06-12 1967-06-06 Hercules Inc Elastic polypropylene yarn and process for its preparation
US3375684A (en) * 1965-03-02 1968-04-02 Leath Mccarthy & Maynard Inc Polypropylene stretch stocking and method
US3701164A (en) * 1970-01-14 1972-10-31 Phillips Fibers Corp Panty-hose
US4098097A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-07-04 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Fabrics made from as spun untwisted yarn
US4430852A (en) * 1979-11-13 1984-02-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Polyolefin products and methods of making
US5435667A (en) * 1986-02-20 1995-07-25 Slickbar Products Corp. Protection of piles
FR3020568A1 (fr) * 2014-05-05 2015-11-06 Sigvaris Ag Procede de fabrication d'un article de contention tel qu'un bas medical de compression et article de contention obtenu selon ledit procede

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2313058A (en) * 1941-07-17 1943-03-09 Sylvania Ind Corp Textile product and method of making the same
US2615231A (en) * 1946-02-15 1952-10-28 Ici Ltd Textile product
BE538782A (fr) * 1954-06-08 1955-12-06 Procédé de polymérisation d'oléfines, polymères ainsi obtenus et leurs applications
US2777310A (en) * 1955-10-31 1957-01-15 Alamance Ind Inc Stretch yarn and fabric and method of making same
US2816883A (en) * 1951-08-02 1957-12-17 Du Pont Product and process of polymerizing ethylene
US2821457A (en) * 1958-01-28 Method of heat stabilizing polyethyl-
US2832125A (en) * 1955-04-21 1958-04-29 Kendall & Co Plated knitted garment and method of making same
US2882263A (en) * 1954-12-16 1959-04-14 Montedison Spa Process for the polymerization of certain unsaturated hydrocarbons using iron-based polymerization agents

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2821457A (en) * 1958-01-28 Method of heat stabilizing polyethyl-
US2313058A (en) * 1941-07-17 1943-03-09 Sylvania Ind Corp Textile product and method of making the same
US2615231A (en) * 1946-02-15 1952-10-28 Ici Ltd Textile product
US2816883A (en) * 1951-08-02 1957-12-17 Du Pont Product and process of polymerizing ethylene
BE538782A (fr) * 1954-06-08 1955-12-06 Procédé de polymérisation d'oléfines, polymères ainsi obtenus et leurs applications
US2882263A (en) * 1954-12-16 1959-04-14 Montedison Spa Process for the polymerization of certain unsaturated hydrocarbons using iron-based polymerization agents
US2832125A (en) * 1955-04-21 1958-04-29 Kendall & Co Plated knitted garment and method of making same
US2777310A (en) * 1955-10-31 1957-01-15 Alamance Ind Inc Stretch yarn and fabric and method of making same

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323190A (en) * 1963-06-12 1967-06-06 Hercules Inc Elastic polypropylene yarn and process for its preparation
US3287938A (en) * 1963-12-06 1966-11-29 Kendall & Co Run-resistant elastic fabric
US3375684A (en) * 1965-03-02 1968-04-02 Leath Mccarthy & Maynard Inc Polypropylene stretch stocking and method
US3701164A (en) * 1970-01-14 1972-10-31 Phillips Fibers Corp Panty-hose
US4098097A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-07-04 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Fabrics made from as spun untwisted yarn
US4430852A (en) * 1979-11-13 1984-02-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Polyolefin products and methods of making
US5435667A (en) * 1986-02-20 1995-07-25 Slickbar Products Corp. Protection of piles
FR3020568A1 (fr) * 2014-05-05 2015-11-06 Sigvaris Ag Procede de fabrication d'un article de contention tel qu'un bas medical de compression et article de contention obtenu selon ledit procede

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Publication number Publication date
BE561155A (fr) 1960-05-20
GB878513A (en) 1961-10-04
FR1183304A (fr) 1959-07-06

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