US3053703A - Producing high strengths in martensitic steels - Google Patents

Producing high strengths in martensitic steels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3053703A
US3053703A US47736A US4773660A US3053703A US 3053703 A US3053703 A US 3053703A US 47736 A US47736 A US 47736A US 4773660 A US4773660 A US 4773660A US 3053703 A US3053703 A US 3053703A
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Prior art keywords
steel
reduction
martensite
steels
strength
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US47736A
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English (en)
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Norman N Breyer
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Individual
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Priority to US47736A priority Critical patent/US3053703A/en
Priority to GB25879/61A priority patent/GB912524A/en
Priority to DE19611408968 priority patent/DE1408968A1/de
Priority to CH917761A priority patent/CH405378A/de
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Publication of US3053703A publication Critical patent/US3053703A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment

Definitions

  • FIGURE is a curve representing the improvements in yield strength that are secured in accordance with the practice of this invention.
  • the procedure for the production of a martensitic steel is followed to the point of rapidly cooling the steel to martensite formation except that instead of directly following martensite formation with a tempering operation this invention introduces a step of taking a light deformation of the steel at a temperature below 200 F. and, preferably, at ambient temperature, while the steel is still in the martensitic state. After this deformation of the preferably freshly formed martensitic steel, the steel can be used as is, or tempered.
  • the process forming the subject matter of this invention resides in the introduction of a deformation step following the step of rapidly cooling steel heated to above the transformation range for martensite formation and before tempering.
  • the strength properties of the steel increase at a significant rate in response to reductions of the martensitic steel within the range of from a fraction of a percent up to about 4% and, preferably, within the range of about 0.25-4%. Additional increase in strength properties is secured in response to reductions greater than 4%, but the rate of increase levels off considerably by comparison with the reduction in the preferred range. While the described improvements in strength properites are secured in response to reductions greater than the amount of improvement is no greater than that secured by reductions below 10% and there is a serious degrading of the ductility properties as measured by elongation and reduction of area. It becomes more desirable and practical to limit the reduction to less than 10% and preferably to within the most effective range of from O.254%, since processing difficulties at 10% result in frequent material and tooling failures.
  • the described improvements in strength properties are capable of being developed in steels capable of undergoing martensite transformation followed by rapid cooling.
  • steels include plain carbon steels, low and medium carbon steels, and alloy steels.
  • A-4340 steel can be used as representative of the steels to illustrate the practice of this invention. It will be understood that corresponding results will be secured when the same process is employed with other steels of the types described.
  • the steel was heated to a temperature of 1600 F. to ambient temperature, :with the accompanying conversion of the steel structure to martensite.
  • the bars were cooled to 160 F. to convert retained austenite to martensite.
  • the quenched steel bars were pickled and limed to clean the surface and then advanced through draw dies to subject the bars to different amounts of reduction ranging from 0.678.92%.
  • the bars were then tested for tensile strength, yield strength, reduction in area and elongation without further heat treatment or tempering, with the following results:
  • an oil quench use can be made of a Water quench, fast cooling air quench, or other quenching medium for rapid reduction of temperature of the steel from the transformation range to about ambient temperature for martensite formation.
  • the steels produced in accordance with the practice of this invention can be tempered by normal tempering techniques after reduction of the martensitic steel.
  • the described phenomena is also capable of development in other metal working processes, such as swaging, forging, peening and other processes for metal deformation when such metal working is carried out within the limits described on martensitic steels.
  • the method of producing a high strength steel comprising the steps of heating a steel capable of conversion to martensite to a temperature above its transformation temperature, quenching the steel with corresponding transformation to a steel consisting essentially of martensite, and advancing the martensitic steel through a die to effect reduction in cross-sectional area by an amount within the range of 0.25 to 10% while the steel consists essentially of martensite.
  • the method of creating high strength in a steel article comprising the steps of advancing said article while the steel consists essentially of martensite through a die to cause deformation within the range of 0.25 to 10 percent whereby the tensile and yield strengths of said article are raised without significant loss of ductility.
  • the method of producing steels of high strength comprising the steps of advancing a steel consisting essentially of martensite through a die to effect reduction in cross-sectional area by an amount within the range of 0.25 to 10% while the steel consists essentially of martensite.
  • the method of producing steels of high strength comprising the step of rolling the steel which consists essentially of martensite to effect reduction in cross-sectional area by an amount within the range of 0.25 to 10% while the steel consists essentially of martensite.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US47736A 1960-08-05 1960-08-05 Producing high strengths in martensitic steels Expired - Lifetime US3053703A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47736A US3053703A (en) 1960-08-05 1960-08-05 Producing high strengths in martensitic steels
GB25879/61A GB912524A (en) 1960-08-05 1961-07-17 Improved high strength steels and method for producing same
DE19611408968 DE1408968A1 (de) 1960-08-05 1961-08-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Staehlen hoher Festigkeit
CH917761A CH405378A (de) 1960-08-05 1961-08-04 Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Stahl hoher Festigkeit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47736A US3053703A (en) 1960-08-05 1960-08-05 Producing high strengths in martensitic steels

Publications (1)

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US3053703A true US3053703A (en) 1962-09-11

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US47736A Expired - Lifetime US3053703A (en) 1960-08-05 1960-08-05 Producing high strengths in martensitic steels

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US (1) US3053703A (de)
CH (1) CH405378A (de)
DE (1) DE1408968A1 (de)
GB (1) GB912524A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125469A (en) * 1964-03-17 Specimen
US3196053A (en) * 1962-08-13 1965-07-20 United States Steel Corp Production of heat-treated sheets
US3216868A (en) * 1961-03-06 1965-11-09 Lasalle Steel Co Elevated temperature working and heat treatment of stainless steel
US3230118A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-01-18 Screw & Bolt Corp Of America Method of developing high physical properties in ferrous material and product produced thereby
US3229492A (en) * 1965-09-02 1966-01-18 Screw & Bolt Corp Of America Method of obtaining improved machining characteristics of ferrous materials
US3235413A (en) * 1961-11-20 1966-02-15 United States Steel Corp Method of producing steel products with improved properties
US3255051A (en) * 1962-07-25 1966-06-07 Aerojet General Co Method for strengthening iron base alloys
US3340102A (en) * 1962-05-15 1967-09-05 Manlabs Inc Metal process and article
US3418178A (en) * 1965-06-23 1968-12-24 Manlabs Inc Bainitic steel of the 94xx type possessing high strength and fracture toughness
US3532560A (en) * 1963-04-18 1970-10-06 Kobe Steel Ltd Cold-working process
US11225697B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2022-01-18 Nucor Corporation Hot rolled light-gauge martensitic steel sheet and method for making the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2717846A (en) * 1952-11-26 1955-09-13 Richard F Harvey Method of surface hardening ferrous metals
US2924543A (en) * 1956-10-22 1960-02-09 Lasalle Steel Co Cold-finished steels and method for manufacturing same
US2924544A (en) * 1956-10-22 1960-02-09 Lasalle Steel Co Metallurgical process for cold-finishing steel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2717846A (en) * 1952-11-26 1955-09-13 Richard F Harvey Method of surface hardening ferrous metals
US2924543A (en) * 1956-10-22 1960-02-09 Lasalle Steel Co Cold-finished steels and method for manufacturing same
US2924544A (en) * 1956-10-22 1960-02-09 Lasalle Steel Co Metallurgical process for cold-finishing steel

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125469A (en) * 1964-03-17 Specimen
US3216868A (en) * 1961-03-06 1965-11-09 Lasalle Steel Co Elevated temperature working and heat treatment of stainless steel
US3230118A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-01-18 Screw & Bolt Corp Of America Method of developing high physical properties in ferrous material and product produced thereby
US3235413A (en) * 1961-11-20 1966-02-15 United States Steel Corp Method of producing steel products with improved properties
US3340102A (en) * 1962-05-15 1967-09-05 Manlabs Inc Metal process and article
US3255051A (en) * 1962-07-25 1966-06-07 Aerojet General Co Method for strengthening iron base alloys
US3196053A (en) * 1962-08-13 1965-07-20 United States Steel Corp Production of heat-treated sheets
US3532560A (en) * 1963-04-18 1970-10-06 Kobe Steel Ltd Cold-working process
US3418178A (en) * 1965-06-23 1968-12-24 Manlabs Inc Bainitic steel of the 94xx type possessing high strength and fracture toughness
US3229492A (en) * 1965-09-02 1966-01-18 Screw & Bolt Corp Of America Method of obtaining improved machining characteristics of ferrous materials
US11225697B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2022-01-18 Nucor Corporation Hot rolled light-gauge martensitic steel sheet and method for making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB912524A (en) 1962-12-12
CH405378A (de) 1966-01-15
DE1408968A1 (de) 1969-01-30

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