US3055755A - Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature - Google Patents

Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
US3055755A
US3055755A US120976A US12097661A US3055755A US 3055755 A US3055755 A US 3055755A US 120976 A US120976 A US 120976A US 12097661 A US12097661 A US 12097661A US 3055755 A US3055755 A US 3055755A
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United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
nickel
silicon
iron
alloys
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Expired - Lifetime
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US120976A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert D Schelleng
William K Abbott
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by International Nickel Co Inc filed Critical International Nickel Co Inc
Priority to US120976A priority Critical patent/US3055755A/en
Priority to GB23559/62A priority patent/GB971931A/en
Priority to CH771462A priority patent/CH411958A/fr
Priority to BE619592A priority patent/BE619592A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3055755A publication Critical patent/US3055755A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to austenitic ductile cast irons and, more particularly, to austenitic ductile irons having a special composition which are characterized by high impact resistance at the temperatures employed in cryogenic service.
  • Cast iron is one of the oldest commercial metals and has many practical advantages, including ready castability into intricate shapes, machinability, simple melting practice, low liquid shrink-age with high percentage yields, low density as compared to non-ferrous metals such as bronzes and economic advantages over many other ferrous and non-ferrous materials for cryogenic service.
  • the usual types of cast iron containing flake graphite have very limited ductility and impact strength even at room temperature and the use of such materials in cryogenic service is unthinkable.
  • the recent advent of ductile cast iron has made avail-able to the art a material having substantial ductility and impact strength at room temperature.
  • the ferritic types of ductile iron undergo impact transition at temperatures only slightly below room temperature with the result that such materials have severely limited application at the temperatures encountered in cryogenic service.
  • an austenitic ductile iron having a special composition has very good ductility and impact resistance at ordinary temperaures and retains its impact resistance and ductility down to temperatures of interest in cryogenic applications, i.e., temperatures as low as' about 423 F.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an austenitic ductile cast iron having improved ductility and impact resistance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide cast articles made of a special austenitic ductile cast iron which may be employed at very low temperatures as are encountered in cryogenic service.
  • the present invention contemplates austenitic ductile irons containing about 20% to about 24% nickel, about 2% to about 3% carbon, about 1% to about 3% silicon, with the sum of the carbon content plus 0.06 times the nickel content plus 0.2 times the silicon content being not more than 4.4, about 3.25% to about 5% manganese, not
  • cast irons are characterized by freedom from carbides and freedom from martensite even when cooled to temperatures as low as about 423 F. and are further characterized by weldability and good founding characteristics,
  • the nickel and manganese contents of the alloys are very important and the contents of these elements must be maintained within the foregoing ranges in order to produce the improved results found in alloys Within the invention.
  • the nickel content of the alloy must be at least about 20% because lower levels lead to austenite instability and martensite formation and must not exceed about 24% because no further gains in properties are evident.
  • the manganese content must be at least about 3.25% because lower levels lead to austenite instability and martensite formation and must not exceed about 5% because of carbide formation which causes embrittlement.
  • the alloys produced in accordance with the invention should be substantially devoid of copper, and in any event should not contain more than about 0.25% of copper as an impurity. Since the alloy contains magnesium, which is a sulfur-avid element, sulfur in the alloy is present only in limited amounts, if at all, and usually will not be present in amount exceeding 0.02%. Phosphorus, a common impurity in cast irons, should not be present in amounts exceeding about 0.10%.
  • the carbide-forming elements such as chromium, molybdenum, tungstem and vanadium should be substantially absent from the alloys as their eflFect in the alloys is undesirable.
  • these elements should not be present in the alloys in amounts exceeding a total of about 0.25
  • Other impurities such as antimony, cerium, bismuth and lead should be kept below 0.003% total and titanium preferably should be less than 0.02% as these impurities have a deleterious effect upon the spheroidal graphite structure.
  • the graphite structure in the alloys contemplated in accordance with this invention consist of spheroids.
  • the presence of chunky and flake graphite in the alloys in any quantity should be avoided as otherwise the strength, ductility and impact resistance of the alloys are all detrimentally affected.
  • the composition In order to insure the presence of spheroidal graphite structures in the alloys of the invention, the composition must be maintained within the foregoing limits to insure that the total graphitizing power of a melt from which castings are to be made is controlled such that the alloy freezes in the iron graphite system, e.g., free of carbide.
  • the alloy may be prepared in the usual melting equipment used for producing cast iron, e. g., the cupola furnace, the electric arc furnace, the induction furnace, the air furnace.
  • the ingredients required for producing the alloy are melted together, brought to proper temperature, e.g., about 2750 F. to about 2850 F., at which point the magnesium is added, e.g., as a nickel-magnesium alloy containing about 12% to about 30% magnesium with the balance essentially nickel, the melt is then inoculated with a graphitizing inoculant and metal from the melt is then cast.
  • the final graphitizing inoculation with about 0.25% to about 1% of silicon, e.g., about 0.5% silicon, is a very important step and is required in order to produce good spheroidal graphite structures.
  • ferrosilicon a commercial graphitizing alloy containing about 70% to about silicon, about 0.5 to about 1.0% calcium and the balance essentially iron, is employed for the final graphitizing addition.
  • other silicon-containing agents or alloys such as nickel-silicon alloys, or nickel silicide, calcium-silicon alloys or calcium silicide, silicon metal, and various proprietary inoculating alloys commonly used for reducing dendritidostim and reducing chill in foundry gray cast iron may be employed for this purpose.
  • the magnesium may advantageously be introduced into the melt by adding magnesium to the melt as a nickel-magnesium alloy, other well known magnesium containing addition alloys may be employed for this purpose.
  • Alloys produced in accordance with the present invention have very good properties at atmospheric temperatures and at very low temperatures, even in the ascast condition.
  • a normalizing treatment comprising heating to the temperature range of about 1600 F. to about 1900 F., e.g., 1700 F. to 1800 F., for at least about one hour per inch of section followed by air cooling.
  • the normalizing treatment retains carbon in solution in the austenite and increases the austenite stability preventing martensite formation at low temperatures.
  • the specimens employed for the foregoing impact tests measured 0.394 inch by 0.394 inch on each side, with a 45 notch 0.079 inch deep and had a radius at the bottom thereof 0.010 inch in length.
  • the foregoing data reported is an average of three tests with the exception of the first value reported for Alloy No. 1 which represents an average of six tests and of the last value reported for Alloy No. 1 which represents an average of five tests.
  • EXAMPLE II In another example, a 300 pound commercial heat of the alloy was made in an induction furnace.
  • the alloy (Alloy No. 3) contained about 21.2% nickel, about 3.75% manganese, about 2.48% carbon, about 1.75% silicon, about 0.019% phosphorus and about 0.032% magnesium.
  • a number of castings including bars about 3 inches thick were made. The castings contained good spheroidal graphite. The bars were normalized from about 1700 F. Metal from these bars was subjected to a tensile test at room temperature and to Charpy V-notch impact tests at various temperatures from room temperature down to 423 F. with the results shown in the following Tables IV and V.
  • the special austenitic ductile iron composition produced in accordance with the present invention provides very high ductility at room temperature together with high tensile strength at room temperature.
  • the alloy will exhibit a room temperature tensile elongation in the normalized condition of at least about 35%, and usually at least about 40%, together with a tensile strength of at least about 65,000 psi.
  • the alloy will have a very low nil ductility temperature which will usually be below 423 F.
  • the alloy has high impact resistance at room temperature and this high impact resistance is retained to a marked degree even at temperatures as low as 420 F.
  • the alloy is characteriZed by an impact resistance as measured by the Charpy V-notch impact test of at least about 15 foot pounds at 320 F.
  • the nickel content of the alloy is at least about 21%
  • the manganese content is at least about 3.7%
  • the carbon content is not more than about 2.6%
  • the alloy will display a Charpy V-notch impact value of at least about 20 foot pounds at 320 F. and of at least 15 foot pounds at -423 F.
  • the alloy does not exhibit thermal martensite even down to temperatures as low as -423 F.
  • metal from Alloy No. 1 was cycled between room temperature and 320 F. for 20 cycles and this treatment did not produce any martensite in the alloy.
  • the alloy produced in accordance with the present invention may be welded using any of the standard techniques employed for Welding cast iron.
  • the stickelectrode arc, oxyacetylene, inert-arc and heli-arc methods may be employed in welding the alloy.
  • An austenitic ductile iron consisting essentially of about 2% to 3% carbon, about 1% to 3% silicon, about 20% to 24% nickel, with the carbon, silicon and nickel contents being so related that the sum of the carbon content plus 0.2 times the silicon content plus 0.06 times the nickel content does not exceed 4.4, about 3.25% to 5% manganese, a small amount up to about 0.12% of magnesium effective to induce the occurrence of spheroidal graphite in the cast iron and the balance essen tially iron.
  • An austenitic ductile iron consisting essentially of about 2% to about 2.6% carbon, about 1% to about 3% silicon, about 21% to about 24% nickel, with the carbon, silicon and nickel contents being so related that the sum of the carbon content plus 0.2 times the silicon content plus 0.06 times the nickel content does not exceed 4.4, about 3.7% to about 5% manganese, a small amount up to about 0.12% magnesium effective to induce the occurrence of spheroidal graphite in cast iron and the balance essentially iron.
  • An austenitic ductile iron consisting essentially of about 20% nickel, about 3.55% manganese, about 2.61% carbon, about 2.04% silicon, about 0.07% magnesium and the balance essentially iron.
  • An austenitic ductile iron consisting essentially of about 21.2% nickel, about 3.75% manganese, about 2.48% carbon, about 1.75% silicon, about 0.032% magnesium and the balance essentially iron.
  • A11 austenitic ductile iron consisting essentially of about 21.7% nickel, about 3.86% manganese, about 2.58% carbon, about 1.9% silicon, about 0.031% magnesium and the balance essentially iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US120976A 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature Expired - Lifetime US3055755A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US120976A US3055755A (en) 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature
GB23559/62A GB971931A (en) 1961-06-30 1962-06-19 Austenitic cast iron
CH771462A CH411958A (fr) 1961-06-30 1962-06-27 Fonte de fer, procédé pour sa fabrication et utilisation de celle-ci pour le moulage d'articles et pièces soumis en service à des températures inférieures à - 18º C
BE619592A BE619592A (fr) 1961-06-30 1962-06-29 Fonte austénitique

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US120976A US3055755A (en) 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature

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BE (1) BE619592A (fr)
CH (1) CH411958A (fr)
GB (1) GB971931A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162751A (en) * 1962-09-24 1964-12-22 Robbins Lawrence Welding electrode
US3215814A (en) * 1963-05-12 1965-11-02 Air Reduction Welding of high yield strength steel
US3222161A (en) * 1963-06-10 1965-12-07 Duriron Co Vacuum treated high silicon cast iron and process for making same
US3318423A (en) * 1963-10-10 1967-05-09 Escher Wyss Ag Vehicle brake part
US4493359A (en) * 1981-07-17 1985-01-15 American Motors (Canada) Inc. Method for making cast iron engine blocks and the like
DE102004040359B4 (de) * 2004-08-20 2011-06-16 Helmut Bälz GmbH Regelarmatur
EP2865895A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2015-04-29 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Compresseur et son procédé de fabrication
EP2573199A4 (fr) * 2010-05-21 2016-05-11 Toyota Jidoshokki Kk Fonte austénitique, produit coulé de fonte austénitique et procédé de fabrication de produit coulé
US9945003B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2018-04-17 Strato, Inc. Impact resistant ductile iron castings
CN112853196A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-05-28 宁波日星铸业有限公司 一种固溶强化铁素体铸件及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2401317C1 (ru) * 2009-06-30 2010-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" ОАО НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ" Износостойкий чугун

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2842437A (en) * 1955-08-29 1958-07-08 Cie De Pont A Mousson Austenitic nodular iron

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2842437A (en) * 1955-08-29 1958-07-08 Cie De Pont A Mousson Austenitic nodular iron

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162751A (en) * 1962-09-24 1964-12-22 Robbins Lawrence Welding electrode
US3215814A (en) * 1963-05-12 1965-11-02 Air Reduction Welding of high yield strength steel
US3222161A (en) * 1963-06-10 1965-12-07 Duriron Co Vacuum treated high silicon cast iron and process for making same
US3318423A (en) * 1963-10-10 1967-05-09 Escher Wyss Ag Vehicle brake part
US4493359A (en) * 1981-07-17 1985-01-15 American Motors (Canada) Inc. Method for making cast iron engine blocks and the like
DE102004040359B4 (de) * 2004-08-20 2011-06-16 Helmut Bälz GmbH Regelarmatur
EP2865895A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2015-04-29 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Compresseur et son procédé de fabrication
EP2853746A3 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2015-04-29 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Compresseur et son procédé de fabrication
EP1998046B1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2015-09-23 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Compresseur et son procédé de fabrication
EP2573199A4 (fr) * 2010-05-21 2016-05-11 Toyota Jidoshokki Kk Fonte austénitique, produit coulé de fonte austénitique et procédé de fabrication de produit coulé
US9945003B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2018-04-17 Strato, Inc. Impact resistant ductile iron castings
CN112853196A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-05-28 宁波日星铸业有限公司 一种固溶强化铁素体铸件及其制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
BE619592A (fr) 1962-12-31
CH411958A (fr) 1966-04-30
GB971931A (en) 1964-10-07

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