US3064773A - Carrying structure - Google Patents

Carrying structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3064773A
US3064773A US750254A US75025458A US3064773A US 3064773 A US3064773 A US 3064773A US 750254 A US750254 A US 750254A US 75025458 A US75025458 A US 75025458A US 3064773 A US3064773 A US 3064773A
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Prior art keywords
building elements
elements
joint
depressions
carrying structure
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Expired - Lifetime
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US750254A
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English (en)
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Linecker Josef
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6104—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the overlapping ends of the slabs connected together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
    • E04D3/366—Connecting; Fastening by closing the space between the slabs or sheets by gutters, bulges, or bridging elements, e.g. strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D7/00—Roof covering exclusively consisting of sealing masses applied in situ; Gravelling of flat roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/02—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down
    • F16B39/04—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down with a member penetrating the screw-threaded surface of at least one part, e.g. a pin, a wedge, cotter-pin, screw
    • F16B39/06—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down with a member penetrating the screw-threaded surface of at least one part, e.g. a pin, a wedge, cotter-pin, screw with a pin or staple parallel to the bolt axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/924—Coupled nut and bolt
    • Y10S411/948—Longitudinal key

Definitions

  • a roof, floor or wall structure which uses individual elements of relatively small size and light weight, which can easily be manufactured and can be carried and assembled without difficulty, which structure has an adequate carrying capacity and forms a surface by itself so that the need for crossing systems is eliminated.
  • the invention provides a carrying structure which comprises a plurality of thin-walled sectional building elements having side walls on opposite sides and being assembled with adjacent side walls of adjacent building elements in surface contact with each other, every two such side walls in surface contact with each other comprising joint-forming portions formed, respectively, with concenttrically arranged, complementary, interlocking elevations and depressions, said structure comprising also means for forcing said adjacent side walls against each other.
  • thin-walled angled and/or arched elements of sheet metal or the like which may form lighweight beams lying one beside the other, are directly combined to form a surface-closing carrying structure, which spans the entire length and width of the area to be covered, the individual elements having at the joints prefabricated, concentrically arranged interlocking elevations and depressions and being forced together preferably by a clamping screw.
  • the individual building elements are directly connected to each other to form a surface-closing carrying structure which does not require any understructure but can directly carry the roofing or the like. This results in a considerable saving in material and weight.
  • the individual elements may be made of sheet metal, plastic or the like by machines in predetermined sizes and can easily be carried owing to their light weight.
  • the construction of the joints according to the invention is of special importance. Metal sheets or the like have previously been connected by screws, rivets or welds. Rivets and screws tend to tear out and welding on the site is diificult, particularly with sheets of light metal.
  • the forces accurring are transmitted from one element directly to the other through the sides of the interlocking elevations and depressions so that any clamping screw which is provided is not subjected to shearing stress and has only the function of forcing the elements together which are to be connected. For this reason the clamping screw may be replaced by pasting or welding the individual elements at the joints.
  • elevations or depressions may consist of closed annular grooves and beads or may only have the shape of a segment or several cu-por cap-shaped individual elevations or depressions may be arranged on one or several concentric circles. These uneven portions are usually pressed concentrically with respect to a hole for receiving .the clamping screw so that the entire cross-section of the element is deformed at this point. Depending on the material used for the building elements it is also possible to cast or injection-mould the elevations or depressions at the joints or to provide special discs formed with such uneven portions and to afrlx them in a suitable manner to the predetermined joint-forming portions of the elements.
  • building elements lying one above the other are connected by thin-walled sectional or tubular vertical and/ or diagonal struts and these struts are formed with the same elevations and depressions and are connected therewith to the joints between the building elements themselves.
  • a carrying structure having upper and lower tiers or chords is obtained, which can be assembled in a simple manner from light-weight individual elements and has nevertheless a sufficiently high carrying capacity.
  • the building elements are preferably of channel section and have depending flanges in the upper chord and upstanding flanges in the lower chord, the joint-forming portions being suitably provided only in the flanges.
  • the downwardly open upper chord element has in this case the advantage that the compressive forces and the tensile stresses resulting from the bending of the individual element decrease in the depending flanges and in the case of an equal distribution of the load will always have the same relation to each other. stressed in tension where a flat underside is provided.
  • the webs of the channel-seotion building elements afford the wide bearing surface desired.
  • the channel-section which can easily be obtained, e.g., by fianging. does not only provide for a sufficient structural rigidity of the building elements but enables also the direct connection of the individual building elements to each other and the connection of the struts between the upper and lower chords to the flanges without additional means.
  • the flanges of the channel-section building elements may be trapezoidal in shape, one joint being provided at the shorter end of the trapezoid and two joints being provided at the longer one. In this case the need for separate vertical and diagonal struts is eliminated.
  • a construction of particularly low height will be achieved if an open-topped lower chord element and an open-bottomed upper chord are directly connected laterally at their flanges. It is understood that struts for stiffening may be inserted between the directly connected upper and lower chord elements.
  • building elements having the shape of angled or arched troughs arranged to face alternately upwardly and downwardly with their open side may also be directly interconnected.
  • the upper and lower chords of the carrying structure consist of building elements having in cross-section the The same applies to the lower chord shape of a V or W the chords may be connected by struts extending along three-dimensional diagonals.
  • building elements consisting of at least two directly connected channel-sections This crosssectional shape is particularly suitable for building elements intend-ed for the construction of hollow walls. Panellike, preferably arched building elements angled on all sides may be provided, having joint-forming por- 'tions on all side walls.
  • These building elements may be assembled, e.g., like a checkerboard to form an arch or dome and transmit forces in two or more directions. Independently of the form of the building elements the same may be provided with stiffening beads or ribs.
  • cambered discs are provided for transmitting the clamping pressure from the clamping screws to the building elements. Owing to their camber these discs are sufiiciently rigid in spite of their relatively thin crosssection. These cambered discs have preferably fiat annular portions at the centre and at the rim and are slightly concavely drawn in next tothe central annular portion.
  • the two annular portions ensure a snug engagement of the nut in the head of the clamping Screw, on one side, and of the building element on the other side of the disc, whereas the concave portion provides for an additional increase in rigidity and prevents the disc from being flattened under strong clamping pressure.
  • the nuts of the clamping screws must be locked against rotation, i.e., against unintended loosening, after they have been tightened.
  • the known lock washers are hardly suitable for this purpose because they require a complicated manipulation on the site.
  • the nut of the clamping screw is held against rotation by a stud which is contained in a bore recessed partly in the bolt and partly in the nut and extending parallel to the axis of the bolt.
  • the nut and bolt may be inherently formed with the recesses forming this bore. In that case it is sufiicient on the site to move the nut to a position in which the two recesses register and then to insert the stud.
  • the shearing of the stud would have to be elfected over a very large cross-section.
  • two or more such bores parallel to the axis are provided and the locking stud is preferably bent in the shape of a U to form a staple, which can be inserted into two bores at the same time as a double lock.
  • the locking stud is prevented from falling out of the bore by an outwardly directed oblique enlargement of the bore adjacent to the bearing surface of the nut and the end of the locking stud is tapered in the form of a wedge.
  • transversely extending bracing ropes are suitably provided at the joints between the building elements and spacers may be inserted, if desired, between the angled flanges of the building elements so that the flanges cannot bend together when the ropes are strained.
  • the bracing ropes may be passed through bores in the clamping screws or the clamping screws may be eliminated and the bracing ropes together with tubular spacers may be used for pressing the building elements together at the joints.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a joint between two building elements.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively, are enlarged sectional and top plan views showing a locking means for the clamping screw.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a carrying structure.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively, are fragmentary longitudinal sectional and reduced top plan views showing a por tion of this carrying structure.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another construc tion of a building element.
  • FIG. 9 is also a perspective view showing the assern bly of trough-shaped building elements. 7
  • FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view showing the connection of trough-shaped building elements to form a-catrying structure.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the endof a tubular strut.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagrammaticview showing the connection of building elements consisting of double channel-sec tions.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of. a carrying structure consisting of cambered panel-shaped building elements angled on all sides. a
  • each the same are provided at the joint-forming portion with impressed or struck-out formations 4, 5 substantially of wave-shaped cross-section, which are concentric with a bore 3 and interengage, only the tapered surfaces being in firm contact.
  • impressed or struck-out formations 4, 5 substantially of wave-shaped cross-section, which are concentric with a bore 3 and interengage, only the tapered surfaces being in firm contact.
  • any tensile or compressive forces acting in the sheet metal plane may be directly transmitted from sheet to sheet through the sides of the elevations or depressions.
  • a clampingscrew 6 is provided at each joint. This screw extends through the bore 3 and has a head 7 and a nut 8.
  • the clamping pressure is transmitted from the clamping screw to the superimposed sheets 1, 2 by means of cambered discs 9, 10, which have fiat annular portions at the centre and rim and are slightly concavely drawn in next to the central annular portion.
  • the disc 10 differs in form from the disc Q'inasmuch as it conforms more closely to the sides of the impressed or struck-out formations. It is also possible, however, to use discs such as 9 on both sides.
  • additional washers 11 conforming to the elevations or depressions may be used, which may be provided only on one side, as is shown, or on both sides.
  • additional washers 11 conforming to the elevations or depressions may be used, which may be provided only on one side, as is shown, or on both sides.
  • Several superimposed sheets or other building elements may be connected in the same manner. If one clamping screw is not sufficient, two or'more such screws may be provided within the concentric rings formed by the elevations or depressions. Sealing or corrosion-preventing means or the like may be introduced into the hollow spaces between the sheets 1 and 2.
  • bores 12 extending parallel to the axis of the bolt and recessed partly in the bolt and partly in the nut are provided and studs consisting of the limbs of a U-shaped locking staple 13 are inserted into two diametrically opposite bores.
  • the bores Adjacent to the bearing surface of the nut the bores have outwardly extending oblique enlargements and the ends of the staple are tapered in the form of a wedge so that the latter are outwardly deflected when the staple is being driven.
  • the staple is prevented from falling out. Strong tension on the staple will cause the deformed ends to be bent inwardly so that the staple 13 can be removed with pliers or the like.
  • building elements 14 consist suitably of sheet metal and are of channel-section. They are interconnected in the longitudinal and transverse directions and the elements having depending flanges form the upper chord whereas the elements having upstanding flanges form the lower chord of a surface-closing carrying structure.
  • the upper and lower chords are connected by channel-section vertical struts l and by diagonal struts 16 consisting of plain metal strips.
  • ese struts 15, 16 have similar elevations and depressions as and are connected to the joint-forming ortions of the flan es of the buildin elements 14.
  • the carrying structure consists actually only of directly interconnected individual beams, which lie one beside the other and each of which is very light weight.
  • the building elements 14 and the struts l5 and 16 may be prefabricated with sufi'icient precision to form light and handy individual parts and can be assembled in a simple manner on the site to form the entire carrying structure, because it is sufiicient to insert the clamping screw with the washers and to tighten the screw.
  • each of these elements is reduced in width ant height by the thickness of the material at one end.
  • a transverse stiffening adjacent to the joint can be obtained by bending the transverse edge 17.
  • the building elements as such are stiflened by forming them with beads 13.
  • the stiffness may also be increased by cambering the Web between the flanges Besides, it is favourable to form the building elements 14 initially only with obliquely angled flanges; to obtain a cross-section having an approximately trapezoidal outline, and to set the flanges at right angles on the site. This will facilitate the carrying of the elements in a nested arrangement.
  • the flanges of the building elements 19 may be trapezoidally shaped, having one joint forming portion at the shorter side of the trapezoid and two such portions at the longer side.
  • the flanges of the building elements 19 may be trapezoidally shaped, having one joint forming portion at the shorter side of the trapezoid and two such portions at the longer side.
  • PEG. 8 shows a carrying structure having a particularly low overall height.
  • An open-bottomed upper chord element 2t) and an open-topped lower chord element 21 are directly interconnected laterally at their flanges.
  • Building elements 22 in the shape of angled troughs may be similarly connected as is shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. shows a carrying structure the upper and lower chords of which consist of building elements 22 of V-shaped cross-section interconnected by struts 23 extending along three-dimensional diagonals. These struts 23 do not extend in the plane of the drawings but are inclined relative to it. In this case there is no need for vertical struts. It is obvious that the V-shaped building elements could be replaced by elements of W -shaped cross-section.
  • tubular elements 24 may be used as struts and be connected in the same manner to the other building elements. It is sufficient to pinch the tube ends and to provide the appropriate elevations and depressions on these flattened ends.
  • FIG. 12 shows building elements 25, which have the cross-sectional shape of two direct channel-sections. These building elements are connected as shown and form a carrying structure which is also suitable as a hollow wall.
  • cambered panel-shaped building elements 25 angled on all sides are provided, which have joint-forming portions on all side walls. These building elements are assembled in a checkerboard pattern to form a dome or arch. They may be connected by struts to a lower chord of similar construction and such a carrying structure can transmit forces in at least two directions. It is obvious that the building elements 26 need not be quadrangular but may be triangular or polygonal.
  • a load carrying structure comprising in combination,
  • said sheet members each having two faces and the joint forming portion of each sheet member being formed with a plurality of concentric annular projections on one face thereof, said projections defining an annular depression therebetween, and a plurality of annular depressions on the other face, said plurality of depressions respectively corresponding to said plurality of projections and defining an annular projection therebetween corresponding to the depression on said one face;
  • said disc member and said other joint forming portion constitute a pair of cooperating elements
  • said clamping screw means includes an elongated screw member
  • said pressure means includes a head on said screw member engaging one of said elements, and a nut member threadedly movable on said screw member and engaging the other one of said elements.
  • said pressure means further includes locking means for locking said nut member against threaded movement on said screw member.
  • said joint forming portions are formed with respective central bores therethrough
  • said fastening means include a screw member having a head and passing through said bores, and a nut member threadedly engaging said screw member, said head and said nut member respectively spacedly facing the faces of said joint forming portions remote from the other joint forming portion, and two carnbered disc members each having an apertured central portion receiving said screw member and a rim portion,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
US750254A 1957-06-26 1958-07-22 Carrying structure Expired - Lifetime US3064773A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT418057A AT219253B (de) 1957-06-26 1957-06-26 Dach- oder Deckenkonstruktion

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US3064773A true US3064773A (en) 1962-11-20

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AT (1) AT219253B (de)
DE (1) DE1206138B (de)
FR (1) FR1238724A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511265A (en) * 1967-07-25 1970-05-12 Lau Inc Float valve assembly
US4645394A (en) * 1983-09-09 1987-02-24 Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company Fastener apparatus
US4648768A (en) * 1984-05-15 1987-03-10 Hambric James C Locknut assembly for high-speed rotary components
US20080213033A1 (en) * 2003-02-07 2008-09-04 Peter Schramm Receiving Element
US20130042568A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 King Solomon Creative Enterprises Corp. Wide span static structure
US11339562B2 (en) * 2017-02-20 2022-05-24 Bernd Heidenreich Area-covering structure module

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4686808A (en) * 1983-03-14 1987-08-18 John D. Gray Roofing system, method and holddown apparatus

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US157636A (en) * 1874-12-08 Improvement in nut-locks
US789107A (en) * 1904-12-01 1905-05-02 Ben Steele Weigher Mfg Company Means for uniting sheet-metal parts.
US864605A (en) * 1906-07-02 1907-08-27 Henry Richard Brain Means for covering manholes.
US1364298A (en) * 1919-03-28 1921-01-04 William F Nies Nut-lock
US2114289A (en) * 1935-11-02 1938-04-19 Nicholas A Draim Low drag, corrosion resisting connection and method of forming same
US2152189A (en) * 1936-04-23 1939-03-28 William P Witherow Steel construction
US2727286A (en) * 1951-05-24 1955-12-20 Moorek Ind Inc Integral joint structure

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE451763C (de) * 1927-11-01 Louis Renault Bodenbelag
FR21763E (fr) * 1919-10-14 1921-03-29 Louis Perbal & Cie Soc Mode d'assemblage des troncons de pylones de grues et de sapines en treillis métalliques
DE949193C (de) * 1940-10-16 1956-09-13 Kurt Prange Dr Starrer Blech- bzw. Profiltraeger fuer Decken u. dgl.
DE813221C (de) * 1949-12-01 1951-09-10 Willy Dipl-Ing Rieger Plattenverbindung
US2681715A (en) * 1950-07-07 1954-06-22 Gen Am Transport Clamp
DE874655C (de) * 1951-06-22 1953-04-27 Curt Dr-Ing Siegel Tragwerk fuer Daecher, Decken od. dgl.
FR65480E (fr) * 1953-11-13 1956-02-21 Construction par colonnes de sable
DE960501C (de) * 1955-02-11 1957-03-21 Hermann Kucher Hohl-Bauelement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US157636A (en) * 1874-12-08 Improvement in nut-locks
US789107A (en) * 1904-12-01 1905-05-02 Ben Steele Weigher Mfg Company Means for uniting sheet-metal parts.
US864605A (en) * 1906-07-02 1907-08-27 Henry Richard Brain Means for covering manholes.
US1364298A (en) * 1919-03-28 1921-01-04 William F Nies Nut-lock
US2114289A (en) * 1935-11-02 1938-04-19 Nicholas A Draim Low drag, corrosion resisting connection and method of forming same
US2152189A (en) * 1936-04-23 1939-03-28 William P Witherow Steel construction
US2727286A (en) * 1951-05-24 1955-12-20 Moorek Ind Inc Integral joint structure

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511265A (en) * 1967-07-25 1970-05-12 Lau Inc Float valve assembly
US4645394A (en) * 1983-09-09 1987-02-24 Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company Fastener apparatus
US4648768A (en) * 1984-05-15 1987-03-10 Hambric James C Locknut assembly for high-speed rotary components
US20080213033A1 (en) * 2003-02-07 2008-09-04 Peter Schramm Receiving Element
US7553117B2 (en) * 2003-02-07 2009-06-30 Friatec Aktiengesellschaft Receiving element
US20130042568A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 King Solomon Creative Enterprises Corp. Wide span static structure
US9273458B2 (en) * 2011-08-18 2016-03-01 King Solomon Creative Enterprises Corp. Wide span static structure
US11339562B2 (en) * 2017-02-20 2022-05-24 Bernd Heidenreich Area-covering structure module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT219253B (de) 1962-01-25
DE1206138B (de) 1965-12-02
FR1238724A (fr) 1960-12-02

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