US3065071A - Ferromagnetic material - Google Patents

Ferromagnetic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3065071A
US3065071A US99296A US9929661A US3065071A US 3065071 A US3065071 A US 3065071A US 99296 A US99296 A US 99296A US 9929661 A US9929661 A US 9929661A US 3065071 A US3065071 A US 3065071A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
composition
magnetization
oersteds
coercive force
atomic
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US99296A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jack H Wernick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US99296A priority Critical patent/US3065071A/en
Priority to BE612273A priority patent/BE612273A/fr
Priority to GB11568/62A priority patent/GB995000A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3065071A publication Critical patent/US3065071A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0306—Metals or alloys, e.g. LAVES phase alloys of the MgCu2-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new ferromagnetic composition.
  • This composition essentially the ternary compound, MnAlGe, is especially effective for use in permanent magnets.
  • MnAlGe provides unexpected and significant magnetic properties. Specifically, this material exhibits a high degree of crystalline anisotropy, a high coercive force and an impressive saturation moment. Such properties are especially suitable for a permanent magnet material.
  • Crystals of MnAlGe easily obtainable from a stoichiometric melt, have a tetragonal structure belonging to the space group D -P i/nmm.
  • the easy magnetization axis is the c-axis.
  • Lumps of each constituent approximately 4" in size were mixed in the following proportions: 18.31 gms. Mn, 8.993 grns. Al and 24.20 gms. Ge and were placed in a quartz crucible and heated in an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace to approximately 1200 C. The melt was allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting ingot was a single phase ternary compound showing the crystal habit referred to above. The melting point of the compound was approximately 800 C. It was found that the crystal form and resulting composition were essentially unaffected by the cooling rate. Quenching the melt in water produced essentially the same crystal habit.
  • the ingot obtained was then milled in a ball mill to an average particle size of approximately 400 microns. These particles were dropped into a quarter inch capsule containing molten parafiin and were then ferromagnetio ally aligned with a field of 3,000 gauss. The capsule was allowed to cool until the paraffin solidified and the coercive force of the resulting sample was measured. The particles were found aligned in the field and the easy axis of magnetization (the c-axis) was parallel to the field direction. The observed coercive force was 2,200
  • the anisotropy constant was calculated from an extrapelation of the data appearing in the figure.
  • the figure is a pint the magnetization in gauss per gram vs. H, the applied field in oersteds.
  • curveA shows the magnetization curve for a single crystal with the field H along the c-axis, the easy direction of magnetization.
  • Curve B shows the magnetization curve for the crystal aligned with the field H perpendicular to the easy direction.
  • the anisotropy constant is calculated using the formula:
  • H is the anisotropy field (oersteds)
  • M is the saturation moment
  • K is the first anisotropy constant in ergs/cm.
  • B-H is the saturation magnetization in the easy direction.
  • MnAlGe Various modifications in the molecular composition MnAlGe can be tolerated Without a significant departure in useful magneto properties of the material.
  • a 10 atomic ercent deficiency in manganese was found to produce only a 5% reduction in saturation magnetization and, assuming a nearly linear function, a 20% variation in atomic proportion of Mn results in a 10% reduction in saturation magnetization.
  • Excessess in manganese were found to exhibit a similiar effect. Varations in atomic per centages of aluminum and germanium produced essentially the same departures in optimum magnetic properties as those observed with modifications in manganese content.
  • composition which includes such variations in composition and still affords substantial magnetic properties.
  • Departures from the basic ternary composition result in excessive deficiencies in magnetic properties when they exceed the following limits:
  • the representations Mn AL Ge designates a composition having the given atomic propertions of each constituent and not a molecule deficient in atoms. Based on weight percentage composition of each constituent in the above ranges of atomic proportions, the composition is expressed as:
  • a ferromagnetic composition consisting essentially of a mutual solid solution having atomic proportions indicated by the formula:
  • a ferromagnetic composition consisting essentially of by Weight:
  • a ferromagnetic composition consisting essentially of by Weight:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
US99296A 1961-03-29 1961-03-29 Ferromagnetic material Expired - Lifetime US3065071A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99296A US3065071A (en) 1961-03-29 1961-03-29 Ferromagnetic material
BE612273A BE612273A (fr) 1961-03-29 1962-01-04 Nouvelle composition ferromagnétique.
GB11568/62A GB995000A (en) 1961-03-29 1962-03-27 Ferromagnetic compositions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99296A US3065071A (en) 1961-03-29 1961-03-29 Ferromagnetic material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3065071A true US3065071A (en) 1962-11-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US99296A Expired - Lifetime US3065071A (en) 1961-03-29 1961-03-29 Ferromagnetic material

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3065071A (fr)
BE (1) BE612273A (fr)
GB (1) GB995000A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279914A (en) * 1965-06-08 1966-10-18 Du Pont Magnetic alloys of manganese, germanium and either or both of palladium and rhodium
US3676867A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc USE OF MnAlGe IN MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICES
US3770395A (en) * 1972-09-15 1973-11-06 Ibm Ferromagnetic material
US3850690A (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-11-26 Ibm METHOD OF MAKING MnGaGe FILMS

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2844737A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-07-22 Rca Corp Semi-conductive materials

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2844737A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-07-22 Rca Corp Semi-conductive materials

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279914A (en) * 1965-06-08 1966-10-18 Du Pont Magnetic alloys of manganese, germanium and either or both of palladium and rhodium
US3676867A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc USE OF MnAlGe IN MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICES
JPS5515798B1 (fr) * 1970-12-07 1980-04-25
US3770395A (en) * 1972-09-15 1973-11-06 Ibm Ferromagnetic material
US3850690A (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-11-26 Ibm METHOD OF MAKING MnGaGe FILMS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB995000A (en) 1965-06-10
BE612273A (fr) 1962-05-02

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