US3107212A - Method and apparatus for baking and preheating bottoms of electrolytic cells by meansof alternating or direct current - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for baking and preheating bottoms of electrolytic cells by meansof alternating or direct current Download PDF

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Publication number
US3107212A
US3107212A US119465A US11946561A US3107212A US 3107212 A US3107212 A US 3107212A US 119465 A US119465 A US 119465A US 11946561 A US11946561 A US 11946561A US 3107212 A US3107212 A US 3107212A
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baking
preheating
bottoms
alternating
electrolytic cells
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US119465A
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English (en)
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Landucci Gualtiero
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Montedison SpA
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Montedison SpA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for baking and preheating the bottoms of electrolytic cells by means of alternating or direct electric current, and more particularly to such a method and means for carrying it out without afiecting the anode of the electrolytic cells.
  • the anode is not afiected by the baking operation, and therefore the process may be carried out without the anode being present.
  • the cathodic bottom is coated with a layer of thermal insulation formed of a carbonaceous powder.
  • this carbonaceous powder may be laid on the bottom of the cell, upon an interposed layer of electrical insulation material.
  • the anode contributes to the thermal insulation, and itself undergoes a preheating, useful in the electrolytic process to follow.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and in plan view a first embodiment of the invention as employed for vats with an oval base section and having cathodes arranged on the round ends thereof as well as along the longitudinal sides;
  • FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the invention as employed for vats with a rectangular base section and having cathodes arranged on the longitudinal sides only.
  • the present invention is applicable not only to S'c'derberg-type electrodes, but also to pre-baked electrodes.
  • a Sdderberg electrode is one in which one large electrode is located in each pot, and the electrode is formed in place and is baked by heat from the pot as the electrode gradually descends into the pot.
  • the paste charged into the top of the Stiderberg-type electrode is a carbon-pitch mixture similar to that used for a pre-baked electrode, but with a somewhat larger proportion of pitch.
  • pre-baked electrodes ground coke is mixed hot with enough coal-tar pitch to bond it into a solid block when it is pressed in a mold to form a green electrode.
  • This green electrode is then baked slowly at temperatures rising to a maximum of about 1100l300 C. (2012-2372 F.), and cooled slowly, all out of contact with the air.
  • a steel stub is ordinarily embodied by casting molten iron around it; the conducting bar is then bolted to this stub.
  • a vat 11 having an oval base section is provided with a plurality of cathode terminals 12, 13 around the rounded sides thereof and cathode terminals 14, 15 along the longitudinal side.
  • the plus and minus signs in each of the figures indicate the positive and negative electrical connections, respectively, when the baking is done by means of direct current. Analogous connections may also be made during baking with alternating current. It is to be understood that the described baking operation is carried out when the'cathodes are not yet connected with the normal feeding circuit of the electrolytic furnace. In other words, the electric current used for the baking operation of the present invention is completely distinct from the electrolytic operation itself.
  • the cathode terminals 12 are connected to a negative terminal of a direct-current source, while the cathode terminals 13 are connected to a positive terminal of the same source.
  • the terminals 14 are connected to other portions of the cathode from a negative terminal of a direct-current source of electricity, and terminals 15 of the cathode are connected to a positive connection of the terminals.
  • the cathodes are arranged along the longitudinal sides as Well as on'the round sides of the oval.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an arrangement of cathodes on the longitudinal sides only of a vat having a rectangular base section.
  • the terminals 16 and 17 of the cathodes are connected to the negative terminal of a source of direct current, and the terminals 18, 19 are connected to the positive terminal of the direct-current source.
  • analogous connections may also be made in the case of baking by means of alternating current.
  • the bottoms of the cells may be either previously baked (namely the bottom unit, comprising prebaked blocks, may be baked prior to the starting of the furnace; in this case the joints between the blocks are of untamped anthracitous mass and the iron cathode is fixed to the carbonaceous block by a layer of anthracitous mass, see Example I); or they may not have already been baked previously and then baking is not necessary since in that case the fastening between iron cathode and carbonaceous block (block of prebaked carbon).
  • the vats are then electrically connected with the transformer circuit.
  • the connection of this preheating operation is effected with the furnaces in series with each other in the same manner as for thebaking operation,
  • TYPICAL INDICATIVE DATA (NOT LHIITIN G) Energy consumption per bottom kwh l,500-3,000
  • the operation according to the invention may also be continued until temperatures are attained in the range of 400-500 C. at the surface of the cathode sole, of course with a corresponding longer period of time for the duration of the preheating step.
  • the baking and preheating operations may be carried out completely independent of the anode construction.
  • the present invention further affords the possibility of carrying out the baking or preheating operations of the cell bottoms by means of alternating current, and not only by direct current.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
US119465A 1960-06-28 1961-06-26 Method and apparatus for baking and preheating bottoms of electrolytic cells by meansof alternating or direct current Expired - Lifetime US3107212A (en)

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IT1141160 1960-06-28

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US3107212A true US3107212A (en) 1963-10-15

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US (1) US3107212A (fr)
CH (1) CH373567A (fr)
DE (1) DE1181930B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3293406A (en) * 1964-12-14 1966-12-20 Aluminium Lab Ltd Method and apparatus for baking carbonaceous linings
RU2215825C2 (ru) * 2001-09-17 2003-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Объединенная компания "Сибирский Алюминий" Способ обжига подины алюминиевого электролизера с обожженными анодами
RU2284374C2 (ru) * 2004-01-05 2006-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Сибирский научно-исследовательский, конструкторский и проектный институт алюминиевой и электродной промышленности" (ОАО "СибВАМИ") Способ газопламенного обжига подины алюминиевого электролизера

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2378142A (en) * 1943-08-23 1945-06-12 Pour I Ind De I Aluminum Sa Method for making furnaces for the electrolytic production of aluminum
US2728109A (en) * 1952-06-06 1955-12-27 Savoie Electrodes Refract Method of making cathodic electrodes for electrolysis furnaces
US2874103A (en) * 1957-02-26 1959-02-17 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for replacing the pot of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2378142A (en) * 1943-08-23 1945-06-12 Pour I Ind De I Aluminum Sa Method for making furnaces for the electrolytic production of aluminum
US2728109A (en) * 1952-06-06 1955-12-27 Savoie Electrodes Refract Method of making cathodic electrodes for electrolysis furnaces
US2874103A (en) * 1957-02-26 1959-02-17 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for replacing the pot of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3293406A (en) * 1964-12-14 1966-12-20 Aluminium Lab Ltd Method and apparatus for baking carbonaceous linings
RU2215825C2 (ru) * 2001-09-17 2003-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Объединенная компания "Сибирский Алюминий" Способ обжига подины алюминиевого электролизера с обожженными анодами
RU2284374C2 (ru) * 2004-01-05 2006-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Сибирский научно-исследовательский, конструкторский и проектный институт алюминиевой и электродной промышленности" (ОАО "СибВАМИ") Способ газопламенного обжига подины алюминиевого электролизера

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Publication number Publication date
CH373567A (fr) 1963-11-30
DE1181930B (de) 1964-11-19

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