US3110981A - Highway maintenance of elevated structures - Google Patents

Highway maintenance of elevated structures Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3110981A
US3110981A US59611A US5961160A US3110981A US 3110981 A US3110981 A US 3110981A US 59611 A US59611 A US 59611A US 5961160 A US5961160 A US 5961160A US 3110981 A US3110981 A US 3110981A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
concrete
deck
elevated structure
bridge
underside
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US59611A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Larner Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
Allied Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allied Chemical Corp filed Critical Allied Chemical Corp
Priority to US59611A priority Critical patent/US3110981A/en
Priority to GB31134/61A priority patent/GB919247A/en
Priority to CH1087761A priority patent/CH405386A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3110981A publication Critical patent/US3110981A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings

Definitions

  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for retardation of ice formation on the upper surface of a concrete deck of an elevated structure surfaced with either concrete or a bituminous layer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for the obtainment of frost conditions on the upper surface of a concrete deck of a bridge surfaced with either concrete or a bituminous layer, similar to the road leading to the bridge.
  • a further object is to provide a method for materially reducing spall-ing of the concrete deck of an elevated structure.
  • a still further object is to provide a method of reducing spa'lling and improving readability of the concrete deck of an elevated structure with a relatively small amount of weight added to the elevated structure.
  • Another object is to provide an efficient, economical method of reducing spalling and improving readability of a concrete deck of an elevated structure.
  • a further object is to provide an improved elevated structure with a concrete deck having reduced tendency to spalling of the concrete and better roadability.
  • spalling of the surface of a concrete deck of an elevated structure and retardation of ice formation on the upper surface may be materially reduced, ice formation on the upper surface of the deck retarded with frost conditions on the upper surface of the deck similar to the road approaches leading to the deck, by the application of a layer of about /2 inch to 3 inches thick, preferably about to 1 /2 inches thick, of cellular plastic material, preferably having closed cells and having a density of about 1 to 8 pounds, preferably about 1 /2 to 5 pounds, per cubic foot bonded to the underside of the concrete surface of the elevated structure.
  • the eifect of reduced spalling and improved roadability by the bonding of a layer of cellular plastic material to the underside of the concrete surface is surprising and unexpected because the upper surface of the deck remains exposed to the elements as before and the lower surface, save for the interposition of the bonded cellular layer, remains exposed to the elements.
  • the accompanying drawing diagrammatically illustrates a section of an elevated structure having a concrete deck to which is bonded on its underside a layer of cellular plastic material.
  • the deck designated by numeral 1
  • the deck is a reinforced concrete deck about 9 inches thick.
  • the substantially horizontal concrete deck 1 exposed to the atmosphere is supported by the usual supporting members as illustrated by steel support girders 3 and 4.
  • Typical bridge structures for which this development is considered particularly applicable are as. follows: the span to be covered may be only 50 feet where the bridge crosses a small stream, a singleor double-lane highway or a railroad track. It may, on the other hand, he 1 to 1 /2 miles in length where the bridge crosses a large body of water, where the roadway is elevated over marshy or low-lying areas of the country or where it passes over built-up areas of cities or villages.
  • the structures may be supported by concrete piers or steel columns.
  • the bridge decks are usually supported by fabricated longitudinal l-beams, channels or prestressed concrete beams.
  • the bridge decks are of poured concrete type with typical reinforcing bars; the thicknesses may vary from 3 to 12 inches, depending upon span, weight to be carried and other factors, and are most generally from 6 to 9 inches.
  • large over-water spans involve a somewhat different type of supporting structure and are usually of the suspension type; the bridge decks, however, are of the same type construction as described above.
  • the heights of the bridges are usually det rminecl by the purpose for which they are installed. For overpass of a highway the height is generally 12 to 16 feet; for
  • the overhead structures to which the present invention applies haveconcrete decks exposed on their top and bottom sides to the elements.
  • the bridge decks have been surfaced with a bituminous upper layer in an effort to reduce spalling and improve road conditions.
  • the present invention is also applicable to decks which are constructed of concrete with an overlaying bituminous layer and the application of a cellular plastic material to the underside of such decks improves readability and reduces spalling of the concrete.
  • Examples of cellular plastic suitable for application in the present invention are foam from polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyvinylohloride, phenolics, polyethylene or the like, which materials are well known in the art.
  • the layer of cellular plastic material may be applied in two manners. In one instance, preformed slabs of 'cellular plastic material of about /2 to 3 inches thick (preferably about /4 to 1 /2 inches thick) and having densities of about 1 to 8 pounds (prefer-ably 1 /2 to pounds) per cubic feet, are bonded to the under sides of the bridge decks by means of conventional adhesives of the clastorneric or polymeric type depending upon the specific foam to be used.
  • the cellular plastic material be bonded to the underside of the concrete deck and securing the slabs by mechanical means such as clamps or the like are not satisfactory and should not be employed.
  • the cellular plastic is applied to the underside of the concrete deck by spraying liquid reactants which upon striking the concrete underside form a urethane foam which adheres to the concrete surface sprayed without the'use of adhesives. This adhesive bond is generally stronger than the foam itself.
  • urethane foam by spraying is well known in the art involving spraying, by means or" the spray gun, an isocyanate and an organic compound having a reactive hydrogen such as a polyester or a polyether which reacts with the isocyanate and in the presence of a blowing agent such as water or an aliphatic fluorine hydrocarbon designated in the art as Genetron form a cellular foam.
  • a blowing agent such as water or an aliphatic fluorine hydrocarbon designated in the art as Genetron form a cellular foam.
  • the production of urethane foam is known in the art and needsno extended discussion herein.
  • An important consideration in the use of the cellular plastic material in accordance with the present invention is its light weight. Bridges we designed to bear certain loads and the addition of a material amount of added weight on these structures would obviously be detrimental.
  • Plaskon polyester FIFE-143 is a polyester made from adipic acid, trimethylol propane and the diarnine reaction product of an amine with ethylene oxide and is obtainable from the Plastics and Coal Chemicals Division of Allied Chemical Corporation.
  • Celluflex CEF tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate
  • Emulphor EL-719 is a polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, a non-ionic emulsifier, product of Antara Division, General Aniline & Film Corporation.
  • Nacconate NEED-HM is a modified toluene diisocyanate obtainable from National Aniline Division of Allied Chemical Corporation.
  • the foam was sprayed on the underside of the bridge deck utilizing an internal mixing spray gun.
  • the spraying equipment was mounted on a 3-axle (GMC) truck chassis equipped with a flat body on which was mounted a conventional gasoline air-compressor (having a capacity in excess of 100 cubic feet of free air at 100 pounds pressure per minute), a gasoline-operated electric power generator, and a Gar-Wood telescopic platform from which the spraying was accomplished by the operator.
  • GMC 3-axle
  • Another small portion of the bridge was covered by bonding slabs of urethane foam sheets about 1 inch thick.
  • the bonding material employed was Bondrnaster DL-23A, a neoprene base adhesive, available from Rubber and Asbestos Corporation.
  • Examples of organic diisoeyanatc that can be used instead of the tolylene diisocyanate are 3,3'-bitolylene 4,4- diisocyanate, diphenyl methane 4,4-diisocyanate, mphenylenediisocyanate, l,4-cyclohexylenediisocyanate and l,5-naphthylenediisocyanate.
  • Examples of the polyesters that can be employed are the pol alkylene-ether glycols having molecular wcights of at least 750 and which may be as high as about 10,000, e.g. polytetramethylencether glycol, polytrirnethyleneether glycol and polyethylenemethyleneether glycol.
  • emulsifying agents examples include those marketed under the trademark name Tween 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalrnitate), Triton N-lOO (Rohm & Haas Co.), and Witco 7786 (Witco Chemical Co).
  • a second dual bridge structure havingv three steelsupported spans from 52 to 73 feet wide crossing a 78- foot road right-of way and, in part, a single-track railroad was sprayed on its underside with approximately 1 inch of polyurethane foam having a density of about 4 pounds per cubic foot in the same manner as described above.
  • the bridge deck has a 2 /2 inch bituminous concrete binder and top course over the concrete base of approximately 7 inches.
  • An elevated structure carrying Vehicular trafiic having a concrete deck with the upper road surface of said elevated structure and the underside of said elevated structure exposed to the elements, the improvement which comprises a layer of about /2 inch to 3 inches thick of cellular plastic material having a density of about 1 to 8 pounds per cubic foot bonded to the underside of the concrete surface of the elevated structure carrying vehicular traffic to reduce spalling and retard ice formation on the upper surface of the deck.
  • An elevated structure carrying vehicular trafiic having a concrete deck with the upper road surface of said elevated structure and the underside of said elevated structure exposed to the elements, the improvement which comprises a layer of about inch to 1 /2 inch thick of cellular plastic material having a density of about 1 /2 to 5 pounds per cubic foot bonded to the underside of the concrete surface of the elevated structure carrying vehicular traflic to reduce spalling and retard ice formation on the upper surface of the deck.
  • a method of reducing spalling and improving roadability of the concrete deck of an elevated structure carrying vehicular traffic and exposed on its upper and lower sides to the elements which comprises bonding a layer from about inch to 1 /2 inches thick of cellular plastic material having a density of about 1 /2 to 5 pounds per cubic foot to the underside of the concrete surface of the elevated structure carrying vehicular trafilc.
  • a method of reducing spalling and improving roadability of the concrete deck of an elevated structure carrying vehicular traffic and exposed on its upper and lower sides to the elements which comprises applying urethane foam by spraying to the underside of the concrete surface of the elevated structure carrying vehicular traflic to bond to said underside a layer from about /2 to 3 inches thick of urethane foam having a density of about 1 to 8 pounds per cubic foot.
  • a method of reducing spalling and improving roadability of a bituminous paved concrete deck of an elevated structure carrying vehicular trafiic and exposed on its upper and lower sides to the elements which comprises bonding a layer from about /2 inch to 3 inches thick of cellular plastic material having a density of about 1 to 8 pounds per cubic foot to the underside of the concrete surface of the elevated structure carrying vehicular trafiic.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US59611A 1960-09-30 1960-09-30 Highway maintenance of elevated structures Expired - Lifetime US3110981A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59611A US3110981A (en) 1960-09-30 1960-09-30 Highway maintenance of elevated structures
GB31134/61A GB919247A (en) 1960-09-30 1961-08-29 Improvements in or relating to bridges or like elevated structures having exposed concrete decks
CH1087761A CH405386A (de) 1960-09-30 1961-09-19 Hochbauwerk

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59611A US3110981A (en) 1960-09-30 1960-09-30 Highway maintenance of elevated structures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3110981A true US3110981A (en) 1963-11-19

Family

ID=22024084

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US59611A Expired - Lifetime US3110981A (en) 1960-09-30 1960-09-30 Highway maintenance of elevated structures

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3110981A (de)
CH (1) CH405386A (de)
GB (1) GB919247A (de)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279334A (en) * 1962-01-18 1966-10-18 Jack M Quartararo Method of construction in permafrost regions
US3421328A (en) * 1965-06-28 1969-01-14 Dow Chemical Co Insulated utility constructions
US3900687A (en) * 1973-09-10 1975-08-19 Chevron Res Process for coating a surface and the coated surface
US3906067A (en) * 1973-10-29 1975-09-16 Howard E Alspach Bridge icing deterrent
US4025683A (en) * 1973-09-10 1977-05-24 Chevron Research Company Urethane-based water-proofing/sound-proofing coating composition
US4047357A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-09-13 Mulholland Stanley C Roof structure of concrete edge-to-edge abutting panels and method of interconnecting same
US4349398A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-09-14 Edward C. Kearns Protective coating system
US4531857A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-07-30 Bettigole Neal H Prefabricated pavement module
US4531859A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-07-30 Bettigole Neal H Prefabricated pavement module
US4774794A (en) * 1984-03-12 1988-10-04 Grieb Donald J Energy efficient building system
US4780021A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-10-25 Bettigole Neal H Exodermic deck conversion method
US4865486A (en) * 1988-02-09 1989-09-12 Bettigole Neal H Method of assembling a steel grid and concrete deck
US5509243A (en) * 1994-01-21 1996-04-23 Bettigole; Neal H. Exodermic deck system
US5664378A (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-09-09 Bettigole; Robert A. Exodermic deck system
US6138420A (en) * 1999-01-07 2000-10-31 Fyfe Co., Llc Blast-resistant building
US20030093961A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-22 Grossman Stanley J. Composite structural member with longitudinal structural haunch
US20040025465A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-12 Corina-Maria Aldea Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method
US10415197B2 (en) * 2012-11-14 2019-09-17 Versaflex, Inc. Ballast mats and methods of forming the same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1728265A (en) * 1926-06-16 1929-09-17 Cement Gun Contracting Company Floor construction and method of producing the same
US2220349A (en) * 1939-10-03 1940-11-05 Truscon Lab Building construction
DE858705C (de) * 1951-04-19 1952-12-08 Aug Kloenne Fa Beton-Fahrbahnplatte fuer Stahlbruecken mit mittragendem Gurtblech
US2779689A (en) * 1955-07-19 1957-01-29 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Forming foamed polyurethane resins

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1728265A (en) * 1926-06-16 1929-09-17 Cement Gun Contracting Company Floor construction and method of producing the same
US2220349A (en) * 1939-10-03 1940-11-05 Truscon Lab Building construction
DE858705C (de) * 1951-04-19 1952-12-08 Aug Kloenne Fa Beton-Fahrbahnplatte fuer Stahlbruecken mit mittragendem Gurtblech
US2779689A (en) * 1955-07-19 1957-01-29 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Forming foamed polyurethane resins

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279334A (en) * 1962-01-18 1966-10-18 Jack M Quartararo Method of construction in permafrost regions
US3421328A (en) * 1965-06-28 1969-01-14 Dow Chemical Co Insulated utility constructions
US3900687A (en) * 1973-09-10 1975-08-19 Chevron Res Process for coating a surface and the coated surface
US4025683A (en) * 1973-09-10 1977-05-24 Chevron Research Company Urethane-based water-proofing/sound-proofing coating composition
US3906067A (en) * 1973-10-29 1975-09-16 Howard E Alspach Bridge icing deterrent
US4047357A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-09-13 Mulholland Stanley C Roof structure of concrete edge-to-edge abutting panels and method of interconnecting same
US4349398A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-09-14 Edward C. Kearns Protective coating system
US4531857A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-07-30 Bettigole Neal H Prefabricated pavement module
US4531859A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-07-30 Bettigole Neal H Prefabricated pavement module
US4774794A (en) * 1984-03-12 1988-10-04 Grieb Donald J Energy efficient building system
US4780021A (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-10-25 Bettigole Neal H Exodermic deck conversion method
US4865486A (en) * 1988-02-09 1989-09-12 Bettigole Neal H Method of assembling a steel grid and concrete deck
US5509243A (en) * 1994-01-21 1996-04-23 Bettigole; Neal H. Exodermic deck system
US5664378A (en) * 1995-12-07 1997-09-09 Bettigole; Robert A. Exodermic deck system
US6138420A (en) * 1999-01-07 2000-10-31 Fyfe Co., Llc Blast-resistant building
US20030093961A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-22 Grossman Stanley J. Composite structural member with longitudinal structural haunch
US20040025465A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-12 Corina-Maria Aldea Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method
US7311964B2 (en) * 2002-07-30 2007-12-25 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method
US20100147449A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2010-06-17 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method
US10415197B2 (en) * 2012-11-14 2019-09-17 Versaflex, Inc. Ballast mats and methods of forming the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH405386A (de) 1966-01-15
GB919247A (en) 1963-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Yousif Field performance of full depth precast concrete panels in bridge deck reconstruction
US3932051A (en) Highway construction
US4653956A (en) Highway pavement
US4531857A (en) Prefabricated pavement module
CN103518019A (zh) 路轨轨道轨枕支承体
RU2700996C1 (ru) Железнодорожный переезд и способ изготовления резинобетонных плит для него
Slavis Precast concrete deck modules for bridge deck reconstruction
Hulsey et al. Wearing surfaces for orthotropic steel bridge decks
US7524136B2 (en) Method and composition for enhancing the insulating properties of a trafficked surface
US3906067A (en) Bridge icing deterrent
CN220619835U (zh) 一种适用于上跨车行通道的棚洞快拆支架结构
Mangus Orthotropic steel decks
SE189014C1 (de)
Morina Study and Analysis of Concrete Bridge-Case Study of Bridge 94R
Gilligan Wearing Surfaces for Orthotropic Decks
EP1356162A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung elastischer, synthetischer betten
Dong Kang et al. Experience with the precast span method on the Korean high-speed rail project
Kosters Solid floors: railroad bridges
Meeker et al. Thin Bonded Concrete Repairs on the Ohio Turnpike
Gramling et al. Prestressed Pavement Performance in Four States: A Panel Report
بن_عمار_بن_خدة railway infrastructure
Morina WORKS ON STRENGTHENING BRIDGE
Koger Fast Assembly Bridge over the Aegidientorplatz in Hanover
Goldberg Thirty Years of Prestressed Concrete Railroad Bridges
Bergman et al. Selected excerpts from ice crossings