US3111401A - Abrasive articles - Google Patents

Abrasive articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3111401A
US3111401A US73538A US7353860A US3111401A US 3111401 A US3111401 A US 3111401A US 73538 A US73538 A US 73538A US 7353860 A US7353860 A US 7353860A US 3111401 A US3111401 A US 3111401A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wheels
grinding
abrasive
bonded
potassium zirconium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US73538A
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English (en)
Inventor
John C Cohen
Edward Roy B Jackson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unifrax I LLC
Original Assignee
Carborundum Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carborundum Co filed Critical Carborundum Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3111401A publication Critical patent/US3111401A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic

Definitions

  • Another object is to provide novel fluorine-containing fillers which impart improved cutting action and abrasive efliciency to bonded abrasive articles such as grinding wheels.
  • a further object is to provide improved bonded grinding wheels wherein novel fluorine-containing fillers are employed in conjunction with an organic bond.
  • a still further object is to provide improved bonded grinding wheels containing novel fluorine-containing additives in a resinoid bond.
  • bonded abrasive articles such as organic bonded grinding wheels containing an abrasive such as silicon carbide
  • the additives of this invention are potassium zirconium fluorides. This term encompasses potassium zirconium hexafluoride, K ZrF and potassium zirconium pentafluoride, KZrF
  • the novel additives of this invention are high-melting chemical compounds and, accordingly, are stable at high temperatures.
  • potassium zirconium hexafluoride has a melting point of 840 C.
  • quality factor is well known in the abrasives industry and is obtained from the formula where Q is the quality factor, M is the weight of metal removed, and W is the abrasive wheel wear in a given time interval.
  • Potassium zirconium pentafluoride has a melting point "ice of about 470 C. and provides a highly beneficial eifect as a filler material in a wide range of resin-bonded grinding wheels. Since this compound has a lower melting point than potassium zirconium hexafiuoride, it becomes chemically active at the grinding interface under lower temperature and pressure conditions. Accordingly, it finds application for light and medium duty grinding, where grinding pressures and temperatures are less than those encountered in stainless steel billet snagging and other heavy duty snagging operations.
  • the potassium zirconium fluoride is added to a forming mixture to be used for the production of such articles, including grinding wheels, in an amount in the range from about 0.5 weight percent to about 20.0 weight percent of the mixture.
  • Preferred amounts of the additives will be in the range from about 1.0 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent.
  • the optimum additions of the additive in any particular case will depend upon conditions of use, such as the nature of the work being ground or cut, the amount of stock to be removed and whether grinding or cutting is to be carried out wet or dry, among other factors. Also, it is to be included within the scope of the invention to use the additives either singly or in admixture, depending upon the grinding effect to be provided.
  • the additive has been employed in particulate form to facilitate its admixture with the other ingredients going into the composition.
  • the particle size employed can vary, and particle sizes in the range of 30 mesh and finer are suitable.
  • the potassium zirconium fluoride fillers of this invention can be utilized with other fluorine-containing fillers such as potassium fluoborate and cryolite of the prior art, if desired, to improve the efliciency thereof.
  • the additives are compatible with bonds employed for the production of many different kinds of bonded abrasive articles, being particularly adapted for use in organic bonded articles.
  • organic bond encompasses the synthetic and natural resins, including the phenol-formaldehydes, urea-formaldehydes, melamine-formaldehydes, epoxies, aikyds, polyesters, modified phenolics, natural and synthetic rubbers, shellac and the like.
  • the additives are particularly adapted for use with the synthetic resin bonded abrasive wheels such as those wherein the bond consists of a phenolic resin, such wheels being used mainly for heavy duty grinding operations such as snagging wheels for stainless steel billets and the like, and it is in this field in particular that the benefits of the potassium zirconium fluoride fillers have become apparent.
  • the present invention is adapted to the production of bonded abrasive articles wherein the abrasives include silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, bauxite, zirconi'a, flint, garnet, and the like, either singly or in admixture.
  • Example 1 Bonded abrasive grinding wheels were made for grinding tests employing potassium zironium hexafluoride and potassium zirconium pentafluoride as fillers and comparison was provided by wheels of the same composition except that they contained potassium fluoborate filler of the prior art.
  • the wheels were resinoid bonded stainless steel billet snagging wheels.
  • the ingredients in the 3 composition of the batches from which the wheels were made were as follows:
  • the ingredients were admixed and molded into wheels under identical conditions. Grinding tests were then run on the wheels under controlled grinding laboratory conditions using 9-inch diameter wheels on an automatic snagging machine for grinding stainless steel slabs. The following results were provided.
  • wheels made by the invention show substantial improvement over wheels made by the prior art.
  • the metal removal rate is substantially increased and the quality factor is also substantially improved.
  • Example 2 Field tests were run utilizing wheels made in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 to provide the following results:
  • Example 3 Field tests were also run utilizing Wheel A made in accordance with the process of Example 1 and results of such field tests are as follows:
  • a raw batch mixture for the manufacture of a bonded abrasive article which comprises abrasive grains, an organic bonding agent for said abrasive grains, and a filler, said filler including a useful amount of a potassium zirconium fluoride selected from the group consisting of K ZrF and KZrF 2.
  • a raw batch mixture as set forth in claim 1 in which said fluoride is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of said mixture.
  • An abrasive article comprising abrasive grains bonded with an organic bond and having distributed uniformly throughout said bond a reactive filler including a useful amount of ⁇ a potassium zirconium fluoride selected from the group consisting of K Zr F and KZrF 6.
  • An abrasive article consisting essentially of abrasive grains, a resin bond and a filler comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of potassium zirconium pentafiuoride (KZrF and potassium zirconium hexafluoride (K ZrF References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,216,135 Rainier Oct. 1, 1940 2,814,554 Rouse Nov. 26, 1957 2,939,777 Gregor et al. June 7, 1960 2,940,841 Gregor et a1 June 14, 1960

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US73538A 1959-12-11 1960-12-05 Abrasive articles Expired - Lifetime US3111401A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB42226/59A GB891046A (en) 1959-12-11 1959-12-11 Improvements in compositions relating to abrasive articles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3111401A true US3111401A (en) 1963-11-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US73538A Expired - Lifetime US3111401A (en) 1959-12-11 1960-12-05 Abrasive articles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3111401A (fr)
DE (1) DE1469863A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1275868A (fr)
GB (1) GB891046A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021208A (en) * 1972-08-07 1977-05-03 Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerk Swarovski K.G. Abrasive article
US4263016A (en) * 1978-08-14 1981-04-21 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Non-toxic, active filler for grinding disks, its use and grinding disk containing same
US4370148A (en) * 1980-07-11 1983-01-25 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Chlorofluoroferrate(II,III), a process for its manufacture, its use and a grinding wheel containing chlorofluoroferrate(II,III)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2216135A (en) * 1937-05-21 1940-10-01 Us Rubber Co Manufacture of abrasive articles
US2814554A (en) * 1954-12-31 1957-11-26 Norton Co Grinding wheels
US2939777A (en) * 1957-03-11 1960-06-07 Abrasive & Metal Products Co Abrasives
US2940841A (en) * 1957-03-11 1960-06-14 Abrasive & Metal Products Co Abrasives

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2216135A (en) * 1937-05-21 1940-10-01 Us Rubber Co Manufacture of abrasive articles
US2814554A (en) * 1954-12-31 1957-11-26 Norton Co Grinding wheels
US2939777A (en) * 1957-03-11 1960-06-07 Abrasive & Metal Products Co Abrasives
US2940841A (en) * 1957-03-11 1960-06-14 Abrasive & Metal Products Co Abrasives

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021208A (en) * 1972-08-07 1977-05-03 Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerk Swarovski K.G. Abrasive article
US4263016A (en) * 1978-08-14 1981-04-21 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Non-toxic, active filler for grinding disks, its use and grinding disk containing same
US4370148A (en) * 1980-07-11 1983-01-25 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Chlorofluoroferrate(II,III), a process for its manufacture, its use and a grinding wheel containing chlorofluoroferrate(II,III)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1275868A (fr) 1961-11-10
GB891046A (en) 1962-03-07
DE1469863A1 (de) 1969-07-10

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