US3135201A - Tracer material for missiles - Google Patents

Tracer material for missiles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3135201A
US3135201A US99150A US9915061A US3135201A US 3135201 A US3135201 A US 3135201A US 99150 A US99150 A US 99150A US 9915061 A US9915061 A US 9915061A US 3135201 A US3135201 A US 3135201A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
light
composition
tracer
generating
light intensity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US99150A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hansson Oscar Bernhard
Lofstedt Karl Elov
Nedeby Henry Torst Nils-Gunnar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab Bofors AB
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Bofors AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bofors AB filed Critical Bofors AB
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3135201A publication Critical patent/US3135201A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to light generating tracer material for insertion in or attachment to a missile to facilitate visual tracing of the trajectory of the missile when the same is propelled by means of a suitable weapon.
  • Tracer materials of this kind are heretofore known to have a short burning time-about 5-10 secondsand generate a substantially constant light output while being consumed.
  • the intensity of light incident upon the eyes of an observer stationed for instance near the point from which the missile, including the tracer material, is propelled decreases by the square of the distance from the observer. Due to the constant light output of the tracer material, the intensity of the light as seen by such observer is excessively strong during the first part of the trajectory, but becomes rapidly too faint for reliable observation as the missile moves further away from the observer, particularly since the observer tends to be momentarily blinded by the initial high brilliancy of the tracer light.
  • tracers according to the invention is particularly advantageous in conjunction with manually remote-controlled, rocket-motor driven, armor-piercing projectiles.
  • projectiles have a comparatively low velocity, which makes a prolonged burning time particularly useful, and having a rather flat trajectory which often nearly coincides with the usual sighting line, thus making an initial strong glare particularly troublesome.
  • a more specific object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved tracer in which the luminous material is so shaped that the maximum light output is attained therefrom.
  • Luminous compositions used as tracer materials usually comprise a mixture of magnesium, an oxydizing agent, a desensitizing agent and a binder. It has been found that the intensity of the light output of such mixture can be increased by reducing the relative proportions of the desensitizing agent and the binder in the mixture, but such increase in intensity is obtained at the expense of the burning time.
  • the invention utilizes the afore-described phenomenon by combining in a tracer a plurality of compositions which have different burning times and different light-emitting properties and arranging these compositions so that the composition having the longest burning time and the lowest light emission is burned first and the composition having the shortest burning time and the highest light emission is burned last. By selecting the mass of each composition appropriately, a tracer charge is obtained which has a long total burning time and the light output of which increases towards the end of the burning time, whereby the light intensity of the tracer as seen by a stationary observer remains approximately constant.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a tracer according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing comparative light intensitytime curves of tracer materials.
  • the entire tracer charge is placed in a cylindrical can 1 open at one end and made of suitable material such as steel.
  • the inside of the can is lined with a liner 2 made of a mixture of hardening plastic and glass powder.
  • the tracer charge is a composite charge made up of a plurality of layers, some serving as primers and others as light generating layers.
  • layer 3 is a black powder priming charge.
  • Layer 4 is a priming charge having a composition of 59% of barium peroxide, 36% of stannic oxide and 5% of chlorinated rubber. Such composition does not produce any appreciable light when burned.
  • Layer 5 is a composition consisting of 35% of the composition of layer 4 and of 65% of a light generating tracer composition comprising 64.7% of strontium nitrate, 8.8% of strontium chloride, 11.8% of magnesium, 8.8% of polyvinyl chloride and 5.9% of chlorinated rubber.
  • Layer 6 is a light generating composition consisting entirely of the tracer material composition used for layer 5 in a proportion of 65% of the total mass of that layer.
  • Layer 7 is a light generating composition consisting of 64.7% of strontium nitrate, 5.9% of strontium chloride, 17.6% of magnesium, 5.9% of polyvinyl chloride and 5.9% of chlorinated rubber.
  • layer 8 is also a light generating composition consisting of 58.8% strontium nitrate, 29.4% of magnesium, 5.9% of polyvinyl chloride and 5.9% of chlorinated rubber.
  • compositions are placed in the can in reverse order in relation to the desired ignition sequence thereof.
  • layer 8 which produces the highest light intensity and has the shortest burning time, is at the bottom, thus it will burn last, and priming composition 3 is at the top of the can at which combustion of the tracer material is started.
  • FIG. 1 further indicates by the spacing of the lines indicating the layers that the layers have different volumes. The proportion of the volumes of the layers is selected in accordance with the desired distribution of the light output during the flight of the missile and the desired total burning time.
  • compositions are pressed together successively by any suitable means, such as a cylindrical punch.
  • the punch has preferably a conical point to obtain the illustrated conical mating surfaces of the layers.
  • FIG. 2 shows light intensity 0 as a function of the burning time h.
  • the curve 9 indicates the light intensity of tracer material according to the invention. As shown,
  • the tracer material reaches rather rapidly its peak intensity and then remains substantially constant as seen by a stationary observer.
  • Curve shows the actual light intensity of the tracer material according to the invention. light intensity increases during the burning time of the tracer material.
  • curve 11 shows the light intensity of conventional tracer material.
  • the curve indicates that the light intensity reaches rapidly a high peak and then decreases equally rapidly. The peak being located at the beginning of the total time causes the aforementioned temporary blinding of an observer.
  • a comparison of curves 9, 10 and 11 respectively also demonstrates the much longer burning time of the tracer material according to the invention, for a given total volume of tracer material.
  • a luminous tracer for use with a missile comprising a container, tracer material of a plurality of combustible, light-generating compositions in said container, said compositions having different burning times for a given mass and generating light of different intensities when ignited, the burning time and the light intensities of the compositions being inversely proportional, said compositions being stacked in said container to form a column in which the compositions are superimposed in an order such that the composition having the longest burning time and generating the lowest light intensity is located at one end of the column and the composition having the shortest burning time and generating the highest light As is apparent, the
  • the intensity is located at the other end thereof, and a priming charge disposed in said container adjacent the composition having the longest burning time and generating the lowest light intensity, whereby upon ignition of the Y column at the end thereof including the composition having the longest burning time and generating the lowest light intensity, the intensity of the light emitted by the tracer material increases as the consumption thereof progresses toward the other end of the column so that the light intensity of the tracer as the time and distance of flight of the missile increases provides a light intensity which, as seen by a stationary observer, remains approximately constant.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
US99150A 1960-04-14 1961-03-29 Tracer material for missiles Expired - Lifetime US3135201A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE376060 1960-04-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3135201A true US3135201A (en) 1964-06-02

Family

ID=20262809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US99150A Expired - Lifetime US3135201A (en) 1960-04-14 1961-03-29 Tracer material for missiles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3135201A (de)
BE (1) BE601699A (de)
CH (1) CH381568A (de)
DE (1) DE1158872B (de)
GB (1) GB924954A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972291A (en) * 1974-11-22 1976-08-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Extended range tracer folded cup

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3212271C1 (de) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-06 Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie Mit einer metallischen Abdeckung versehener pyrotechnischer Leuchtsatz fuer fernlenkbare Flugkoerper
DE3218874C1 (de) * 1982-05-19 1986-07-17 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Leuchtsatz mit pyrotechnischen Leuchtmaterialien
DE3236418C2 (de) * 1982-10-01 1984-11-15 Bayern-Chemie Gesellschaft für flugchemische Antriebe mbH, 8261 Aschau Infrarot-Leuchtsatz
EP0860681A1 (de) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-26 METALLWERK ELISENHüTTE GmbH Expansionsgeschoss mit einem Leuchtspursatz
CN109883274A (zh) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-14 安徽红星机电科技股份有限公司 一种曵光管及其制备方法
DE102023125957A1 (de) * 2023-09-25 2025-03-27 Rws Gmbh Leuchtspurprojektil mit mindestens einem farbwechsel

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1074809A (en) * 1911-06-13 1913-10-07 Charles Newton Powder and propellant for use in firearms.
US1920075A (en) * 1931-08-15 1933-07-25 Haenichen Wilhelm Cartridge for guns and ordnances
CH219177A (fr) * 1941-02-01 1942-01-31 Jacques Grosselin Rene Projectile traceur.
US2868129A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-01-13 Thomas H Johnson Flare device
US2986999A (en) * 1958-06-03 1961-06-06 Willy A Fiedler Externally mounted, jet-ignited tracking flare
US3013495A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-12-19 Stevenson Thomas Spotter-tracer projectile

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE372590A (de) * 1930-07-29

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1074809A (en) * 1911-06-13 1913-10-07 Charles Newton Powder and propellant for use in firearms.
US1920075A (en) * 1931-08-15 1933-07-25 Haenichen Wilhelm Cartridge for guns and ordnances
CH219177A (fr) * 1941-02-01 1942-01-31 Jacques Grosselin Rene Projectile traceur.
US2868129A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-01-13 Thomas H Johnson Flare device
US2986999A (en) * 1958-06-03 1961-06-06 Willy A Fiedler Externally mounted, jet-ignited tracking flare
US3013495A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-12-19 Stevenson Thomas Spotter-tracer projectile

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972291A (en) * 1974-11-22 1976-08-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Extended range tracer folded cup

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH381568A (de) 1964-08-31
DE1158872B (de) 1963-12-05
GB924954A (en) 1963-05-01
BE601699A (fr) 1961-07-17

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