US3136049A - Explosive method and apparatus for deforming metal - Google Patents

Explosive method and apparatus for deforming metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3136049A
US3136049A US829904A US82990459A US3136049A US 3136049 A US3136049 A US 3136049A US 829904 A US829904 A US 829904A US 82990459 A US82990459 A US 82990459A US 3136049 A US3136049 A US 3136049A
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blank
mold
explosive
explosive charge
die
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Jr Guy C Throner
Lieberman Irving
Zernow Louis
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Aerojet Rocketdyne Inc
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Aerojet General Corp
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Priority to GB24303/60A priority patent/GB925422A/en
Priority to BE593413A priority patent/BE593413A/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
    • B21D26/08—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y10T29/49806—Explosively shaping

Definitions

  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel method of'and improved means for explosive-forming and trueing of cylindrical members, or other shapes which may be preformed to approximate the final desired shape.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a FIG. 3 shows in section apparatus for explosively form: ing and/ or trueing a cylindrical member;
  • FIG. 4 depicts in section a cylindrical member obtained from the use of the apparatus of FIG. 3;
  • FIG.'5 is a sectional view of the unique forming die utilized to attenuate the spring-back phenomena of the metal blank and in the progressive draw process;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a composite sandwich configuration utilized to eliminate wrinkling and buckling in the explosive forming process
  • FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a modification of the apparatus of FIG. 1 wherein the blank to be formed is explosively held down at its periphery to prevent wrinkling and buckling;
  • FIG. 8- is a plan view of a composite blankformed of smaller sections of like or dissimilar material which may be joined by welding prior to fabrication by the method of this invention
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a novel method of and improved means for explosively forming metallic members without buckling and wrinkling.
  • the invention comprises a method and apparatus whereby metallic blanks to be fabricated in various shapes are placed over a mold and together with the mold submerged in fluid.
  • An explosive charge is detonated in the fluid above the blank.
  • the shock wave and other resultant reactions produced by the explosion causes the metal to conform to the shape of the die.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the composite blank of FIG. 8 taken along sectional line 99;
  • FIG. 10 is a view in section of apparatus utilized in the practice of this invention which employs a male die
  • FIG. 11a is a sectional view of a pre-tapered blank prior.
  • FIG. 11b illustrates the same metal blank formed as a dome of uniform thickness.
  • the explosive forming apparatus 2 is shown as comprising a frame 4 mounted on supports 6
  • a mold or die 8 is arranged within the frame 4, the space between the die 8 and the frame 4 being filled with a solid non-resilient material 12 such as concrete, lead, etc. location in the cavity 9, provides an exit from, the die to an evacuation means, not shown.
  • the blank to be fabri cated 20, which is of a material such as steel, is arranged across the die 8 in a manner forming a cavity 9 sealed from fluids 14 with the assistance of a commercial sealant
  • An optional feature of this invention is a die lined with 4 is evacuated through the vacuum line 10.
  • the explosive material 22 is shown as comprising a frame 4 mounted on supports 6
  • a mold or die 8 is arranged within the frame 4, the space between the die 8 and the frame 4 being filled with a solid non-resilient material 12 such as concrete, lead, etc. location in the cavity 9, provides an exit from, the die to an evacuation means, not shown.
  • a hold-down ring 24 isplaced over the blank .20 and held down by pressure bars 26, to which a given compression has been applied as determined by the force applied to the hold-down nuts 28.
  • the hold-down nuts 28 tighten down on the hold-down rod 30 which is fastened to the frame 4.
  • This method of hold-down is described merely to illustrate how the material may be held. Other methods of hold-down may be applied.
  • An explosive charge 32 adapted to be fired by conventional means, not shown, is suspended above the blank 20 on suspension member 334 which is attached to frame 4, a dis tance D which varies with the configuration, thickness, type and final desired form of the fabricated blank.
  • the cavity region 9 of the die 8 beneath the blank 20 forming apparatus 2 is placed on the bottom of a tank 16 which is set in the ground 18 and the interior of the tank flooded with water or other fluid 14 which fills the tank 1 6.
  • the explosive charge 32 is then fired.
  • the distance d of the fluid level above the explosive charge 32 may be from blanks by the explosive forming process of this relative contributions of the shock wave and succeeding.
  • a vacuum line 10 located at any convenient pressures which are generated are influenced by the type of explosive charge utilized, i.e., high shock pressures resulting from very high velocity explosives such as TNT, composition B and composition C4 and reduced shock pressures with the lower velocity explosives such as dynamites.
  • high shock pressures resulting from very high velocity explosives such as TNT, composition B and composition C4
  • reduced shock pressures with the lower velocity explosives such as dynamites.
  • the former or the latter type of explosive may be required.
  • the blank material and final shape will also influence the required configuration of the explosive charge.
  • the blank was held down by means of a hold-down ring and eight evenly spaced hold-down retainers pressed against the ring around its circumference. A uniform torque of 100 foot-lbs. was applied to the hold-down nuts which produced the transverse force on the retainers.
  • the cavity formed by the blank of the mold was evacuated to a pressure of approximately 4 to 5 inches of mercury absolute.
  • the explosive charge was suspended at standoff dis tances of 4, 6 and 9 inches above the geometrical center of the mold. The entire assembly was lowered into the water tank and the water level throughout the test was maintained at 110 inches above the blank.
  • the blank material was mild steel, type A151 1020, hot rolled, and the explosive utilized was liquid nitromethane sensitized with an amine such as diethyl amine, and sold by the Aerojet-General Corporation, 6352 North lrwindale Avenue, Azusa, California, under the trademark Aerex. It is described in detail in copending United States Patent Application Serial No. 605,747, filed July 18, 1945, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
  • the depth of deflection of the blank is a function of the weight of the explosive charge, the standoff distance of the charge from the blank and the thickness of the blank.
  • Explosive type K, Aerex 0.375 EL506A (PETN with plastic binder) 0.336 Composition C4 0.362 Gelatin, 60% strength 0.348 Gelamite, 60% strength 0.322 Lump coal C, 60% strength 0.264
  • W the weight of explosive in grams
  • K is a constant related to the type of explosive used. The constant values compared for the different explosives are tabulated below:
  • K Aerex 44.2 EL506A PETN with plastic binder
  • Composition C4 42.7 Gelatin, 60% strength 41.9 Gelamite, 60% strength 36.6 Lump coal C, 60% strength 27.4
  • K K W- where Z is the deflection in inches, W is the weight of Aerex explosive in grams, and K is a constant related to the yield or tensile strength blank material used. Constant K values are tabulated below for 4130 steel blanks of various tensile strengths.
  • FIG. 2a is illustrative of the blank 20 before being subjected to the explosive forming process of this invention
  • FIG. 2b shows a sectional view of the blank 20 of FIG. 2a after it has been fabricated in the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus shown here is adapted to form dome-shaped parts, metal members of other configurations may be formed by changing the die and variation of other parameters involved in the process.
  • the top view of the molds, blanks and formed members may be of any desired configuration such as circular, square, elliptical, etc.
  • FIG. 3 is illustrative of another application of explosive forming which will true the longitudinal dimensions of a cylinder.
  • a split die 38 which may have any conceivable interior configuration, is retained as a unit by handing 40.
  • the cylinder blank to be formed 42, and/ or trued is placed into the split die 38 and sealed fluid-tight by vacuum sealant 44 as indicated.
  • the air is evacuated in the cavity between the-work piece 42 and the wall of the die 38 to 4-5 inches of mercury absolute through evacuation pipe 45.
  • a string explosive charge 46, or a ball or other configuration of charge, dependent upon the nature of the required final product, is centered Within the cylinder blank 42.
  • Fluid 48 which may be water, oil or other liquid capable of transmitting shocks and pressures, fills the cavity of the cylinder blank 42 and the unit is submerged into a tank of water, as in FIG. 1.
  • the shock wave and other pressures generated by the detonating explosive charge are transmitted through the fluid 48 and force the cylinder blank 42 to conform to the interior configuration of the die 38.
  • the effectiveness of the trueing is only limited by the close tolerances to which the cylindrical die 38 is initially fabricated.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the final product, a cylinder 42', which is obtained by use of this process in the apparatus of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a special explosive forming apparatus 50 which maybe used in a progressive draw process, (where multiple forming operations are performed in successive order), and also to minimize or eliminate spring-back phenomona encountered in explosive forming many of the newer type high strength metals such as nickel, chrome, and vanadium steels.
  • the molding apparatus 50 comprises a frame 52 upon which is mounted a mold or die 54. A portion of the apparatus between the frame and the dieis filled with a non-resilient material 56 such as concrete. A vacuum line as communicates with the cavity portion 55 of the die 54.
  • a resilient liner 58 such as rubber, lines the interior of the mold cavity.
  • the blank 62 is placed across the top of the mold 54.
  • the evacuation line 69 leads to conventional evacuation means such as a vacuum pump, not shown.
  • a vacuum sealant (not shown) is employed at appropriate portions of the apparatus together with necessary hold-down rings, nuts and rods and pressure bars as in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus is submerged in fluid to the desired depth and an explosive charge detonated above the blank to be formed.
  • the exploding charge transmits a shock wave and other forces resulting from the detonation which will force the blank 62 into the mold 54.
  • Provision of the resilient liner 58 will overcome the normal springback which materials exhibit on being formed in dies as described above.
  • the liner 58 will permit the blank 62 to form beyond the required depth, and assisted by the compressed resilient liner, the spring-back may be controlled so that the final formed part, shown here to be a head or dome, will have the desired dimensions.
  • the resilient liner 58 is here shown to be arranged to line the die cavity, in another embodiment, the liner may be arranged horizontally under the blank to be formed. Preferably, the liner is attached to the underside of the blank as by glueing.
  • FIG. 6 a means permitting the forming of materials in thicknesses and dimensions which-would nor-. mally wrinkle and buckle during the forming process.
  • buckling and wrinkling in the formed item will occur.
  • Formulae enabling determination of stability. of plates under stress may be found at Table XVI, page 315-. of Formulas for Stress and Strain, R. J. Roark, McGraW-, Hill Book Co., New York, 1954.
  • the apparatus of the present invention will permit forming materials which would normally fail by wrinkling and buckling brought on by stresses because of the unfavorable thickness to diameter ratio. This elimination of unfavorable forming conditions is accomplished by preparing a laminated or.
  • sandwich blank which comprises a member to be formed 68 sandwiched between an upper and/ or lower members 66, 70.
  • the laminated blank 64 may be welded as at point or otherwise bonded as with an epoxy resin, forming a unit, or utilized as assembled without material attachment.
  • the complete lamination 64 will form one unit, and is subjected to the explosive forming operation described above. After the explosive charge is detonated, the individual blank 68 is separated from the other lami nations 66, 70 providing the desired part without buckling or wrinkling.
  • the laminations are all of a material and thickness required in the formed dome, the three units may be trued and thus provide three individual units fabricated by the one shot.
  • a lamination of two blanks may be processed in the same manner. In each case the individual members may subsequently be trued to the desired final contour.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method for utilizing the explosive impulse from the initial explosive charge as a hold-down on the 'blan.
  • the forming member 72 comprises a frame 74 mounted on a stand 76 within a tank 78 which is set into the ground 85.
  • a mold or die 82 is set within the frame 74 and the space between the die 82 and the frame 74 is filled with a non-resilient material such as concrete 84.
  • the blank 86 to be formed is laid over the die 32 and an explosive holding member 88 is laid across the top of the frame 74, being rigidly secured thereto by C-clamps 92.
  • An explosive charge 90 adapted for firing by conventional means, not shown, is secured to the holding member 83 and suspended a predetermined height above the blank 86.
  • An evacuation pipe 94 leads to an external evacuation means, not shown, from the cavity formed between the die 82 and the blank 86.
  • the entire apparatus 72 is submerged in the tank 78 which is filled with a fluid 96.
  • a holding member 98 is arranged across the top of the tank, and suspended from the bottom side thereof is a massive reflector 100.
  • sheets can be fabricated which are larger in size than steel mills are capable of producing with present tooling means.
  • large blanks may be made from smaller sheets welded together to form items which cannot be formed by conventional means because of resulting weld failure.
  • the large blank 102 is formed of three smaller sections 104, 166, 168
  • the resulting blank 102 may be larger than the present capabilities of mills or alternatively may be of conventional size but composed of smaller sections of dissimilar metals.
  • an explosive forming technique such a blank can be fabricated Without weld failure. The rate at which forming takes place by ourexplosive technique is so fast that weld cracks commonly encountered in conventional techniques are eliminated.
  • FIGURE 10 delineates a modification of the present invention utilizing a male die in place of the female dies of FIGURES l, 3, 5 and 7.
  • the explosive forming apparatus 112 comprises a frame 114 mounted on supports 116.
  • a male (convex) mold or die 118 is arranged within the frame 114, and the steel blank 120 which is to be fabricated is laid across the top of frame 114, a suitable vacuum sealant 122 being inserted between the frame 114- and the blank 120 to provide an air-tight seal.
  • a hold-down rim 124 is placed over the blank 120 and held down by pressure seals 126 which are given a compressive force by the hold-down nuts 128 as they are tightened by the hold-down rod 130 which is fastened to the frame 114. Other methods of hold-down may be utilized.
  • An explosive charge 132 adapted to be fired by conventional means, not shown, is suspended above the blank 120 on suspension member 134 at the required distance.
  • the entire structure is submerged in a tank 136 which is set in the ground 149 and the entire interior of the tank flooded with a suitable fluid 138, such as water, to the desired height above the explosive charge 132.
  • detonation of the explosive charge 132 causes a high velocity shock wave to be transmitted through the fluid 133 to impact the blank 120, forcing it to conform with the contour of the male die 113. It is to be noted that the charge 132 is fabricated to form properly shaped shock waves which will deliver pressures to the periphery of the blanks 120. Techniques of fabricating an explosive charge incorporating a wave shaper are disclosed in US. patent application, Serial No. 817,240, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, filed June 1, 1959, and now Patent No. 3,034,393.
  • the blank 150 is specially prepared prior to forming. As shown in FIG. 11a, this preparation comprises grinding or otherwise removing material from the blank surface to give an initial blank thickness which will be greater in the thinning areas and smaller in the thickening areas. The degree of thinning of the steel blank is dependent upon the blank material used, the condition of the metal, the type of hold-down employed, and other factors.
  • FIG. 11a illustrates a taper introduced into the surface of the blank 150 to compensate for the thickening which would normally occur in the region tapered.
  • a method of fabricating a metal member comprising the steps of, arranging a metal member to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is indented in part, securing said member to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said member and the top surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge in said fluid body above said unitary structure and below the surface of said fluid body, and detonating said explosive charge, whereby the resulting explosion forms said member in conformity with the contour of said mold.
  • a method offabricating a metal member comprising the steps of arranging a metallic member comprising a laminate of two or more separable blanks over a mold having theconto 1 1r to which it is desiredto fabricate said blanks of said laminate member,- securing said member to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, arranging a first explosive charge in said fluid body above said unitary structure and belowthe surface of said fluid body, detonating said first explosive charge to generally conform said laminate to the contour of said mold, separating the blanks comprising the laminate, and trueing individually each blank member of said laminate to the desired final contour.
  • a method of fabricating 24" diameter semi-elliptical domes from A-inch thick type AISI 1020 steel comprising the steps of arranging a blank to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is semi-elliptical in part, firmly securing said blank to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said blank and the semi-elliptical portion of the surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge in said fluid body at a distance of 4 inches above said unitary structure and below the surface of said fluid body, and detonating said explosive charge, said explosive being of a weight determined by the formula:
  • W is the weight of said explosive charge in grams
  • Z is the desired depth of deflection of said AISI 1020 steel blank in inches
  • K is a constant related to the type of explosive comprising said explosive charge.
  • a method of fabricating 24" diameter semi-elliptical domes from Ai-inch thick type AISI 1020 steel comprising the steps of arranging a blank to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is'semi-elliptical in part, firmly. securing said blank to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said blank and the semi-elliptical portion of the surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge in said fluid body at a distance of 4 inches above said unitary structure and below the surface of said fluid body, and detonatingsaid explosive charge, said explosive being of a weight determined by the formula:
  • V 1.422 -(re) where W is the weightof said explosive charge in grams, V is the desired volume of the dome formed in cubic inches, and K, is a constant related to the type of explosive comprising said explosive charge.
  • a method of fabricating 24" diameter semi-elliptical domes from type AISI 1020 steel comprising the steps of arranging the blank to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is semi-elliptical in part, firm 1y securing said blank to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said blank and the semi-elliptical portion of the surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge of sensitized nitromethane in said fluid body above'said unitary structure and below the surface of said fluid body, and'detonating said explosive charge, said blank having a resultant deflection being provided by the formula:
  • Z is the deflection of said blank in inches
  • W is the weight of said sensitized nitromethane explosive charge in grams
  • D is the distance of said explosive charge above said blank in inches
  • t is the thickness of said AISI 1020 steel blank in inches.
  • a method of fabricating 24" diameter semi-elliptical domes from type AISI 1020 steel comprising the steps of arranging the blank to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is semi-elliptical in part, firmly securing said blank to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said blank and the semi-elliptical portion of the surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge of sensitized nitromethane in said fluid body above said unitary structure and below the surface of said fluid body, and detonating said ex-v plosive charge, said dome having a resultant volume provided by the formula:
  • V is the volume of the semi-elliptical dome formed in cubic inches
  • W is the weight of said sensitized nitromethane explosive charge in grams
  • D is the distance of said explosive charge above said blankin inches
  • t is the thickness of said AISI 1020 steel blank in inches.
  • a method of fabricating and trueing a metal cylinder comprising the steps of arranging a hollow metal cylinder within a hollow die having a contoured inner surface, centrally arranging an explosive charge within the interior of the cylinder, filling the cavity of the cylinder with a fluid, evacuating the regions between said cylinder and the contoured inner surface of said die, submerging said die, cylinder, and explosive together in a fluid body, and detonating said explosive charge, whereby the resulting explosion forces said cylinder outwardly to conform with the contour of said die.
  • a method of fabricating a metal member comprising the .steps of arranging a metal member to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is indented in part, submerging said mold and member in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said member and the top surface of said mold, arranging an explosive charge in said fluid body above said member and below the surface of said fluid body, submerging a massive reflector in said fluid body to a posititon above said explosive charge, said refiector having a configuration whereby compressive forces released upon detonation of said charge are reflected from said reflector to the periphery of said member, and detonating said charge, whereby the resulting explosion forms said member in conformity with the contour of said mold.
  • a method of fabricating a metal member comprising the steps of arranging a metal member to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is indented in part, submerging said mold and member in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said member and the top surface of said mold, arranging an explosive charge in said fluid body above said member and below the surface of said fluid body, said explosive charge being a shaped charge fabricated to deliver compressive forces to the periphery of said member upon detonation, and detonating said charge, whereby the resulting explosion forms said member in conformity with the contour of said mold.
  • Apparatus for the explosive forming of a metal member submerged in a body of fluid comprising: a frame member, a contoured die member arranged across the top of said frame member, said die member being adapted to receive a metal member to be formed on the top surface thereof, means for permitting evacuation of the region between said metal member and said contoured die member, means for retaining an explosive charge above the metal member to be formed, and a massive reflector positioned above said explosive charge in a manner refleeting compressive forces from the detonation of said explosive charge to the periphery of said metal member.
  • Apparatus for explosively trueing a cylinder submerged in a fluid body comprising, a hollow die having the desired contours on the inner surface thereof, said die being adapted to receive a hollow metal cylinder, means for permitting evacuation of cavities formed when a cylinder is inserted within said die, and means for centrally positioning an explosive charge in the interior of said hollow cylinder.
  • a method of fabricating semi-elliptical domes having a diameter of 31 /2 from Mt-111Gb thick type AISI 4130 steel comprising the'steps of arranging a blank to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is concave in part, firmly securing said blank to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fiuid body, evacuating the region between said blank and the concave portion of the surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge of sensitized nitromethane in said fluid body at a distance of 4 inches above said unitary structure and below the surface of said fluid body,
  • Z is the depth of deflection of said blank in inches
  • K is a constant related to the tensile strength of the blank material
  • W is the weight of said sensitized nitromethane explosive charge in grams.
  • a method of fabricating semi-elliptical domes having a diameter of 31 /2 from Ainch thick type A181 4130 steel comprising the steps of arranging a blank to be formed over a mold having a top surface which is concave in part, firmly securing said blank to said mold to form a unitary structure, submerging said unitary structure in a fluid body, evacuating the region between said blank and the concave portion of the surface of the mold, arranging an explosive charge of sensitized nitromethane in said fluid body at a distance of 4 inches above said unitary structure and below the surface of said fiuid body, and detonating said explosive charge, said dome having a resultant volume provided by the formula:
  • V is the volume of the semi-elliptical dome formed in cubic inches
  • K is a constant related to the tensile strength of the blank material
  • W is the weight of said sensitized nitromethane explosive charge in grams.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
US829904A 1959-07-27 1959-07-27 Explosive method and apparatus for deforming metal Expired - Lifetime US3136049A (en)

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GB24303/60A GB925422A (en) 1959-07-27 1960-07-12 Explosive forming method and apparatus
BE593413A BE593413A (fr) 1959-07-27 1960-07-26 Procédé et appareil pour le façonnage de pièces métalliques.

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US3214950A (en) * 1963-01-11 1965-11-02 Mak Maschinenbau Kiel Gmbh Apparatus for the deformation of metal sheets and preshaped bodies under shock effect in water
US3249046A (en) * 1964-02-06 1966-05-03 Du Pont Apparatus for accelerating plates to high velocity
US3248924A (en) * 1961-11-22 1966-05-03 William W Boynton System for dynamic loading
US3289447A (en) * 1962-08-09 1966-12-06 Nat Res Dev Explosion forming process
US3343389A (en) * 1965-02-01 1967-09-26 Lockheed Aircraft Corp High energy rate forming apparatus and method
US3453716A (en) * 1966-02-25 1969-07-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of manufacturing pipe sections for the transportation of cryogenic liquids
US3463035A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-08-26 Wilfred Bright Method of preparing die plates
US3464249A (en) * 1965-11-30 1969-09-02 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of and apparatus for explosive treatment of metals
US3572071A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Parabolic reflector antennas
RU2743176C1 (ru) * 2020-05-26 2021-02-15 Сергей Михайлович Анпилов Взрывная камера для гидровзрывной штамповки и способ изготовления взрывной камеры для гидровзрывной штамповки

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CN115816869B (zh) * 2023-02-16 2023-05-12 中南大学 一种金属-纤维混杂材料波纹结构的快速成形装置及方法

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US1935916A (en) * 1928-06-06 1933-11-21 Budd Edward G Mfg Co Metal die and method of making the same
US2016569A (en) * 1931-07-07 1935-10-08 Woodall Industries Inc Die and its method of manufacture
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US2555497A (en) * 1945-02-12 1951-06-05 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Process of manufacturing bearings
US2686488A (en) * 1948-01-14 1954-08-17 Harley A Montgomery Method of treating and cold deep drawing sheet metal
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US2486130A (en) * 1948-05-26 1949-10-25 Dow Chemical Co Lubricant composition
US2586706A (en) * 1949-01-12 1952-02-19 Olive S Petty Seismic surveying
US2820286A (en) * 1951-09-01 1958-01-21 Smith Corp A O Method of making composite plates
US2779279A (en) * 1952-03-08 1957-01-29 Paul S Maiwurm Apparatus for securing a tube or tubes in a body member
US2770034A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-11-13 Lyon George Albert Method of coining and cupping metal
US2836530A (en) * 1953-04-28 1958-05-27 Bristol Aircraft Ltd Method of making forming tools
US2858603A (en) * 1954-04-22 1958-11-04 American Optical Corp Method of making reflectors for light sources
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US3289447A (en) * 1962-08-09 1966-12-06 Nat Res Dev Explosion forming process
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US3249046A (en) * 1964-02-06 1966-05-03 Du Pont Apparatus for accelerating plates to high velocity
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US3572071A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Parabolic reflector antennas
RU2743176C1 (ru) * 2020-05-26 2021-02-15 Сергей Михайлович Анпилов Взрывная камера для гидровзрывной штамповки и способ изготовления взрывной камеры для гидровзрывной штамповки

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BE593413A (fr) 1961-01-26
GB925422A (en) 1963-05-08

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