US3136594A - Method of and a machine for writing - Google Patents

Method of and a machine for writing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3136594A
US3136594A US186118A US18611862A US3136594A US 3136594 A US3136594 A US 3136594A US 186118 A US186118 A US 186118A US 18611862 A US18611862 A US 18611862A US 3136594 A US3136594 A US 3136594A
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United States
Prior art keywords
writing
character
nozzle
tracing
characters
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US186118A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ascoli Enzo
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Paillard SA
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Paillard SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/105—Ink jet characterised by jet control for binary-valued deflection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/13—Ink jet characterised by jet control for inclination of printed pattern
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • Applicant has already proposed writing characters or indicia with the aid of a writing head emitting a jet of ink which is deected by electrostatic tields.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of writing on a recording surface whichconsists in, discharging from a nozzle a'jet of writing medium carrying electric charges across an atmospheric gap between the mouth of the nozzle and said surface, controlling the directional movement of the jet to trace characters on said surface by tirst electric potentials with respect to 3,136,594 Patented June 9, 1964 ice at least two coordinated axes substantially parallel to the recording surface, effecting continuous relative movement between said nozzle and said recording surface, and simultaneously correcting the directional movement of the jet by second electric potentials whose values represent at each instant the components, with respect to saidy axes, of the continuous relative movement between said surface and said nozzle whereby the characters may be traced Without deformation despite said continuous relative movement.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a construction of ywriting machine comprisingr a platen for supporting a recording surface, a writing medium discharge nozzle directed towards said platen and spaced therefrom to form an atmospheric gap between the recording surface and the mouth of said nozzle, means for establishing an electric potential difference between the nozzle and the platen to thereby produce, during operation, a jet of writing Huid from said nozzle to said recording surface across said atmospheric gap, electric potential means for controlling the directional movement of said jet with respect to at least two coordinated axes substantially parallel to the recording surface to trace characters on said recording surface, means for effecting continuous relative movement between said nozzle and said platen, and means for producing electric potentials whose values represent aty each instant the components, with respect to said axes, of said continuous relative movement thereby simultaneously to correct, during operation, the directional movement ofthe jet whereby the characters may be traced without deformation despite said continuous relative movement.
  • FIGURES l and 2 are diagrammatic graphic plots illustrating electrical potentials which are useful in some examples for carrying out the method accordinglto the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic, foreshortened, front elevational view of a portion of a machineaccording to the present invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional View taken substantially ony the line IV--IV of FIGURE 3;
  • FIGURE 5 isi a graphic illustration of several electrical potentials used in theapparatus shown in FIGURES 3 and 4;
  • FIGURES 6 and 7 are time and motion explanatory diagrams for the method and apparatus of the invention.
  • a the constant amplitude of a periodic potential vx causing a horizontal deflection of the writing head tracing, in volts
  • v the constant translationary speed of the wiring head in mm./sec.
  • vx and vy represent the horizontal and vertical component potentials of the stationary tracing in relation to the writ-y ing head.
  • T is the time available for writing a character and must be equal to, or be an integral multiple of, the longest time required to trace out a character in order that the tracing may be gone over once or a whole number of times.
  • the method described above enables the continuous Writing or repetition of the same character if the potentials vx and vy, which represent the horizontal and vertical components of the character to be traced out, are permanently applied during displacement of the Writing head at constant speed along the line being written.
  • the above example may be put into concrete form by a tested numerical example.
  • displacement may obey any law, provided that the variation in potential vx' be identical. This may be the case when it is difcult to ascertain or apply the law of displacement, for example because of friction or of flexions. In this case, it seems appropriate to read the displacements by means of a suitable transducer which determines the law of variation of the potential vx. The jumps in potential will then be supplied by adding thereto rectangular signals of appropriate value and frequency.
  • the method according to the invention may be used for writing at great speed the results issuing from an electronic ordinator.
  • control means although necessary for the operation, have been omitted since they are known to specialists in the ield of electronic ordination and, in particular, in the ordination of signals issuing from ordinators for use by existing highspeedprinting means.
  • at least one line of writing is entirely memorized at a time before being fed into the printing means and by suitable ordination several letters or characters of a line can be printed simultaneously, at the right place and at the right moment.
  • the printing means occupies a space smaller than that occupied by a normal oiiice type-writer (approximately half), exclusive of the paper roll.
  • the operation of the printing means is silent, the only mechanical movements being the continuous unrolling of the paper at a relatively low constant speed (50 mm./ sec.) and the sinusoidal oscillation at a frequency of 375 cycles/min. or 6.25 cycles/sec. of a mass weighing approximately gr. with a total amplitude of l0 mm.
  • the tracing of the characters or indicia may have any kind of outline and need not be stylized or coded.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 thirty Writing heads represented schematically at El, E2 E1 E30 are mounted on an insulator supporting bar 1, and each head comprises a nozzle 2 (FIGURE 4) and four deflecting electrodes 3. All of the tubes 4 communicate with a single ilexible tube 6 in which they are fitted in a iiuid-tight manner.
  • the conduit 5 in tube 6 is connected by a iiexible tube 7 to a writing fluid or ink reservoir 8 in which the ink at a given level creates a hydrostatic pressure h at the nozzles 2. This pressure is so adjusted in relation to the surface tension of the ink at the nozzle mouth that the ink is prevented from flowing freely out of the nozzle in the absence of an electrostatic eld.
  • the axes of the thirty writing heads have a spacing of 10 mm.
  • the bar 1 is rigidly secured at each of its ends to one end of a spring blade 9 whose other end is rigidly fixed to the frame A which is not represented in full.
  • Each electrode 3 of each head E is electrically connected by means of a short length of flexible conductor 10 to a terminal carried by a fixed terminal plate (not shown) i.e. 120 terminals, in all.
  • the output of the ordinator control means, to which is subjected the memory of each function vx and vy of each character, also terminates at the terminal plate.
  • the ink is raised to a suitable potential for emission, in relation to a metallic cylindrical platen 11 which is driven to move the paper forward at the rate of 50 mm./sec.
  • a connecting member consisting of a spring blade 13 is actuated by an eccentric 14 driven by a shaft 15.
  • This eccentric imparts to the bar 1 a sinusoidal movement having a total amplitude equal to the spacing between the axes of the writing heads, i.e. 10 mm.
  • the shaft 15 carries a helicoidal pinion 16 which cooperates With a helicoidal wheel 17 fixed to the shaft of cylinder 11 and drives the latter at a speed of 21.4 r.p.m. or 0.357 r.p.s., the transmission ratio being l7.5 l, so that the paper can be moved on a cylinder having a diameter of 44.5 mm. at a linear speed of 50 mm./ sec.; since the spacing between the lines is of 4 mm., 12.5 lines/second or 750 lines/min. are covered as a result of the advance of the paper.
  • each writing head emits a character in 20 ms. which amounts to 50 characters/sec.
  • the oscillatory movement of the bar is practically sinusoidal and is represented by curve A in FIGURE 5.
  • Maximum acceleration occurs at the dead points, i.e. at the ends of the path of travel. This can be demonstrated by a simple calculation from which the acceleration is found to be 77 mm/sec?.
  • the force of maximum acceleration (at the ends) is 102 gr. and varies linearly in relation to the path of travel x.
  • the natural frequency of an oscillating system is l n f* 21T 'lf in which K is the constant of the elastic return force and M is mass. Since and as already noted) if the tracing is to remain xed on the paper during displacement of the writing head.
  • the curve A thus represents both the displacement and the voltage variation vx' during writing.
  • the voltage represented by curve B gives rise, added to the curve A, ⁇ to the curve A+B which is representative of the voltage vx applied permanently tothe electrodes x of the writing heads, in addition to the variable functions vx and vy.
  • the shaft 15 carries the generator of the voltage represented by curve A and controls, for example magnetically or optically, the impulses for reversing the voltage represented by curve C. Since the speed of shaft 15, is moreover, synchronous with ⁇ the frequency of the input current of its motor, a purely electric synchronization can also be achieved. In the rst case, synchronization would ybe ensured independently of the rotary speed and the latter could therefore be subject to adjustment.
  • the writing head E1 moves from 1i to 2i sinusoidally and travels 1.46 mm.
  • the voltage vx must move the point of impact of tracing 1-2, which is located at 1.25 mm. away from the writing head axis for ⁇ purposes of symmetry, along x by the same distance of 1.46 mm. and according to the same sinusoidal law, i.e ⁇ . the voltage vx must have the point of impact in relation to the writing head axis from 1.25 to +0.21.
  • vx will thus vary from At that instant, vx jumps from -I- to which amounts .to a variation of 3.54/s, and then jumps from i.e. by 2.5/s in all, and so forth in accordance with the diagram of FIGURE 6 and the curve A+B of FIG- URE 5.
  • each writing head could project a tracing to a distance of 3.75 mm. on opposite sides of its ⁇ axis (see FIGURE 7), the voltage vx for a given head E, remains constant during the writing operation of each tracing l1, 2i, 3i, 41 as the head is fixed in relation to the paper in direction x and jumps abruptly by 2 5/s Volts every 20 ms.
  • the function of vX and vy are changed over at the same time.
  • Signal means luminous or otherwise, indicate, in relation to the paper, the location of the next tracing during the next actuation of a key.
  • the writing heads are stationary relatively to the paper during writing, so that the component vy is nil. There only remains the stepped component vX7-0.
  • the paper is moved forward at constant speed; the polarization vy is the same as in the preceding case, but at the end of each line, the writing of the following line can be done in the reverse direction; the order of emission of each head being then 4, 3, 2, 1.
  • the only mechanical movement is the continuous mechanical forward movement of the paper at constant speed.
  • the drawbacks due to this phenomenon can be overcome by associating with the writing head a starting target which is located outside the effective emission field, which is sufficiently large to cover the zone of dispersion, and at the centre of which is directed the jet by appropriate biasing of the dellecting plates during the l or 2 ms. which follow the starting of any emission after a stoppage of, for example, l0 seconds or more.
  • the deflection of the jet from the target to the effective emission zone is done, without interrupting the emission, by an abrupt stoppage of the polarization voltage on the target. Indeed, the time required for this change-over can easily be reduced by means knownin the electronic art to below l its.
  • a line having a certain thickness is obtained (blackening): it makes no diiterence whether the line be drawn in one stroke at a certain speed or in several strokes at a faster speed, although it is preferable to draw the line in one stroke at the slower speed because of the frequencies of the passing band of the voltages vX and vy.
  • the ratio between the length of diierent letters or characters may vary greatly (1 to 5 for the Roman alphabet). Accordingly, if the tracing of each letter is to have a constant thickness, the ⁇ period of emission allotted to writing each letter will be proportional to the length of its tracing, this being implied in a).
  • the time T is the time available, but it is not necessary for this time to be fully utilized. Indeed T will be determined having regard to the longest tracing, since the period of emission for characters having a shorter tracing can be interrupted or the start of the emission can be delayed, by emitting on to the target, it being understood that in view of the method described this emission always occurs at the same place on the paper whatever may be the instant at which the emission starts and ends during the period T.
  • the period of dellection on to the target may be a characteristic of each character in the same way as its own tracing and may be recorded in its memory.
  • a method of writing on a recording surface which consists in discharging from a nozzle a jet of writing medium carrying electric charges across an atmospheric gap between the mouth of the nozzle and said surface, controlling the directional movement of the jet to trace characters on said surface by rst electric potentials with respect to at least two coordinated axes substantially parallel to the recording surface, effecting continuous relative movement beween said nozzle and said recordingy surface, and simultaneously correcting the directional movement of the jet by second electric potentials whose values represent at each instant the components, with respect to said axes, of the continuous relative movement between said surface and said nozzle whereby the characters may be traced Without deformation laterally of said recording surface despite said continuous relative movement.
  • a writing machine comprising a platen for supporting a recording surface, a writing medium ydischarge nozzle directed Atowards said platen and spaced therefrom to form an atmospheric gap between the recording surface and the mouth of said nozzle, means for establishing an electric potential difference between the nozzle and the platen thereby to produce, durin operation, a jet of writing iiuid from said nozzle to said recording surface across said atmospheric gap, electric potentials means for controlling the directional movement of said jet with respect to at least two coordinated axes substantially parallel to the recording surface to trace characiers on said recording surface, means for effecting continuous relative movement between said nozzle and said platen, and means for producing additional electric potentials whose values represent at each instant the components, with respect to said axes, of said continuous relative movement thereby simultaneously to correct, during operation, the directional movement of the jet whereby the characters may be traced without deformation in a lateral line on said recording surface despite said continuous relative movement.
  • a machine as claimed in claim 3, comprising a plurality of nozzles and means for moving said platen at constant speed in a direction perpendicular to the lines of writing.
  • a machine as claimed in claim 6, comprising a support in which said nozzles are equidistantly mounted, said relative movement means including means for imparting to said support an oscillatory movement having an amplitude substantially equal to the distance between two adjacent nozzles.
  • a machine as claimed in claim 6, comprising a support on which said nozzles are equidistantly supported, and spring means on which said support is mounted, said relative movement means including means for imparting to said support oscillations having an amplitude substantially equal to the distance between two adjacent nozzles and a frequency substantially equal to the natural frequency of oscillation of the support on said springs.
US186118A 1961-04-14 1962-04-09 Method of and a machine for writing Expired - Lifetime US3136594A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH449561A CH375027A (fr) 1961-04-14 1961-04-14 Procédé d'ècriture et machine pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

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US3136594A true US3136594A (en) 1964-06-09

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US186118A Expired - Lifetime US3136594A (en) 1961-04-14 1962-04-09 Method of and a machine for writing

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US (1) US3136594A (de)
AT (1) AT247032B (de)
CH (1) CH375027A (de)
DE (1) DE1424827B2 (de)
ES (1) ES276699A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1004114A (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3484794A (en) * 1967-11-09 1969-12-16 Teletype Corp Fluid transfer device
US3488664A (en) * 1965-04-21 1970-01-06 Teletype Corp Ink transfer printer
US3573846A (en) * 1968-09-04 1971-04-06 Paillard Sa Plural path ink jet writing arrangement
US3688034A (en) * 1968-12-06 1972-08-29 Toshio Kashio Distortion compensation in ink jet recording
US3786516A (en) * 1970-12-16 1974-01-15 Casio Computer Co Ltd Deflection electrode device for an ink jet printing apparatus
US3925788A (en) * 1971-12-16 1975-12-09 Casio Computer Co Ltd Ink jet recording apparatus
US3925789A (en) * 1971-12-16 1975-12-09 Casio Computer Co Ltd Ink jet recording apparatus
US3938163A (en) * 1973-01-17 1976-02-10 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation Printed pattern inclination control in ink jet printer
US3972052A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-07-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Compensation apparatus for high speed dot printer
US3992712A (en) * 1974-07-03 1976-11-16 Ibm Corporation Method and apparatus for recording information on a recording surface
US4051485A (en) * 1972-10-24 1977-09-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Printing apparatus
US4258370A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-03-24 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer
US4293863A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-10-06 The Mead Corporation Ink jet printer with laterally movable print head
WO1981003149A1 (en) * 1980-05-01 1981-11-12 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Control of droplets in jet printing
WO1982003123A1 (en) * 1981-03-09 1982-09-16 Ncr Co Dot matrix printer
US4379300A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-04-05 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printing
US4379301A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-04-05 Xerox Corporation Method for ink jet printing
US4382263A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-05-03 Xerox Corporation Method for ink jet printing where the print rate is increased by simultaneous multiline printing
US4386358A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-05-31 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printing using electrostatic deflection
US4389652A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-06-21 Xerox Corporation Bidirectional ink jet printing
CN113434351A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-09-24 义乌清越光电科技有限公司 电子纸的自动检测系统

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3739395A (en) * 1971-10-12 1973-06-12 Mead Corp Liquid drop printing or coating system
JPS49118332A (de) * 1973-03-12 1974-11-12
US3877036A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-04-08 Ibm Precise jet alignment for ink jet printer
JPS549928A (en) * 1977-06-25 1979-01-25 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Ink jet recorder
DE2808429C2 (de) * 1978-02-27 1982-08-19 NCR Corp., 45479 Dayton, Ohio Tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsvorrichtung mit mehreren Aufzeichnungsköpfen

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US2577894A (en) * 1948-01-16 1951-12-11 Carlyle W Jacob Electronic signal recording system and apparatus
US2600129A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-06-10 Charles H Richards Apparatus for producing a stream of electrically charged multimolecular particles
US2628881A (en) * 1944-07-05 1953-02-17 Jr Edgar W Adams Recording method
US2894799A (en) * 1956-08-23 1959-07-14 Gen Telephone Lab Inc High speed recorder system
US2925312A (en) * 1955-09-12 1960-02-16 Hans E Hollmann Magnetic and electric ink oscillograph
US3004819A (en) * 1956-04-09 1961-10-17 Univ California Electrostatic recorder
US3023070A (en) * 1957-05-20 1962-02-27 Burroughs Corp Atmosphere for electrographic printing
US3048846A (en) * 1960-05-09 1962-08-07 Lincoln A Martin Method for processing seismograms
US3050731A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-08-21 Sinclair Research Inc Method and apparatus for preparing displays of seismic information
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3063050A (en) * 1958-12-17 1962-11-06 Texas Instruments Inc Inkless recording method

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628881A (en) * 1944-07-05 1953-02-17 Jr Edgar W Adams Recording method
US2577894A (en) * 1948-01-16 1951-12-11 Carlyle W Jacob Electronic signal recording system and apparatus
US2600129A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-06-10 Charles H Richards Apparatus for producing a stream of electrically charged multimolecular particles
US2925312A (en) * 1955-09-12 1960-02-16 Hans E Hollmann Magnetic and electric ink oscillograph
US3004819A (en) * 1956-04-09 1961-10-17 Univ California Electrostatic recorder
US2894799A (en) * 1956-08-23 1959-07-14 Gen Telephone Lab Inc High speed recorder system
US3023070A (en) * 1957-05-20 1962-02-27 Burroughs Corp Atmosphere for electrographic printing
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3063050A (en) * 1958-12-17 1962-11-06 Texas Instruments Inc Inkless recording method
US3050731A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-08-21 Sinclair Research Inc Method and apparatus for preparing displays of seismic information
US3048846A (en) * 1960-05-09 1962-08-07 Lincoln A Martin Method for processing seismograms

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488664A (en) * 1965-04-21 1970-01-06 Teletype Corp Ink transfer printer
US3484794A (en) * 1967-11-09 1969-12-16 Teletype Corp Fluid transfer device
US3573846A (en) * 1968-09-04 1971-04-06 Paillard Sa Plural path ink jet writing arrangement
US3688034A (en) * 1968-12-06 1972-08-29 Toshio Kashio Distortion compensation in ink jet recording
US3786516A (en) * 1970-12-16 1974-01-15 Casio Computer Co Ltd Deflection electrode device for an ink jet printing apparatus
US3925788A (en) * 1971-12-16 1975-12-09 Casio Computer Co Ltd Ink jet recording apparatus
US3925789A (en) * 1971-12-16 1975-12-09 Casio Computer Co Ltd Ink jet recording apparatus
US4051485A (en) * 1972-10-24 1977-09-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Printing apparatus
US3972052A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-07-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Compensation apparatus for high speed dot printer
US3938163A (en) * 1973-01-17 1976-02-10 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation Printed pattern inclination control in ink jet printer
US3992712A (en) * 1974-07-03 1976-11-16 Ibm Corporation Method and apparatus for recording information on a recording surface
US4258370A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-03-24 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer
US4293863A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-10-06 The Mead Corporation Ink jet printer with laterally movable print head
WO1981003149A1 (en) * 1980-05-01 1981-11-12 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Control of droplets in jet printing
WO1982003123A1 (en) * 1981-03-09 1982-09-16 Ncr Co Dot matrix printer
US4382263A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-05-03 Xerox Corporation Method for ink jet printing where the print rate is increased by simultaneous multiline printing
US4379300A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-04-05 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printing
US4379301A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-04-05 Xerox Corporation Method for ink jet printing
US4386358A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-05-31 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printing using electrostatic deflection
US4389652A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-06-21 Xerox Corporation Bidirectional ink jet printing
CN113434351A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-09-24 义乌清越光电科技有限公司 电子纸的自动检测系统
CN113434351B (zh) * 2021-07-02 2022-07-12 义乌清越光电科技有限公司 电子纸的自动检测系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1424827A1 (de) 1969-01-23
DE1424827B2 (de) 1971-10-07
AT247032B (de) 1966-05-25
CH375027A (fr) 1964-02-15
GB1004114A (en) 1965-09-08
ES276699A1 (es) 1962-06-16

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