US3140537A - Explosive welding process - Google Patents

Explosive welding process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3140537A
US3140537A US121196A US12119661A US3140537A US 3140537 A US3140537 A US 3140537A US 121196 A US121196 A US 121196A US 12119661 A US12119661 A US 12119661A US 3140537 A US3140537 A US 3140537A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
tube
metal tube
explosive
tubes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US121196A
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English (en)
Inventor
Popoff Alexis Alexander
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US121196A priority Critical patent/US3140537A/en
Priority to GB25246/62A priority patent/GB945452A/en
Priority to CH783362A priority patent/CH492515A/de
Priority to BE619574A priority patent/BE619574A/fr
Priority to DE19621677184 priority patent/DE1677184A1/de
Priority to LU41976D priority patent/LU41976A1/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3140537A publication Critical patent/US3140537A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • B23K20/085—Explosive welding for tubes, e.g. plugging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y10T29/49806—Explosively shaping

Definitions

  • lined tubes and pipes has been a well-established practice for many years.
  • Such composites consist of a tube or pipe, usually fabricated from a relatively inexpensive metal, to the inside wall of which is bonded a lining of a second metal which possesses certain desirable properties, e.g., high corrosion or oxidation resistance, not characteristic of the first metal.
  • the metal which forms the lining is considerably more expensive than is the metal to which it is applied.
  • a substantial economic saving is made possible by the use of thinly lined tube or pipe rather than thick-walled tube or pipe of the costlier metal.
  • this saving is greatly increased when lined tubes or pipes are employed in the construction of large pieces of equipment such as pipelines for transporting large quantities of chemicals.
  • a second advantageous feature of the use of composite tubes and pipes results from the fact that frequently the metal possessing the desired corrosion resistance or other property is lacking in the necessary tensile strength, thermal properties, or compression strength to enable it to be employed per se in applications where stresses would be encountered.
  • the structural strength, heat transfer properties, and rigidity which it may impart to the composite system represent important and valuable factors in composite assemblies.
  • the processes which involve application of a molten metal to the inner wall of a tube or pipe are limited to the bonding of metals which form alloys, one of which metals is of relatively low melting point.
  • the molten metal is often difiicult to handle, and must be protected from oxidation by working with the metal in an inert or reducing atmosphere or in a vacuum.
  • the lining produced is often of nonuniform thickness, rough, and nonductile due to the presence of deleterious, brittle intermetallic phases formed at elevated temperatures.
  • a route of compromise heat treatments must often be utilized due to possible noncompatibility of the physical natures of the dissimilar metals involved in the assembly; this would limit the usefulness of such an assembly to certain operations where the corrosive environments would not impose stringent demands upon the performance of the metals involved.
  • Composite pipes fabricated by hot-dipping and centrifugal casting may be satisfacelaborate, expensive equipment.
  • a mechanical, rather than a metallurgical, bond between the lining metal and the outer tube or pipe is eifected, lowering the heat transfer properties, the mechanical strength, and the ductility of the composite system.
  • linings for example by electroplating electroless plating and vapor deposition, is time-consuming and expensive.
  • the extensive preparation of the surface to be coated and precise control of conditions required make lining tubes or pipes of large diameter by this method uneconomical.
  • the linings may be porous, brittle, or too thin to withstand, for example, a severely corrosive atmosphere.
  • Deformation of the composite system may necessitate extensive machining operations, and there are limitations upon the number of metals which may be bonded under the pertinent conditions of a given process; for example, an alloy lining can not be de posited by electroplating or by electroless plating.
  • the inventive process for lining a metal tube which comprises the positioning of a first metal tube concentrically inside a second metal tube or pipe, the outside wall of said first metal tube being spaced from the inside wall of said second metal tube, a distance of at least 0.001 inch, positioning concentrically inside said first metal tube a linear charge of a detonating explosive having a velocity of detonation less than of the velocity of sound in that metal having the higher sonic velocity, and thereafter initiating said explosive charge.
  • a detonating explosive having a velocity of detonation less than of the velocity of sound in that metal having the higher sonic velocity
  • the adjacent walls of the two metal tubes must be separated from.
  • each other a distance at least suflicient for the explosively propelled inner tube to achieve an adequate velocity upon impact with the stationary outer tube or pipe to cause plastic deformation of the contacting surfaces.
  • a spacing of 0.001 inch between the adjacent surfaces of the two tubes represents the minimum spacing which I have found will consistently be adequate.
  • the maximum separation allowable is dependent upon the reduction of velocity of the propelled tube caused by air between the adjacent surfaces of the two tubes, and upon the physical condition and properties, e.g., ductility, of the metals involved.
  • spacings much greater than 0.001 inch are feasible. In general, however, separation of more than 0.5 inch is not convenient or necessary.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of an assembly which may be used to practice the invention and FIGURE 2 represents a schematic view illustrating the mechanics of bonding.
  • metal tube 1 is positioned concentrically inside metal tube 2, using tape 3 to maintain an air annulus 4 between the outside wall of the first tube 1 and the inside Wall of the second tube 2.
  • the taped assembly is inserted into the vertical bore of a steel block 5 which Patented July 14, 1964 is supported by steel blocks 6 and a steel slab 7.
  • the vertical bore of the steel block is lined with a layer of petrolatum 8 for ease of insertion of the taped assembly and prevention of bonding of the outside wall of the second metal tube 2 to the steel block 5.
  • a linear charge of a detonating explosive 9 is positioned concentrically inside the first metal tube 1 and is supported in place by cardboard spacers 16 glued to the ends of the taped assembly. To the upper end of the linear charge of detonating explosive 9 is attached initiator 11 having lead wires 12.
  • initiator 11 When electric current is supplied through lead wires 12, initiator 11 is actuated and initiates explosive 9.
  • the shock pressure impulse moving radially from the detonation of explosive 9 impinges on the inside wall of tube 1, the pressures impelling that portion of the tube at high velocity against the inner surface of tube 2.
  • the confinement of block 5 prevents excessive expansion of tube 2.
  • the bonded assembly is readily removed from block 5; in fact, the bonded assembly is frequently ejected by the gases formed by the detonation.
  • An assential and critical characteristic of the present invention concerns the nature of the metallic bonds which secure the metal lining to the metal tube or pipe.
  • This bond is an uninterrupted metal-to-metal bond which extends uniformly over the entire area of the adjacent surfaces of the two tubes.
  • the bond formed according to the present invention is superior to metal-to-metal bonds formed between concentric tubes or pipes by means of explosives up to the present time.
  • explosives may be used to join ends of pipes within a metal sleeve in which case a mechanical bond between the outside walls of the pipes and the inside wall of the sleeve is formed.
  • the components are deformed by the explosive pressure so that they are not readily separated by mechanical means and/ or the bond between the components is not uniform.
  • the strength of the bond formed according to the present invention Will be greater than the strength of the weaker metal.
  • the ductility of the bonded material also is comparable to that of the non-bonded tubes and may oftentimes be increased by mild heat treatment.
  • a particularly surprising and advantageous feature of the present invention is that the continuous bonding zone joining the tubes will be of essentially homogeneous composition throughout.
  • the metallurgically bonded zone is composed of a gradated sequence of compositions which are progressively richer in the metal of the tube that is closer and, conversely, progressively poorer in the metal of the tube which is farther away. If the metals being joined form a brittle intermetallic compound there is often a region in the cross-section of this heterogeneous bonding zone comprising essentially the brittle intermetallic compound alone which exerts a deleterious effect on the ductility of the composite system.
  • an explosive charge must be initiated so that the detonation is propagated essentially parallel to the wall of the inner tube.
  • the progressive impact of the inner tube on the outer tube will cause the formation of a jet along the line of intersection. This jetting will not occur if the entire charge is detonated simultaneously.
  • the dimensions of the explosive charge must be such as to extend over the entire length of the inner tube which is to be bonded to the outer tube.
  • An essential and critical feature of the present invention is the use of an explosive having a detonation velocity not greater than about of the velocity of sound in that metal of the system having the highest sonic velocity.
  • metallic component or tube of the system which in any instance may be either a solid elemental metal or a solid mixture of elemental metals, i.e., an alloy.
  • oblique shock waves ensue which interfere with the jet phenomenon referred to above and prevent formation of a good metal-to-metal bond.
  • secondary effects often result, such as distortion of the parts and cracking of the bonded zone.
  • velocity of sound and sonic velocity refer to the velocity of a plastic shock wave which forms when an applied stress just exceeds the elastic limit for unidimensional compression of the particular metal or metallic system involved.
  • This sonic velocity may be obtained by means of the relation where V is the sonic velocity in cm./sec.; K is the adiabatic bulk modulus in dynes/cm. and d is the density in g./cm. Values of K may be obtained from values of Youngs modulus, E, and Poissons ratio, by means of the relation Values of d and K or E and 'y are readily available in the literature (see for example American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957).
  • the sonic velocity may be ascertained from published values of the velocity of the plastic shock wave as a function of the particle velocity imparted to the metal by the shock wave in the manner described by R. G. McQueen and S. P. Marsh, Journal of Applied Physics, 31 (7),1253 (1960).
  • V may be obtained by carrying out shock wave measurements as described by R. G. McQueen and S. P. Marsh (loc. cit.) and in references cited by them.
  • V may be ascertained from the relation where C is the velocity of elastic compressional waves and C is the velocity of elastic shear waves in the metal.
  • the required velocities of the elastic waves may be measured by well-known methods.
  • sonic velocity values as used herein for representative metals are set forth in the following table:
  • Example 1 The explosive employed in this example was an extruded cord of a flexible explosive composition comprising 20% very fine pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 70% red lead, and, as a binder, of a 50/50 mixture of butyl rubber and a thermoplastic terpene resin [mixture of polymers of ,B-pinene of formula (C H commercially available as Piccolyte S-lO (manufactured by the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corporation).
  • C H commercially available as Piccolyte S-lO (manufactured by the Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corporation).
  • C H commercially available as Piccolyte S-lO
  • the assembly was inserted into a 12-inch vertical bore, 0.020 inch oversize with respect to the outside diameter of the carbon steel tube, in a type 1045 steel block, 10 inches in diameter by 12 inches long, supported by four steel blocks and a steel slab.
  • the 0.020-inch annulus was filled with petrolatum for ease of insertion of the assembled tubes and prevention of bonding of the outside wall of the carbon steel tube to the steel block.
  • a cord of the abovedescribed explosive about 0.5 inch in diameter and 10 inches long, having a weight distribution of 150.5 grams per linear foot, was positioned concentrically inside the stainless steel tube, extending about 1 inch beyond each end of the tube assembly, and supported in place by two cardboard spacers glued to either end of the tube assembly.
  • the explosive was subsequently initiated using a No. 6 electric blasting cap positioned at the upper end of the cord. After detonation, the stainless steel lining and the carbon steel tube were found to be firmly and uniformly bonded together to form a composite assembly. Microscopic examination revealed excellent metallurgical bonding.
  • Example 2 The materials, technique, and explosive composition of Example 1 were used to prepare another firmly and uniformly bonded composite assembly.
  • the carbon steel seamless tube which formed the outer component of the tube assembly was 8 inches long, 2.75 inches outside diameter, and 0.460 inch wall thickness. Both ends of the tube assembly were taped with waterproof tape in order to maintain a Water-tight air annulus of 0.040 inch between the walls of the two tubes.
  • a cord of the abovedescribed explosive having a weight distribution of 102.5 grams per linear foot was used.
  • the stainless steel tube was filled with water and the explosive subsequently initiated. Microscopic examination revealed excellent metallurgical bonding.
  • a pressure transfer medium of air, as described in Example 1, or of water, as described in Example 2, and a weight distribution of the above-described explosive of between approximately and 200 grams per linear foot may be prepared of the following metals: carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, Hastelloy, Monel, Inconel, Stellite, Nichrome, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, molybdenum, molybdenum alloy, tungsten, tungsten alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy.
  • the novel bonding process is applicable to a wide variety of metals, such as iron, niobium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, beryllium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, silver, platinum, gold, and their alloys, and other metals, many of which are very diificult to bond by any of the conventional techniques.
  • Two or more concentric tubes may be bonded together to form a multimetallic composite assembly.
  • Each of the tubes may be of a single metal or of an alloy of two or more individual metals, or each of the tubes may be a composite of two or more single tubes.
  • tube or pipe I mean an object of such a configuration that the transverse cross section of the surface to be bonded according to the present invention is essentially circular.
  • I do not exclude objects having relatively small irregularities in the surface to be bonded.
  • one or more of the component parts of the composite system will often be an implement or unit of equipment; for example, a lining may be bonded to the Wall of the cylindrical bore of a nozzle to be used on a pressure vessel according to the present invention.
  • the method of the present invention can be used for the simultaneous fabrication and lining of tubes of dilficultly weldable material; for example, one or more of the component parts of the assembly to be bonded may comprise a sheet of a metal rolled into a cylindrical configuration in such a manner that an overlap and an air space between the overlapping edges are provided.
  • the composite system prepared according to the present invention can be of approximately final dimensions, or, for example, a pierced billet with a relatively thick lining suitable for subsequent drawing or extruding to the desired dimensions. Theoretically, there are no limitations on the length nor on the diameter of the composite system which can be fabricated by the method of the present invention.
  • the method employed to provide the required gap be tween the walls of the component tubes is not critical. As I have shown, in a vertical assembly the tubes may be positioned concentrically and taped in place in order to maintain an air annulus between their adjacent surfaces. Also, small projections in one or both of the adjacent surfaces function quite satisfactorily. Obviously, the supporting means should not shield large areas of the adjacent surfaces of the tubes.
  • the Walls of the tubes be relatively free of surface impurities. Where surfaces are unclean, usually cleaning of the surfaces with a mild abrasive followed by flushing with a solvent is adequate to remove any impurities which would impair adhesion or result in brittle areas. However, the intense and elaborate cleaning operations required for other bonding methods are not necessary for the present process.
  • Rigid supporting means for the tube assembly is not critical to the practice of the invention; however, the presence of a supporting medium aids in avoiding distortion of the composite formed.
  • a supported forged steel block with a suitable bore because of its shock resistance and its relatively low cost, represents a satisfactory supporting means.
  • a hinged or solid steel die reinforced concrete, a combination of steel and reinforced concrete, and a combination of any of the aforementioned supporting means with sand, rock, earth, or water.
  • the assembly may be arranged vertically, as shown, or horizontally.
  • the parting composition used to separate the outside wall of the outer tube from the supporting means, and as a lubricant between these adjacent surfaces, is not critical.
  • Some alternatives to the petrolatum shown are other lubricating materials such as Vaseline, grease, and graphite.
  • This layer of inert or buffer material may comprise, for example, water, a polystyrene plastic foam, a polyester film, or tape.
  • the linear explosive charge need not be positioned absolutely concentrically with respect to the tube-assembly and the explosive composition used is not critical.
  • the alternatives to the pentaerythritol tetranitrate composition described in the examples are granular trinitrotoluene, sensitized ammonium nitrate, e.g., various mixtures of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene and soda amatol, and some dynamites confined in a linear configuration.
  • the explosive charge may be initiated by any conventional initiating device, for example, blasting cap, detonating fuse, exploding wires, etc.
  • the location of the initiation source on the linear charge is not critical provided that the entire length is not simultaneously initiated.
  • the amount of explosive used is not critical, provided a suflicient loading is present to propel the inner tube with adequate velocity to achieve the desired bonding.
  • the particular amount and loading of explosive suitable in any case will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art considering such factors as type of explosive, Wall thickness of the metal tubes, etc. Obviously, excessive explosive will cause undesirable deformation and should be avoided.
  • lined tubes and pipes have specific application in oil well tubing, automobile bearings and radiators, heat exchangers, missile fuel and gas tanks, radio tubes, waveguide tubing, rocket nozzle rings, and tubing for gas, mineral acid, power reactors, and cryogenic services.
  • composite assemblies e.g., stainless steel-, Hastelloy C-, and titanium-clad carbon steel, are desirable as fittings, such as nozzles and transition joints, for clad vessels of the same composite structures.
  • a process for bonding the outside wall of a first metal tube to the inside Wall of a second metal tube by a continuous metallurgical bond characterized by the presence of a homogeneous mixture of the metals of the two tubes to form a lined tube which comprises positioning said first metal tube essentially concentrically inside said second metal tube, the outside wall of said first metal tube being spaced from the inside wall of said second metal tube by a distance of at least 0.001 inch, positioning essentially concentrically inside said first metal tube and throughout the length of said tubes to be bonded a linear charge of a detonating explosive having a velocity of detonation of at least 1200 meters per second but less than of the velocity of sound in the metal in the system having the highest sonic velocity, and initiating said linear charge of explosive in such a manner that detonation is propagated in a direction essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said first metal tube and said second metal tube over the length of said first metal tube and said second metal tube to be bonded.
  • a process for bonding the outside wall of a first metal tube to the inside wall of a second metal tube by a metallurgical bond characterized by the presence of a homogeneous mixture of the metals of the two tubes which comprises positioning said first metal tube substantially concentrically inside said second metal tube, the outside wall of said first metal tube being spaced from the inside wall of said second metal tube by a distance of about from 0.001 to 0.5 inch, positioning substantially concentrically inside said first metal tube, spaced apart from the inside wall thereof and substantially throughout the length of said tubes to be bonded a linear charge of a detonating explosive having a velocity of detonation of about from 1200 to 5500 meters per second but less than the velocity of sound in that metal in the system with the highest sonic velocity, initiating said linear charge at one end thereof so that detonation is progagated in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said first metal tube and said second metal tube over the length of said first metal tube and said second metal tube to be bonded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
US121196A 1960-02-04 1961-06-30 Explosive welding process Expired - Lifetime US3140537A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US121196A US3140537A (en) 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Explosive welding process
GB25246/62A GB945452A (en) 1961-06-30 1962-06-29 Explosive bonding of metal tubes
CH783362A CH492515A (de) 1960-02-04 1962-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Metallkörpers
BE619574A BE619574A (fr) 1961-06-30 1962-06-29 Procédé pour relier la paroi extérieure d'un premier tube à la paroi intérieure d'un second tube
DE19621677184 DE1677184A1 (de) 1961-06-30 1962-06-29 Verfahren zur Verbindung von zwei Metallkoerpern mit Hilfe von Sprengstoff
LU41976D LU41976A1 (fr) 1961-06-30 1962-06-30

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BE (1) BE619574A (fr)
DE (1) DE1677184A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB945452A (fr)
LU (1) LU41976A1 (fr)

Cited By (44)

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US3235955A (en) * 1964-01-22 1966-02-22 Foster Wheeler Corp Explosive forming with balanced charges
US3344509A (en) * 1965-06-25 1967-10-03 Foster Wheeler Corp Method for the explosive section forming of vessels
US3364561A (en) * 1966-02-10 1968-01-23 Du Pont Explosive tube bonding
US3409969A (en) * 1965-06-28 1968-11-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of explosively welding tubes to tube plates
US3411198A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-11-19 Foster Wheeler Corp Explosive expansion of tubes into tube sheets
US3426681A (en) * 1967-06-15 1969-02-11 Combustion Eng Expansion of tubes into tube sheet by use of explosives
US3433384A (en) * 1966-08-02 1969-03-18 Reynolds Metals Co Cryogenic constructions and methods for making the same
US3434197A (en) * 1964-08-03 1969-03-25 Singer General Precision Explosive welding
US3463620A (en) * 1968-02-28 1969-08-26 Olin Mathieson Cylindrical or rod-like composite article
US3543387A (en) * 1967-12-01 1970-12-01 Euratom Method for the explosive welding of a metal plug to a metal tube or of nested portions of metal tubes to each other
US3543370A (en) * 1968-05-08 1970-12-01 Foster Wheeler Corp Method and apparatus for explosively forming a tube within a tube sheet
US3645435A (en) * 1965-08-19 1972-02-29 Aerojet General Co Means for joining metallic tubes by explosive bonding
US3650014A (en) * 1969-08-15 1972-03-21 Alexandr Fedorovich Demchuk Method of explosive welding of metal plates
US3728780A (en) * 1970-01-24 1973-04-24 Inst Science And Technology Explosive cladding on geometrically non-uniform metal material
US3744119A (en) * 1969-11-28 1973-07-10 I Hanson Method for explosively bonding together metal layers and tubes
US3761004A (en) * 1972-04-10 1973-09-25 E F Industries Assembly for explosively bonding together metal layers and tubes
US4026583A (en) * 1975-04-28 1977-05-31 Hydril Company Stainless steel liner in oil well pipe
US4136603A (en) * 1977-11-14 1979-01-30 The Foxboro Company Diaphragm assembly
US4162758A (en) * 1976-07-26 1979-07-31 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki-Kaisha Method for producing clad steel pipes
US4327859A (en) * 1977-11-22 1982-05-04 Firma Friedrich Theysohn Method of coating dual-worm extruder bores
WO1984001119A1 (fr) * 1982-09-24 1984-03-29 Babcock & Wilcox Co Procede de reparation de fuites dans des tuyaux de vaporisation
US4585374A (en) * 1979-08-16 1986-04-29 Jet Research Center Inc. High energy formed connections
US4635840A (en) * 1980-07-07 1987-01-13 Matija Cenanovic Forming method using an electromagnetically exploded filament
US4783890A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-11-15 Framatome Method of repairing a steam generator tube by means of lining
US5261591A (en) * 1990-04-11 1993-11-16 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Method of explosively bonding composite metal structures
WO2004020368A1 (fr) * 2000-11-24 2004-03-11 Sigmabond Technologies Corporation Procede de collage par explosion, composition et produit associes
US6907652B1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2005-06-21 Shell Oil Company Pipe connecting method
US20100064816A1 (en) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-18 Dario Filippi Diaphragm structure and method of manufacturing a diaphragm structure
NL1039466C2 (nl) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-16 Eric Petrus Hyacinthus Maria Eijkeren Werkwijze voor het door middel van hydro-vormen inwendig bekleden van buizen.
CN104370668A (zh) * 2014-11-21 2015-02-25 山西北化关铝化工有限公司 爆炸硬化用橡胶炸药
US20160263695A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-09-15 Volkerwessels Intellectuele Eigendom B.V. Method for Joining at Least Two Metal Workpiece Parts to Each Other by Means of Explosion Welding
US10927627B2 (en) 2019-05-14 2021-02-23 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore
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US11534871B2 (en) * 2017-04-14 2022-12-27 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Dissimilar metal joint including flame-retardant magnesium alloy layer
US11578549B2 (en) 2019-05-14 2023-02-14 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore
US11753889B1 (en) 2022-07-13 2023-09-12 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Gas driven wireline release tool
US12000267B2 (en) 2021-09-24 2024-06-04 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Communication and location system for an autonomous frack system
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US12241326B2 (en) 2019-05-14 2025-03-04 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore
US12312925B2 (en) 2021-12-22 2025-05-27 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Manually oriented internal shaped charge alignment system and method of use
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Publication number Publication date
GB945452A (en) 1964-01-02
DE1677184A1 (de) 1971-03-25
BE619574A (fr) 1962-10-15
LU41976A1 (fr) 1962-08-30

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