US3144367A - Inorganic nitrate explosive composition coated with hydrazine or guanidine compounds - Google Patents
Inorganic nitrate explosive composition coated with hydrazine or guanidine compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3144367A US3144367A US177723A US17772362A US3144367A US 3144367 A US3144367 A US 3144367A US 177723 A US177723 A US 177723A US 17772362 A US17772362 A US 17772362A US 3144367 A US3144367 A US 3144367A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium nitrate
- explosive
- nitrate
- hydrazine
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical class NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 HYDRAZINE COMPOUND Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZPTVNYMJQHSSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 ZPTVNYMJQHSSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQWUSONXYZWTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioctadecylhydrazine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HQWUSONXYZWTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQKNSZRSFDXOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(diaminomethylidene)-3-octadecylurea Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC(=O)NC(=N)N BQKNSZRSFDXOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLKRSFJCYTXIOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octadecylguanidine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN=C(N)N GLKRSFJCYTXIOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRBSSYMJCKNFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylhydrazine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNN ZRBSSYMJCKNFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
- C06B45/32—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/18—Nitrates of ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
Definitions
- ammonium nitrate has the tendency to absorb moisture and to cake. Explosive compositions containing a substantial amount of ammonium nitrate therefore often harden on storing and become difficult to handle, e.g. when a detonator is inserted into the cartridge and on loading the borehole. This tendency also causes difficulties in manufacturing the explosive and when handling in the blasting area.
- the present invention relates to explosives and propellants which contain Or are prepared from an inorganic crystalline nitrate coated with certain compounds comprising a basic nitrogen containing group and at least one hydrofobic group. It was now found that certain guanidine and hydrazine derivatives with at least one hydrofobic group e.g. a hydrocarbon chain having at least 8 carbon atoms are particularly effective to prevent the caking of ammonium nitrate.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain is preferably 12-20 e.g. a dodecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl chain.
- the ammonium nitrate used in accordance with this invention may consist of any type of ammonium nitrate which has been heretofore used for the manufacture of explosives. As those skilled in the explosives art will appreciate, this comprises ammonium nitrate of a wide range of particle sizes, density, water content, etc. The exact properties of the ammonium nitrate are not critical to the present invention.
- ammonium nitrate explosive made in accordance with the invention may also contain other ingredients, such as sensitizers, carbonaceous fuels and finely divided combustible metal powders.
- sensitizers such as explosive nitric esters, such as nitroglycerine and nitroglycol, and nitrocompounds, such as trinitrotoluene.
- carbonaceous fuels would be coal and wood flour.
- the finely divided combustible metal powder may be powdered aluminium, silicon or ferrosilicon.
- Ammonium nitrate prepared according to the invention will facilitate the preparation of pulverous ammonium nitrate explosives and the explosive will be of higher density and remain freeflowing. The tendency to absorb water and to cake will be considerably decreased. The explosive will be easier to handle and the storage properties are improved. It is also possible to fill the full diameter of the borehole and hence the blasting is improved.
- Plastic ammonium nitrate explosives are composed of crystallized ammonium nitrate suspended in a liquid, a viscous solution or a gel phase.
- various combustible componets are added, e.g. wood flour, aluminum, nitrohydrocarbons.
- the medium in which the ammonium nitrate is suspended is generally an explosive mixture, e.g. cellulose nitrate (l2.0-12.6% N) dissolved in glycerine trinitrate and ethylene glycol dinitrate, but can also be a non-explosive mixture, e.g. cellulose nitrate dissolved in nitrobenzene.
- the ammonium nitrate can be entirely or partly replaced by other oxygen containing compounds e.g. sodium. nitrate.
- plastic ammonium nitrate compositions In manufacturing plastic ammonium nitrate compositions the components are kneaded together.
- the product can be used directly but is mostly extruded through an orifice and provided with a wrapper or introduced into a suitable container.
- the coating of the ammonium nitrate with the agent prior to the distribution in the viscous phase of the explosive makes the ammonium nitrate easier to handle and to distribute evenly.
- the manufacture of plastic explosives is much facilitated.
- the plastic viscosity and the yield stress of the compositions are reduced.
- less power is required for the kneading operation and the extrusion is possible at a lower pressure or at a greater velocity.
- the maximum amount of solid ingredients in the compositions can also be increased.
- Example 1 100 g. of crystallized ammonium nitrate was mixed at 100 C. with 0.1 g. of monooctadecylhydrazine. When the temperature of the salt had fallen to 25 C. 6 g. of nitroglycol, 4 g. of wood flour and 4 g. of aluminum powder were added. The pulverous explosive had good storage properties. The free flowing and the explosive properties were unchanged after a storage of six months.
- Example 2 A number of specimens of 100 g. of crystallized ammonium nitrate were prepared. To these specimens but one 0.05 g. of an agent listed in the table below were added. Dynamite compositions of the following recipe were prepared from the various ammonium nitrate specimens.
- Example 3 100 g. of dynamite compositions defined in Example 2 were admixed with 4 g. of mononitrotoluene and thoroughly kneaded. The extrudability of the dynamite was determined at a rate of shear of 2.3 sec. and the shear stress determined was listed in the following table:
- the explosives containing the coated ammonium nitrate had improved storage properties compared with compositions containing non-treated ammonium nitrate.
- a novel explosive and propellant composition comprising particles of an inorganic nitrate, said nitrate particles having a surface coating of a compound selected from the group consisting of a substituted guanidine and hydrazine compound having at least one hydrophobic substituent having between 8 and 20 carbon atoms.
- Method of preparing explosives and propellants which comprises coating crystallized ammonium nitrate with a compound selected from the group consisting of a substituted guanidine and hydrazine compound having at least one hydrophobic substituent having between 8 and 20 carbon atoms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEN19697A DE1187166B (de) | 1961-03-07 | 1961-03-07 | Ammoniumnitrathaltige Sprengstoffe oder Treibmittel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3144367A true US3144367A (en) | 1964-08-11 |
Family
ID=7340986
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US177723A Expired - Lifetime US3144367A (en) | 1961-03-07 | 1962-03-06 | Inorganic nitrate explosive composition coated with hydrazine or guanidine compounds |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3144367A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH394007A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1187166B (de) |
| GB (1) | GB954114A (de) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6132538A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-10-17 | Autoliv Development Ab | High gas yield generant compositions |
| US6224697B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2001-05-01 | Autoliv Development Ab | Gas generant manufacture |
| US6372191B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2002-04-16 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and method of making the same |
| US6436211B1 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2002-08-20 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Gas generant manufacture |
| US6872265B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2005-03-29 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3988370A (en) * | 1970-10-08 | 1976-10-26 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Amidinoureas |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3039903A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1962-06-19 | Nitroglycerin Ab | Explosive nitrate-alkylamine composition |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL244882A (de) | 1958-10-31 |
-
1961
- 1961-03-07 DE DEN19697A patent/DE1187166B/de active Pending
-
1962
- 1962-03-06 GB GB8683/62A patent/GB954114A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-03-06 CH CH271262A patent/CH394007A/de unknown
- 1962-03-06 US US177723A patent/US3144367A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3039903A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1962-06-19 | Nitroglycerin Ab | Explosive nitrate-alkylamine composition |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6132538A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-10-17 | Autoliv Development Ab | High gas yield generant compositions |
| US6224697B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2001-05-01 | Autoliv Development Ab | Gas generant manufacture |
| US6372191B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2002-04-16 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and method of making the same |
| US6436211B1 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2002-08-20 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Gas generant manufacture |
| US6872265B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2005-03-29 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1187166B (de) | 1965-02-11 |
| CH394007A (de) | 1965-06-15 |
| GB954114A (en) | 1964-04-02 |
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