US3159076A - Process and device for the filling of shells with an explosive agent containing phosphorus - Google Patents

Process and device for the filling of shells with an explosive agent containing phosphorus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3159076A
US3159076A US860271A US86027159A US3159076A US 3159076 A US3159076 A US 3159076A US 860271 A US860271 A US 860271A US 86027159 A US86027159 A US 86027159A US 3159076 A US3159076 A US 3159076A
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agent
explosive
shell
filling
water
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Expired - Lifetime
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US860271A
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English (en)
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Meissner Heribert
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/02—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for filling in a hollow body with an agent by displacement from the body of an agent inert with respect to the agent to be filled in and to an apparatus for carrying out the process. More particularly, the instant invention relates to a process for packing a hollow body with an explosive or explosive mixture by displacement from the hollow body of an agent inert with respect to the explosive and to an electrically energized means for carrying out the process.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a process for the filling of a hollow body with asecond agent under displacement of a first agent to a predetermined level, avoiding the art disadvantages.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a process for the filling of a hollow body with a second agent under displacement of a first agent to a predetermined level, the filling being regulated and controlled by the difference in the electrical conductivities of the first and second agents.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a process permitting the uniform solidification of the second agent throughout the now filled body.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which will be suitable for use with the process of the invention.
  • Still a further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for the filling of a hollow body with a second agent under displacement of a first agent to a predetermined level, the first and second agents being of different electrical conductivities, which is electrically energized.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of one example of the device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a further example of the device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the device in accordance with the invention, illustrating the heating means for effecting solidification.
  • the process of the invention for filling a hollow body or container with a second agent, which is sensitive to air, to a predetermined level by displacement therefrom of a first agent, which is inert to said second agent and which is distinguished from the second agent by a different electrical conductivity comprises maintaining an electric current through the said first agent at the predetermined level so that, when the first agent is displaced from that level by the second agent, the flow of current through said first agent is interrupted and must now flow through said second agent, and further controlling the supply of the second agent to the hollow body in dependence upon the difference in current, as passed through said first and second agent.
  • the process of the invention is carriedv out by first filling a hollow body or container, which may be of any dimensions and shape, variable broadly according to the specific purpose for which the filled body is intended, with an inert agent.
  • the inert agent is any substance which is inert to the agent which is to displace it and which, of course, is not sensitive to contact with air.
  • the inert agent must be capable of conducting an electric current and preferably should have a higher conductivitythan the second agent, which is to serve as the displacing and filling substance.
  • Water, and preferably tap water which has more electrolytes present therein, is accordingly a good electrical conductor and is an entirely suitable inert medium according to the invention.
  • the second agent i.e. filling or displacing agent
  • examples of such substances are the readily ignitable liquid catalysts and liquid fuels so much in use today. Additional examples include the phosphorus and phosphorus-containing materials conventionally used in the explosive industry, as for instance in the manufacture of detonators, projectiles, shells, mines, etc.
  • the second agent is a poorer conductor of electrical current than the first agent, which it serves to displace.
  • the first agent is a good conductor
  • the second agent is either a semi-conductor or non-conductor of electrical current.
  • the filling of the hollow body with a second agent by displacement of a first agent is accomplished with an apparatus comprising a vertically arranged hollow body or container, provided with means responsive to difference in electrical conductivity between the first and second agent, Which means are adapted to control the supply means for introducing the second agent.
  • the means responsive to difierence in electrical conductivity between the first and second agent is a switching device, at least one pole of the circuit of which is connected with a vertically adjustable electrode.
  • This vertically adjustable electrode is adjusted within the hollow body at the height to which filling is to be effected.
  • the other pole of the circuit may be a second vertically arranged electrode of somewhat shorter length, or preferably the wall of the hollow body or container may be constructed of an electrically conductive material and be connected so as to constitute a pole of the circuit of the switching device. In this instance, it is necessary to arrange only one pole of the circuit of the switching device within the shell for contact with the first or second agent.
  • the apparatus is provided with means for longitudinally adjusting the electrode and for fixedly maintaining the same at the predetermined level.
  • the switching device further consists of a swtiching relay which regulates the circuit of the drive motor of a feed pump, which acts to supply the second agent.
  • the switching relay may also control a valve or a slide serving to reguilate the supply of second agent. If a motor drive is used, the use of a brake motor is essential, as for example a brake motor provided with a shiftable slide, so that the supply of the second agent may be cut off instantaneously.
  • the filling of the hollow body or container is to be regulated in such a manner that a further hollow body or container, as for example the detonator shell, may be inserted therein.
  • provision is to made for uniform solidification of the second agent throughout the container by supplying heat through the detonator shell. Thereby it is assured that the solidification takes place evenly, without cavity formation.
  • the outside and bottom portions are permitted to solidify first, and thereafter the inner and upper portions.
  • the invention resides in a process and apparatus for filling a hollow body or container with a second agent by displacement from the hollow body of a first agent, the first and second agents being characterized by different electrical conductivities.
  • the first and second agents serve as thebridging means for completing an electrical circuit, including a switching element which is sensitive to the difference in electrical conductivities, and which is adapted in accordance with the difference in current passed through said circuit to control the supply of the second and displacing agent.
  • the invention is not limited to this situation.
  • 1 designates a vertically arranged hollow body or container which contains the first or inert agent 3 and the second or filling agent 2, the first agent 3 and the second agent 2 being characterized by different electrical conductivities.
  • the hollow body 1 contains a level-determining means 4, supported over and within the end portion of the hollow body by guide or slide means 10.
  • the guide is provided with calibrated stop means 11 for arresting the longitudinal displacement of the level-determining means 4 at the predetermined level.
  • the electric circuit, which regulates the supply of second agent, is shown at 5, the switching device at 12 and the source of current at 13.
  • the filling of the hollow body 1 with the first or inert agent is effected by dipping the hollow body, before the level-determining means or other connections are made, into a large vessel or chamber containing the inert material. Thereafter, the level-determining means is mounted and introduced into the hollow body and adjusted so that the filling to the predetermined level will be assured.
  • the second, i.e. filling or displacing, agent is fed through supply pipe 6 from a reservoir maintained out of contact with air.
  • the supply pipe is fed from the reservoir by means of a pump 14.
  • the pump 14 is energized via the circuit designated 15.
  • the switch 16 for this circuit is activated by the switching device 12.
  • the leveldetermining means 4 comprises two poles 17 and 18,
  • the first agent 3 is a better conductor of electric current than the filling or displacing agent 2, and the electrical circuit 5 is closed, since the poles 1'7 and 18 are submerged in agent 3.
  • the two poles are making contact only with agent 3.
  • the level of the same rises.
  • the switching relays 12 and 16 react and the drive circuit 15 for the pump 14, which regulates the influx of the filling agent 2, is interrupted. 1
  • the level-determining means 4 is provided with a contact plate at its lower edge, shown at 19, which constitutes one pole of the circuit 5.
  • the casing of the hollow body 1, made of an electrically conductive material, serves as the second pole of the circuit 5.
  • FIG. 3 the feature of the invention, which assures that such uniform solidification takes place, is shown.
  • the hollow body 1 in FIG. 3 is shown in the approximately normally filled condition, in which it is almost filled with the filling agent 2, and only a very thin layer of the inert agent 3 remains on top of agent 2.
  • a second hollow body or shell 7 has been inserted into the hollow body 1 in such a manner that its bottom end is submerged below the surface of filling agent 2.
  • the hollow body or shell 7 is then screwed firmly into place. If there is required to be inserted into the solidified mass of agent 2, in addition to the shell 7, a further body, as for example the body depicted by reference numeral 20, then a corresponding prop or the actual body 21) itself is first inserted.
  • An outlet for gases and for inert agent 3 is provided in the collar of shell 7 at 21. This outlet allows for the removal of the inert agent 3 so that the residual amount thereof remaining will not interfere with the uniform solidification process, which is to follow, and so that no prior drawing off of the residual inert agent 3 is required.
  • the surface level of the filling agent 2 is caused to be lowered, since the solidification of the filling agent 2 is effected with shrinkage within small limits. This permits the filling up of any small cavities which may be present throughout the filling agent mass.
  • the solidification takes place in a direction from the exterior toward the interior portions and from the bottom of the filling agent mass toward the top portion.
  • the upper and inner portions of the filling agent mass are kept soft and fluid so as to permit the escape of any gas inclusions present therein. The gases are easily vented either through the small opening in the neck of the shell 7 or through an opening (not shown) provided in the space above the thin layer of inert agent 3.
  • An advantage of maintaining the upper part of the filling agent mass in a soft condition is that good firm contact may be maintained between the wall of the shell 7 and the filling mass, which might otherwise not be pos sible due to the shrinkage of the material brought about by the heat treatment.
  • the detonator may be inserted into the shell 7 or the shell 7 may be removed and replaced by a detonator or equal measurements or similar dimensions. In this connection it is preferable to follow the first mentioned method, that is, to insert the detonator into the shell 7.
  • a casing made of stainless steel of oval shape is filleo with water.
  • An electrode is inserted into the casing to a height about the middle of the height of the casing.
  • phosphorus is admitted through a feed line in the absence ofair.
  • electric current stops flowing because of the diflference in electrical conductivity between water and phosphorus.
  • the level-determining means is removed and a detonator casing is screwed firmly into the top of the oval body.
  • the detonator casing is filled with water and provided with a conventional heating element. When solidification has been completed, the heating element is removed, as well as any water which is still present in the detonator shell, and the detonator is screwed into the shell.
  • hollow body has been used throughout the specification to indicate a container, shell or casing. This term has been used even when the hollow body or casing is in the filled condition, as for example filled with the inert agent. This has been done so as to avoid confusion.
  • Process for filling shells with an explosive agent under exclusion of air and thereafter effecting the substantially uniform solidification of said explosive agent which comprises filling said shell with Water capable of conducting an electric current to at least a predetermined level, supplying an explosive agent having an electrical conductivity differing from that of said water to said shell containing said water under exclusion of air so as to displace said water to above said predetermined level, by the steps of maintaining an electric current through said water at said predetermined level so that when the water is displaced above that level by said explosive agent the said current is maintained through said explosive agent, controlling the supply of said explosive agent to said shell in dependence on the change of current passed through the Water and said explosive agent, supplying heat in the absence of air to the central and upper portions of said explosive agent, whereby the central and upper portions of said explosive agent are heated and the outer and lower portions of said explosive agent have substantially completely solidified, and thereafter in the absence of air corn pleting the solidification.
  • Process for filling shells with an explosive agent containing phosphorus under exclusion of air and thereafter eifecting the substantially uniform solidification of said explosive agent which comprises filling said shell with water capable of conducting an electric current to at least a predetermined level, supplying an explosive agent containing phosphorus, having an electrical conductivity differing from that of said water to said shell containing said water under exclusion of air so as to displace said water to above said predetermined level,'by the steps of maintaining an electric current through said water at said predetermined level so that when the Water is displaced above that level by said explosive agent containing phosphorous the said current is maintained through said explosive agent containing phosphorus, controlling the supply of said explosive agent containing phosphorus to said shell in dependence on the change of current passed through the water and said explosive agent containing phosphorus, whereby said explosive agent containing phosphorus fills said shell to above said predetermined level, a thin layer of water remaining on top of said explosive agent containing phosphorus, inserting through said explosive agent containing phosphorus a second shell-like
  • Apparatus for filling a shell with an explosive agent under exclusion of water comprising a shell serving as a container for water and thereafter for an explosive agent having an electrical conductivity differing from that of water and for effecting substantial uniform solvency of said explosive agent, means for feeding said explosive agent to said container so as to displace the water filling said container therefrom, electrical means for controlling the feed of said explosive agent, an electric circuit including said electrical means, a source of current and means for conducting current through said Water and said explosive agent at least one electrode positioned at a predetermined level within said container, said means for controlling the feed of said explosive agent being responsive to the change in current conducted through said water and said explosive agent for cutting off the supply of said explosive agent, and means for supplying heat in the absence 7 of air to the central and upper regions of said shell disposed within said shell.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said means for supplying heat include a second shell-like body which may be securely fastened into the upper portion of said first-mentioned shell.
  • Process for filling shells with an explosive agent containing phosphorus which comprises maintaining a body of water within the shell to at least a predetermined level, maintaining an electrode within the shell in the water at the level to which the shell is to be filled with the explosive, passing an electric current from the electrode through the water, passing an explosive agent containing phosphorus having an electrical conductivity differing from 8 that of water into the shell so as to fill the shell and displace the water, interrupting the supply of the explosive when the electric current passing from the electrode changes as caused by the explosive contacting the electrode, inserting a second shell-like body into the upper central portion of the explosive and applying heat to the explosive through said second shell-like body to thereby allow the explosive to solidify gradually from the outer and lower portions to the inner and upper portions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US860271A 1958-12-20 1959-12-17 Process and device for the filling of shells with an explosive agent containing phosphorus Expired - Lifetime US3159076A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT882558A AT207735B (de) 1958-12-20 1958-12-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Füllen eines Hohlkörpers mit einem Medium - z. B. Phosphor - unter Verdrängung eines andern
AT882658A AT214813B (de) 1958-12-20 1958-12-20 Verfahren zum Füllen von Hohlkörpern mit Phosphor bzw. mit phosphorhaltigen Stoffen

Publications (1)

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US3159076A true US3159076A (en) 1964-12-01

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US860271A Expired - Lifetime US3159076A (en) 1958-12-20 1959-12-17 Process and device for the filling of shells with an explosive agent containing phosphorus

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3159076A (de)
AT (2) AT207735B (de)
BE (1) BE585798A (de)
CH (1) CH378733A (de)
ES (1) ES253935A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1242776A (de)
GB (1) GB880664A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426643A (en) * 1967-08-24 1969-02-11 Thiokol Chemical Corp Electro-monitoring method and apparatus
US3967527A (en) * 1975-07-11 1976-07-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of producing a cavity in the bursting charge of a high explosive projectile
US4760795A (en) * 1985-10-22 1988-08-02 Royal Ordnance Plc Explosive projectiles
EP0249273A3 (de) * 1986-06-10 1988-08-24 FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme Verfahren zum Ermitteln des Vorhandenseins eines Treibladungs- oder Brennpulvers in einer Munition und Vorrichtung dafür
US4945834A (en) * 1985-10-22 1990-08-07 Royal Ordnance Plc Explosive projectiles

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3528609A1 (de) * 1984-08-28 1986-03-13 Oregon Etablissement für Patentverwertung, Mauren Verfahren zur herstellung eines granatenkoerpers

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1011511A (en) * 1911-01-14 1911-12-12 Du Pont Powder Co Funnel for charging containers for bursting charges with fused explosives.
US1346898A (en) * 1916-02-07 1920-07-20 Kingsbury John Mclean Fluid-flow-control mechanism
US1520004A (en) * 1920-12-01 1924-12-23 Bloch Franz Georg Level-indicating device
US1858456A (en) * 1928-01-25 1932-05-17 James E Mills Phosphorus container
US2110313A (en) * 1935-05-11 1938-03-08 Bender Warrick Corp Electrical control
US2202197A (en) * 1935-12-03 1940-05-28 Gordon E Ewertz Gauge and control apparatus for liquid containers
GB617911A (en) * 1946-05-16 1949-02-14 Stanley James Smith Improvements relating to apparatus for controlling the distribution of fuel in aircraft
US2960600A (en) * 1958-08-11 1960-11-15 Staples & Company Ltd Helical spring forming apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1011511A (en) * 1911-01-14 1911-12-12 Du Pont Powder Co Funnel for charging containers for bursting charges with fused explosives.
US1346898A (en) * 1916-02-07 1920-07-20 Kingsbury John Mclean Fluid-flow-control mechanism
US1520004A (en) * 1920-12-01 1924-12-23 Bloch Franz Georg Level-indicating device
US1858456A (en) * 1928-01-25 1932-05-17 James E Mills Phosphorus container
US2110313A (en) * 1935-05-11 1938-03-08 Bender Warrick Corp Electrical control
US2202197A (en) * 1935-12-03 1940-05-28 Gordon E Ewertz Gauge and control apparatus for liquid containers
GB617911A (en) * 1946-05-16 1949-02-14 Stanley James Smith Improvements relating to apparatus for controlling the distribution of fuel in aircraft
US2960600A (en) * 1958-08-11 1960-11-15 Staples & Company Ltd Helical spring forming apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426643A (en) * 1967-08-24 1969-02-11 Thiokol Chemical Corp Electro-monitoring method and apparatus
US3967527A (en) * 1975-07-11 1976-07-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of producing a cavity in the bursting charge of a high explosive projectile
US4760795A (en) * 1985-10-22 1988-08-02 Royal Ordnance Plc Explosive projectiles
US4945834A (en) * 1985-10-22 1990-08-07 Royal Ordnance Plc Explosive projectiles
EP0249273A3 (de) * 1986-06-10 1988-08-24 FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme Verfahren zum Ermitteln des Vorhandenseins eines Treibladungs- oder Brennpulvers in einer Munition und Vorrichtung dafür

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH378733A (de) 1964-06-15
ES253935A1 (es) 1960-06-16
GB880664A (en) 1961-10-25
FR1242776A (fr) 1961-01-06
BE585798A (fr) 1960-04-19
AT214813B (de) 1961-04-25
AT207735B (de) 1960-02-25

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