US3162995A - Method of processing monofilament yarn - Google Patents

Method of processing monofilament yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3162995A
US3162995A US137382A US13738261A US3162995A US 3162995 A US3162995 A US 3162995A US 137382 A US137382 A US 137382A US 13738261 A US13738261 A US 13738261A US 3162995 A US3162995 A US 3162995A
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Prior art keywords
yarns
yarn
false twisting
coils
false
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Expired - Lifetime
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US137382A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marvin H Comer
Carl W Thomas
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Deering Milliken Research Corp
Milliken Research Corp
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Milliken Research Corp
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Priority to US137382A priority Critical patent/US3162995A/en
Priority to CH1070862A priority patent/CH409228A/de
Priority to NL283079A priority patent/NL283079A/nl
Priority to CA683548A priority patent/CA683548A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/028—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by twisting or false-twisting at least two filaments, yarns or threads, fixing the twist and separating the filaments, yarns or threads

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method of processing monofilament thermoplastic yarn to produce a stretchable yarn having balanced torque and more particularly to a method of producing a stretchable monofilament yarn, such as nylon, which is characterized by a series of small closely spaced substantially uniform springlike helical coils and in which the rotational direction of the coils reverses periodically to thereby balance the torque in the yarn and make it particularly adaptable for the single-feed knitting of stretchable articles of clothing, such as ladies sheer hosiery and the like.
  • thermoplastic yarn such as nylon
  • monofilament nylon yarns have been hi hly twisted, heat-set and untwisted to produce a lively or torque yarn which causes the knit stitches of the fabric to distort and produce elasticity in the fabric.
  • Monofilament thermoplastic yarns also have been crimped by means of gears, crimping wheels or the use of a stuffing box. Curl or crimp has also been impar ed to yarn by drawing it over a heated sharpened blade, or around heated cylindrical objects. It is also known to twist yarns together and heat-set them in the twisted-together condition to form helical curls or coils therein.
  • edge crirnped yarn has balanced torque, uniformity of coil size is difficult to maintain because of variations in the tension of the yarn and the blade cannot be maintained at a constant degree of sharpness. Also, in this process, portions of the yarn which engage the blade are subjected to more heat, and consequently the yarn is not uniformly heat-set throughout its diameter and the curls or coils can be removed if the yarn is placed under very high tension which is close to the breaking point of the yarn. Additionally, the drawin of the yarn over the sharpened blade must be continuous and, if stopped for any reason, such as yarn breakage, the processed yarn must be doifed and cannot be knotted and continued after yarn breakage. Hosiery knit of this type yarn requires excessive agitation in the finishing in order to fully develop the curls or coils.
  • thermoplastic yarns be subjected to first and second false twisting operations to produce a torque-free or balanced torque stretchable yarn which may be utilized to knit fabric in a single-feed manner. These two false twisting operations are superimposed in opposite directions to balance the torsional stress in the yarn and produce a yarn which has a generally wavy appearance.
  • this procedure has not been utilized to produce a helical, spring-like yarn having closely spaced coils and balanced torque.
  • the uniform loops or coils of the yarn provide uniform stretch in the hosiery and give a bulky appearance with the relaxed and finished fabric having a somewhat pebbled or creped appearance.
  • the foregoing objects as well as other objects are generally accomplished by false twisting a single pair of monofilament thermoplastic yarns in a first direction at a relatively high number of turns, within the range of from 85 to 126 turns per inch, while subjecting the same to a relatively high temperature, then false twisting the same pair of yarns in an opposite direction while reducing the number of turns by approximately one-third and the amount of heat by substantially one-fifth during the second false twisting operation, then separating the yarns and Winding the separated yarns onto separate take-up bobbins.
  • FIGURE 1 is a somewhat schematic isometric view of the preferred type of apparatus for carrying out the first false twisting operation of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary View of the pair of strands of monofilament yarns after the first false twisting operation, the yarns being in partially relaxed position and each strand having a strong tendency to kink and curl upon itself, due to the torsional stress therein;
  • FIGURE 3 is a somewhat schematic isometric view of the preferred type of apparatus for carrying out the second false twisting operation and illustrating the manner in which the two separate monofilament strands are separated and then taken up on separate take-up bobbins;
  • FIGURE 4 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary view greases of one of the yarns in relaxed condition after it has been false twisted in the second operation;
  • FIGURE is a somewhat schematic isometric view of the preferred type of winding machine which is utilized to transfer the processed yarn of the present invention from the take-up bobbins to suitable bobbins for knitting;
  • FIGURE 6 is a View of the yarn shown in FIGURE 4 after the same has been immersed in boiling water for three minutes and illustrating the manner in which the size of the loops or coils is decreased and the number of coils per inch is also increased;
  • FIGURE 7 is a greatly enlarged transverse vertical sectional view through the monofilament thermoplastic yarn before it is processed, being taken along the line 77 in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 8 is a greatly enlarged transverse sectional view through the yarn after it has been processed in accordance with the present invention, illustrating the flattened condition of the yarn;
  • FIGURE 9 is a. greatly enlarged elevation of the upper end of the false twist spindle used in processing the yarn
  • FIGURE 10 is a vertical sectional view taken through the center of that portion of the false twist spindle shown in FIGURE 9;
  • FIGURE 11 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary portion of the knit fabric illustrating the distortion of the stitch loops before the knit fabric is finished;
  • FIGURE 12 is a view similar to FIGURE 11 but illustrating the distortion of the stitch loops after the knit fabric is finished.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with a method of processing those monofilament thermoplastic yarns which fall within the range of from about 10 denier to 30 denier and which are most commonly utilized to knit ladies sheer hosiery and the like.
  • the number of turns imparted is within the range of from 85 to 126 turns per inch in one direction
  • the number of turns is within the range of from 57 to 84 turns per inch in the opposite direction.
  • the false twisted yarns are subjected to a temperature within the range of from 415 F. to 425 F. in the first false twisting operation while the yarns are subjected to a temperature of from 340 F. to 360 F. in the second false twisting operation.
  • the pair of monofilament yarns After the pair of monofilament yarns have been processed through the first and second false twisting operations and separated, they each have a series of convolutions or coils which are spring-like in appearance and the coils or loops are of uniform size with an adajcent group of the loops being formed in one direction and the next group of loops being formed in an opposite direction, the number of loops in each group varying before a reversal point is reached.
  • each filament is very lively and contains a great deal of torque and will kink and twist upon itself when relaxed, however, after the yarn is processed through the second false twist operation, the torque is balanced and contains uniform loops which periodically reverse their direction along the length of the yarn.
  • the yarn is maintained straight and after the knit loops are shed from the needles, the stitch loops are somewhat distorted in an irregular manner as the yarn attempts to return to the original coiled position.
  • the stitch loops are very distorted and some of the stitch loops will distort toward one face of the fabric, others will distort or bow or bend toward the opposite face of the fabric, while other stitch loops will distort in opposite directions parallel to the suraces of the fabric so that the relaxed fabric has a somewhat pebbled or creped bulky appearance.
  • thermoplastic yarns which are commercially available and which may be rendered stretchable according to the present method and while the present application is particularly concerned with nylon, other yarns having similar characteristics may be utilized.
  • Yarns, such as nylon are substantially round or circular in cross-section before processing and it has been found tr at the processing of these yarns in accordance with the present method causes the same to become flattened or somewhat rectangular in cross-section. It is believed that the yarns are flattened because they are initially twisted together to a relatively high degree and heated close to the melting point so that they flatten against each other. Also, the yarn is contracted about 14% due to the high twist, and has about shrinkage during this process.
  • FIGURE 1 schematically illustrates the apparatus used to false twist the yarns in the first operation.
  • the drawing shows only one section of a slightly modified conventional false twist machine of the type which is known as the Model 551 Superloft machine manufactured by Leesona Corporation.
  • a pair of monofilament thermoplastic yarns Y and Y are withdrawn from respective yarn supply pirns and 21 which are suitably supported on the lower portion of the machine.
  • the yarns Y and Y are in the condition received from the yarn producer and are withdrawn directly from the pirns 2d and 21 on which the yarn is wound by the producer.
  • the yarns are round in cross-section as they are drawn from the pirns 2d and Zl, before processing.
  • the pair of yarns Y and Y pass upwardly through a common guide eye 22 where they are joined together and guided through a pair of tension disks 23.
  • the yarns then pass beneath a yarn guiding element 24 and then are wound around a driven feed roll 25.
  • the yarns Y and Y extend upwardly pass through a yarn receiving groove 26 in a heater block 27,
  • the yarns Y and Y pass over a yarn guide element 3% and into a false twist spindle 3i which is rotated by a belt 32.
  • the upper end of the false twist spindle 31 is provided with a small exit pin 33 which is tapered inwardly toward the center from each end and which is formed of a hard ceramic material, such as alsimag.
  • the center diameter of the pin 33 is small, on the order of .030 of an inch.
  • the machine is set up to drive the false twist spindle 31 at a speed of 147,000 revolutions per minute by the belt 32.
  • the speed of the feed roll 25 and the take up roll 38 is adjusted to impart between 85 and 126 turns per inch of false twist to the yarns in one direction.
  • the temperature of the heater block 27 is maintained between 415 F. and 425 F. and the tension disks 23 are adjusted to apply substantially 3 to 4 grams of tension on the yarns Y and Y after they are drawn from the supply pirns. From 6 /2 to 7 grams of tension is maintained in the yarns as they pass through the heater block 27 and approximately 8 to 14 grams of tension is maintained in the yarns as they are wound onto the take-up spool 37.
  • the speed of the feed roll 25 and the take-up roll 38 are adjusted to apply from overfeed to approximately 6.2% overfeed.
  • the exact number of turns of false twist imparted, the temperature of the heater and the amount of overfeed have been determined for yarns of different deniers and these are set forth later.
  • the take-up spool 37 is used as the supply spool on a second Model 551 Superloft machine which has been slightly modified to again false twist the yarns.
  • the spool bobbin 37 is rotated by a drive roll 4! as the yarns Y and Y are withdrawn therefrom and guided over a bar 41 which has been attached to and spaced above the usual traversing bar 42 of the machine.
  • the yarns are guided downwardly from the bar 41 and pass beneath a grooved guide pulley 43 which is supported on the forward end of a support arm 44.
  • the yarns are guided from the pulley 43, beneath a yarn guide element 45 and wrapped around a feed roll 4d.
  • the yarns are passed upwardly through a yarn receiving groove 47 in a heater block 50. From the heater block St), the yarns pass upwardly beneath a yarn guide element 51 and through a false twist spindle 52 which is rotated by a driving belt 53.
  • the yarns leave the false twist spindle 52, they are separated, as at 54, and engage spaced apart grooved guide pulleys 55 and 56 which are supported on and beneath a conventional traversing bar 6t). From the pulleys 55 and 56, the yarns Y and Y pass through guide blocks 61 and 62 supported on the traversing bar at and they are then wound onto separate respective take-up bobbins or spools 64 and 65 which are rotated by respective driving rolls 66 and 67.
  • the machine is set up to drive the false twist spindle 52 at a speed of 90,000 revolutions per minute by the belt 53.
  • the speed of the rolls 40, 4-6, 60 and 67 is adjusted to impart between 57 and 84 turns per inch of false twist to the yarns in a direction opposite the twist imparted in the first false twisting operation while providing from 0% to 6.2% overfeed.
  • the heater block temperature is maintained between 340 F. and 360 F. during this second false twisting operation.
  • the machine is set up to pro vide 3 to 4 grams of tension in the yarn from the supply spool 37 to the feed roll 46, from 2 to 3 grams at the heater block 50, from 12 to 14 grams above the false twist spindle 52 and from 10 to 12 grams as the yarns are wound onto the separate take-up spools 64 and 65.
  • the yarns pass through the second false twisting spindle 6 52, they are again passed around an exit pin which is similar to the exit pin 33, shown in connection with the false twisting spindle 31 used in the first false twisting operation.
  • the yarn strand Y is shown after it is removed from the take-up spool 64 and allowed to relax.
  • the coils are substantially uniform in size and the coils adjacent opposite ends of the yarn shown in FiGURE 4 rotate in one direction and then reverse their directions, at the points indicated at 70, and the coils in the medial portion of the yarn shown in FIGURE 4 rotate in the opposite direction. This reversal of the direction of rotation of the coils in the yarn occurs periodically throughout the length of the yarn and the overall torque of resulting yarn is balanced so that it can be knit single-feed to form ladies sheer hosiery and the like.
  • the yarns are wound onto the spools 64, 65, they are placed on a suitable winding machine, such as a Speedex machine of the type manufactured by Fletcher Works of Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.
  • the spool 64 is shown in position at the lower end of the winding apparatus (FIGURE 5) and is provided with aluminum guide cap 72 which is positioned to cover the upper end of the spool 64.
  • the yarn Y is drawn upwardly from the spool 64 and passes through a guide eye73, over a guide rod 74, over a revolving applicator 75 which is running in a trough 76 filled with a lightweight oil which adds to the evenness of the curls, the oil being of a type that allows the yarn to relax more readily to its position to the originally set curls.
  • the yarn Y passes from the roll 75 through a guide wire member 77 and upwardly through a guide block 73 which is supported on a traversing bar- 79. The yarn then passes through the slot of a slub catcher blade 8i) which is supported on the bar 79 behind the guide block 78. The yarn Y is then wound onto a suitable tube 81 which is then used as a supply bobbin on the knitting machine.
  • the Winding operation shown in FIGUREJ is carried out to lubricate the yarn and to place it on a supply tube by what is known as a filling wind so that it may be easily withdrawn during knitting on a circular knitting machine.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with a method of processing monofilament thermoplastic yarns which range from 10 to 30 denier and are suitable for knitting sheer fabrics, such as ladies sheer hosiery and the like.
  • the number of turns imparted in each of the false twisting operations, the temperature and the amount of overfeed is important, and it has been found that these factors must be carefully controlled to produce a satisfactory yarn. Specific examples which produce satisfactory yarns are set forth in the following charts:
  • the yarn shown in FIGURE 6 represents the appearance of the yarn of the present invention when its elasticity has been fully developed in hot water. As shown in FIGURE 6, the loops or coils are closer together than the coils of the yarn shown in FIGURE 4 and the coils of the yarn of FEGURE 6 are smaller than the coils of the yarn of FIGURE 4.
  • the fragmentary portion of fabric shown in FZGURE 11 is greatly enlarged and illustrates the appearance of the stitch loops immediately after the fabric is knit from the yarn formed in accordance with the method of the present invention and it will be noted that there is only a slight distortion of the lrnit stitch loops. Also, this view clearly brings out the flat nature of the yarns.
  • thermoplastie yarn to produce a plurality of small closely spaced, substantially uniform, spring-like helical coils therein, the rotational direction of said coils periodically reversing along the length of the yarn to balance the overall torque of the yarn and provide a stretchable yarn suitable for single-feed knitting of hosiery and the like, said method comprising the steps of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US137382A 1961-09-11 1961-09-11 Method of processing monofilament yarn Expired - Lifetime US3162995A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US137382A US3162995A (en) 1961-09-11 1961-09-11 Method of processing monofilament yarn
CH1070862A CH409228A (de) 1961-09-11 1962-09-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermoplastischen einfädigen, zum Wirken von Strümpfen geeigneten dehnbaren Garnen
NL283079A NL283079A (nl) 1961-09-11 1962-09-11 Werkwijze voor het behandelen van een monofilamentgaren
CA683548A CA683548A (en) 1961-09-11 1963-01-01 Method of processing monofilament yarn

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3298169A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-01-17 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method for processing yarn
US3306023A (en) * 1967-02-28 Process for forming twisted fibre assemblies
US3355872A (en) * 1963-12-20 1967-12-05 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Methods and apparatus for crimping yarns
US3383850A (en) * 1965-08-06 1968-05-21 Ratti Michele Method for fixing one or more previously twisted or coiled yarns or the like during unwinding thereof, particularly applicable to alteration of textureized yarn
US3396529A (en) * 1965-01-13 1968-08-13 Heberlein Patent Corp Elastic yarn process and product
US3423924A (en) * 1967-11-20 1969-01-28 Alamance Ind Inc Method of false-twisting thermoplastic yarn
US3496715A (en) * 1968-02-23 1970-02-24 Joseph Fitton Filament and method of forming same
US3500628A (en) * 1964-09-14 1970-03-17 American Enka Corp Torque yarn
US3602014A (en) * 1968-05-31 1971-08-31 Allied Chem Ladies hosiery of improved stretch properties made from bifilament yarns
US4180968A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-01-01 Courtaulds Limited Composite yarn and method of forming said yarn

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2777276A (en) * 1953-05-11 1957-01-15 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method and apparatus for false twisting yarn
GB788944A (en) * 1955-01-31 1958-01-08 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of stretch/bulk yarn by false twisting yarn of synthetic organic material
US2881504A (en) * 1953-02-24 1959-04-14 Billion & Cie Process for crimping textile threads

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881504A (en) * 1953-02-24 1959-04-14 Billion & Cie Process for crimping textile threads
US2777276A (en) * 1953-05-11 1957-01-15 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method and apparatus for false twisting yarn
GB788944A (en) * 1955-01-31 1958-01-08 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of stretch/bulk yarn by false twisting yarn of synthetic organic material

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3306023A (en) * 1967-02-28 Process for forming twisted fibre assemblies
US3355872A (en) * 1963-12-20 1967-12-05 Klinger Mfg Co Ltd Methods and apparatus for crimping yarns
US3500628A (en) * 1964-09-14 1970-03-17 American Enka Corp Torque yarn
US3298169A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-01-17 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method for processing yarn
US3396529A (en) * 1965-01-13 1968-08-13 Heberlein Patent Corp Elastic yarn process and product
US3383850A (en) * 1965-08-06 1968-05-21 Ratti Michele Method for fixing one or more previously twisted or coiled yarns or the like during unwinding thereof, particularly applicable to alteration of textureized yarn
US3423924A (en) * 1967-11-20 1969-01-28 Alamance Ind Inc Method of false-twisting thermoplastic yarn
US3496715A (en) * 1968-02-23 1970-02-24 Joseph Fitton Filament and method of forming same
US3602014A (en) * 1968-05-31 1971-08-31 Allied Chem Ladies hosiery of improved stretch properties made from bifilament yarns
US4180968A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-01-01 Courtaulds Limited Composite yarn and method of forming said yarn

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Publication number Publication date
CA683548A (en) 1964-03-31
CH409228A (de) 1965-11-30
NL283079A (nl) 1965-01-11

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