US3168004A - Cold finishing of metal - Google Patents

Cold finishing of metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3168004A
US3168004A US194142A US19414262A US3168004A US 3168004 A US3168004 A US 3168004A US 194142 A US194142 A US 194142A US 19414262 A US19414262 A US 19414262A US 3168004 A US3168004 A US 3168004A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
work
shaving
temperature
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US194142A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jr George Zavodny
Morman N Bryer
Elliot S Nachtman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lasalle Steel Co
Original Assignee
Lasalle Steel Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lasalle Steel Co filed Critical Lasalle Steel Co
Priority to US194142A priority Critical patent/US3168004A/en
Priority to AT378263A priority patent/AT256587B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3168004A publication Critical patent/US3168004A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D79/00—Methods, machines, or devices not covered elsewhere, for working metal by removal of material
    • B23D79/12—Machines or devices for peeling bars or tubes making use of cutting bits arranged around the workpiece, otherwise than by turning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C43/00—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass
    • B21C43/02—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B5/08—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning axles, bars, rods, tubes, rolls, i.e. shaft-turning lathes, roll lathes; Centreless turning
    • B23B5/12—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning axles, bars, rods, tubes, rolls, i.e. shaft-turning lathes, roll lathes; Centreless turning for peeling bars or tubes by making use of cutting bits arranged around the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
    • B23P25/003—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress immediately preceding a cutting tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/50—Planing
    • Y10T409/50082—Process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/50—Planing
    • Y10T409/50328—Means for shaving by blade spanning work surface
    • Y10T409/503608—Circumferential surface

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the cold finishing of metals and more particularly to the removal of surface metal from wire, bars, rods and the like metal structures of repeating cross-section in long lengths.
  • a shaving tool in tandem arrangement with a draw die having the space in between filled with a lubricating liquid under atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure.
  • the shaving tool operates to remove metal from the surface portions of the work in preparation of the work for advancement through the draw die to take a reduction in cross-sectional area as in a conventional cold finishing operation.
  • the material being removed by the shaving tool builds up on the shaving edge of the shaving tool and that this built-up edge displaces the tool as the shaver of the material being advanced therethrough.
  • the built-up edge represents workpiece material that has become strain hardened by the work performed in the removal of the chip.
  • the strain hardened material appears to become welded onto the edge of the shaving tool in such a manner that it is this material that does the shaving of the softer work material advanced through the shaving tool. Because of the buildup on the shaving edge, it becomes difiicult to hold the metal removal to the desired tolerances.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partially in section, of a tool assembly embodying the features of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, showing a modification in the shaving tool.
  • the build-up of work material on the shaving edge of the tool is avoided or minimized when the metal being removed is heated sufiiciently during removal to soften the metal to minimize and preferably avoid the strain hardness which otherwise is normally introduced into the metal by deformation performed during shaving at Work advancement speeds, usually lower than about 200 feet per minute.
  • These conditions can be achieved in a simple and efiicient manner by causing the material being shaved from the surface of the work to be heated during shaving to the temperature near or preferably within or corresponding to the hot working region for the metal to be worked.
  • this temperature will be above 700 F. and preferably above 1100 F. Corresponding temperatures can be determined for other steels and metals.
  • the additional heat required to raise the metal being removed to a temperature near or preferably within or corresponding to the hot working region for the metal to be worked, and thereby avoid or minimize a build-up of metal on the shaving edge is achieved by the work performed during the removal of the surface metal by the shaving tool.
  • the design, or geometry and material, of the shaving tool is considered to be extremely important to obtain the desired results.
  • the geometry of the shaving tool is also particularly important to keep the work from wandering during passage through the shaving tool.
  • the geometry is the rake angle.
  • the rake angle should have a value of 70 to +20 and preferably 5 to +5.
  • the clearance angle is also important.
  • the clearance angle should have'a value of 15 to' +15 and preferably --2 to +2. The best possible combination of these rake and clearance angles is dependent on the particular application.
  • the shaving tool, work, and surface removed are identified by the numerals 1 and 1, 2 and 2', and 3 and 3", respectively.
  • An example of the positive rake angle is identified by the numeral 4 in FIG. 1.
  • An example of the negative rake angle is identified by the numeral 4' in FIG. 2.
  • An example of the positive clearance angle is identified by the numeral 5 in FIG. 2.
  • An example of the negative clearance angle is identified by the numeral 5 in FIG. 1.
  • the shaving operation for removal of surface metal is described as being carried out While in combination with a draw die either in advance of the shaving tool to guide the work into the shaving tool and/or to the rear of the shaving tool to effect reduction in crosssectional area of the work as it is advanced from the shaving tool to the die. It has been found that while the combination of draw and/or guide dies with the shaving tool is desirable in systems where the workpiece is cold finished at about ambient temperatures, as in the aforementioned application Ser. No. 615,328, the combination is many times not desirable in systems where use is made of external heat means, as in this and the aforementioned application Ser. No. 691,727.
  • Serious galling more often than not occurs in the dies, particularly when a final draw die is used and the entire workpiece cross-section, or a substantial part of it below the depth of surface removal, is heated by external means nearer to the upper critical temperature for the metal being worked. Also, in many instances, reductions in dies are neither desired nor required. Therefore, it is an important concept of this invention not to employ guide and/or draw dies in continuous operation with the shaving tool.
  • the lower critical temperature for the steel and maintaining the rate of advancement of the steel through the shaving tool at a speed sufiicient to cause the metal being removed to be raised in temperature to soften the steel.
  • the shaving tool is of a material selected from the group consisting of sintered carbides, oxides, borides, silicides and the like, which, at the final temperature build-ups in the metal being removed avoids or minimizes shaving edge deformation and welding to the metal being removed or to the work.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US194142A 1962-05-11 1962-05-11 Cold finishing of metal Expired - Lifetime US3168004A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US194142A US3168004A (en) 1962-05-11 1962-05-11 Cold finishing of metal
AT378263A AT256587B (de) 1962-05-11 1963-05-09 Verfahren und Werkzeug zur kontinuierlichen, spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von Stäben, Drähten u. dgl. aus Stahl

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US194142A US3168004A (en) 1962-05-11 1962-05-11 Cold finishing of metal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3168004A true US3168004A (en) 1965-02-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US194142A Expired - Lifetime US3168004A (en) 1962-05-11 1962-05-11 Cold finishing of metal

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3168004A (de)
AT (1) AT256587B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760488A (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-09-25 Lasalle Steel Co Process for surface finishing of metals
US3786720A (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-01-22 Lasalle Steel Co Removal of surface metal by shaving
US4346795A (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-08-31 Harvey Hubbell Incorporated Energy absorbing assembly
US4752994A (en) * 1984-04-11 1988-06-28 Addison Machine Engineering, Inc. Apparatus for removing burrs from welded material
WO2014129334A1 (ja) * 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 株式会社神戸製鋼所 シェービング工具およびこれを用いた鋼線材のシェービング方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2233928A (en) * 1939-02-16 1941-03-04 Gen Electric Wire shaving process and fixture
US2600453A (en) * 1949-02-08 1952-06-17 Richard I N Weingart Method and apparatus for controlling heat in hot maching processes
US2679680A (en) * 1947-02-01 1954-06-01 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Wire-coursing die
CA562016A (en) * 1958-08-19 Ansel Gerhard Extrusion scalping die
US2972287A (en) * 1957-04-24 1961-02-21 Walter G See Milling of metals subject to galling

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA562016A (en) * 1958-08-19 Ansel Gerhard Extrusion scalping die
US2233928A (en) * 1939-02-16 1941-03-04 Gen Electric Wire shaving process and fixture
US2679680A (en) * 1947-02-01 1954-06-01 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Wire-coursing die
US2600453A (en) * 1949-02-08 1952-06-17 Richard I N Weingart Method and apparatus for controlling heat in hot maching processes
US2972287A (en) * 1957-04-24 1961-02-21 Walter G See Milling of metals subject to galling

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760488A (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-09-25 Lasalle Steel Co Process for surface finishing of metals
US3786720A (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-01-22 Lasalle Steel Co Removal of surface metal by shaving
JPS4992678A (de) * 1972-09-01 1974-09-04
US4346795A (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-08-31 Harvey Hubbell Incorporated Energy absorbing assembly
US4752994A (en) * 1984-04-11 1988-06-28 Addison Machine Engineering, Inc. Apparatus for removing burrs from welded material
WO2014129334A1 (ja) * 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 株式会社神戸製鋼所 シェービング工具およびこれを用いた鋼線材のシェービング方法
JP2014161933A (ja) * 2013-02-22 2014-09-08 Kobe Steel Ltd シェービング工具およびこれを用いた鋼線材のシェービング方法
CN105073320A (zh) * 2013-02-22 2015-11-18 株式会社神户制钢所 修整工具及使用该修整工具的钢线材修整方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT256587B (de) 1967-08-25

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