US3174589A - Slender structure - Google Patents

Slender structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3174589A
US3174589A US106772A US10677261A US3174589A US 3174589 A US3174589 A US 3174589A US 106772 A US106772 A US 106772A US 10677261 A US10677261 A US 10677261A US 3174589 A US3174589 A US 3174589A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mass
damping
oscillation
free
chimney
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US106772A
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English (en)
Inventor
Chen Yian-Nian
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Priority to US374035A priority Critical patent/US3245177A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3174589A publication Critical patent/US3174589A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0215—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings involving active or passive dynamic mass damping systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues

Definitions

  • Chimneys and other slender structures in addition to withstanding the static loading caused by wind pressure in the plane of wind movement, also have to deal with those periodic forces which are produced by eddy cavitation, and are operative transversely of the wind direction thus causing the structure to oscillate.
  • the oscillations produced become critical when the firequency of eddy cavitations reaches the natural frequency or" the structure.
  • the internal damping is usually of sufiicient magnitude so that the oscillatory energy of relatively small oscillatory amplitudes is readily absorbed.
  • Welded sheet metal chimneys These structures require special measures to ensure that dangerous resonance cannot occur.
  • the known means of achieving this object are to alter the natural frequency of the chimney and also to release the strain by bracing the chimney with wire ropes.
  • the disadvantage of varying the natural frequency of the chimney is that chimney size and design often cannot be the most suitable for the particular purpose required and, for instance, uneconomically large thicknesses of sheet must be used just to alter the natural frequency. Where dangerous oscillations occur in existing chimneys, the method cannot be used at all.
  • the second method -bracing by wire ropes- is expensive and is aesthetically unsatisfactory. Accordingly, it is an important object of this invention to provide means to reduce the oscillations of structures of the foregoing type without incurring the disadvantages inherent in the known expedients, said means comprising at least one dynamic oscillation damper.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a chimney according to the invention incorporating an oscillation damper of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section through the damper shown in FIG. 1 on a somewhat enlarged scale.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the damper mass shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation showing the articulation of the several elements comprising the damper mass shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a section through another embodiment of the oscillation damper of this invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a detail of FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 7-12 are sectional views of other embodiments of the oscillation dampers of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the oscillation damper structure 2 and also includes the top end of the chimney.
  • the chimney 1 comprises an outer generated surface 10 and a lining 11 with heat insulation 12 being therebetween.
  • the surface It) bears brackets 13 to which an annular base plate 14 is secured.
  • the damper structure is closed externally by an outer cylindrical cover 15.
  • a ring 16 which constitutes the damping mass rests freely on the plate 14 and this ring includes buffer elements 17 and 18.
  • the buffer elements 17 and 18 are disposed in bores 20 extending radially of the ring 16 and are normally pressed apart from one another by a spring 19.
  • the bores 20 are closed by cover plates 21 and the whole damper assembly is protected against weathering by a cover plate 22.
  • the damping mass 16 starts to slide on the base 14 once the oscillation exceeds a critical amplitude, the amount of energy being absorbed being equal to the product of the friction and the relative movement of the mass.
  • the function of the buffer element pins 17 and i8 is to keep the damping mass at a distance from the closing walls as well as to intercept any impact of the damping mass against such walls. Conveniently, to ensure very uniform distribution of the friction forces over the periphery of the damping mass, the mass is articulated, as can be seen in FIGS.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative method for the radial springing of the damping mass, using instead of the radial spring-loaded buffer elements 17 and 18, flat spring strips 27 which are secured by screws 28 to the associated sections 24.
  • the base does not completely close the chamber surrounding the damping mass, gaps 29 being left through which abraded particles can drop.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the oscillation damper of this invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the damping mass takes the form of a rigid ring 31 over which short ring segmental damping elements 32, which are of U- shaped cross-section, are loosely placed.
  • the base over which the damping mass slides is in the form of an open grating 33.
  • the damping elements 32 are formed with bevelled edges 35.
  • the damping elements are prevented from striking the outer wall by the use of corrugated steel strips 34 (FIG. 6).
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an oscillation damper in which damping is provided by mechanical friction and by liquid friction.
  • a casing 40 secured to the chimney Disposed in a casing 40 secured to the chimney is an annular damping member 41; the inner chamber of the casing all is filled either Wholly or partly with a liquid, such as oil.
  • a liquid such as oil.
  • the damping element 41 is formed at top and bottom with recesses 42 which reduce the contact surface of the casing, thus ensuring that, if the oil in the casing 49 becomes gummy, the adhesion between the element 41 and the casing remains low.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an oscillation damper operating purely by liquid friction.
  • An annular vessel 50 secured to the outer chimney surface 10 comprises radial perforate metal plates 51, and the sectors bounded by the plates 51 are filled with a porous loose fill, such as steel swarf.
  • the vessel 50 is about half filled with a liquid forming the damping mass.
  • As liquid there is used preferably an oil having a fiat viscosity-temperature pattern and a low coagulation point, such as silicone oil.
  • the advantage of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is that damping is provided at very reduced oscillations.
  • the liquid in the vessel can be loaded with suspended particles; if required, relatively coarse and non-suspendable particles, such as sand, stones, metal scrap and so on, can be added to the liquid and can move together therewith as the chimney oscillates. If such a filling is used in the vessel 50, the plates 51 and the porous loose fill can be omitted.
  • the oscillation damper is devoid of any special damping mass; instead, some of the chimney is used as damping mass.
  • the natural frequency of the outer covering is different from and usually higher than the natural frequency of the chimney lining which is loaded with the insulation layer.
  • sheet metal rings 51 are welded into the outer chimney surface It), and the chimney lining bears against the rings 61, with reduced clearance, by way of sheet metal rings 62.
  • the chimney lining 11 together with the insulation layer 12 is used as damping mass for the other part.
  • FIG. illustrates a variant of the damper shown in FIG. 9.
  • brackets 70 are secured to the lining 11, and a number of alternately arranged rings 71, 72 rest on the brackets 70.
  • the rings 71 have reduced clearance relatively to the lining 11 and considerable clearance relatively to the chimney outer surface 19.
  • the rings 72 have reduced clearance relatively to the surface 10 and considerable clearance relatively to the lining 11.
  • oscillation dampers 80 are secured to a chimney outer surface.
  • the dampers take the form of cylinders 81 in which pistons 82 move freely.
  • the cylinders 81 are wholly or partly filled with a liquid, for instance, an oil.
  • the cylinders 81 comprise springs 83 which limit the movement of the pistons $2.
  • the pistons 82 move relatively to the cylinders 81 because of their inertia; liquid flows through the gap between the piston and the cylinder, leading to a friction which helps to dampen the oscillations.
  • the piston 82 or the cylinder 81 can be formed with ducts interconnecting the two chambers of each cylinder, and such ducts can be provided, in manner known per se, with valves or flaps which inhibit or assist liquid flow in one or the other direction.
  • the advantage of the dampers 80 shown in FIG. 11 is that they can be of unitary construction and retained on bearings and can be provided to any required number. Two dampers in which the damping mass in one damper moves perpendicularly to the damping mass in the other can be used, in the manner shown in FIG. 11, although more dampers can be used and can be, for instance, uniformly distributed around the chimney axis.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a variant of the damper shown in FIG. 11, the piston 82 being replaced by a ball 83. This step helps to reduce very considerably the possible disturbing mechanical friction between the cylinder 81 and the damping mass.
  • damping means comprising a mass supported on and in mechanical and dry frictional engagement with the free end of said structure, said mass being free to move relative to said structure when the latter oscillates from the vertical thereby to convert at least part of the energy of said oscillation to dry mechanical friction and effect the desired damping.
  • damping means comprising an annular mass supported on and in mechanical and dry frictional engagement with a bracket integral with the free end of said structure, said annular mass being free to move relative to said bracket and said structure when the latter oscillates from the vertical thereby to convert at least part of the energy of said oscillation to dry mechanical friction and effect the desired damping.
  • annular mass comprises a plurality of articu lated segments joined together.
  • a relatively elongated structure comprising an inner shell and an outer shell which are fixed at one end and free to oscillate at the other end on being subjected to a bending stress
  • said damping means comprising a first mass supported on the inside of the outer shell and another mass supported by said first mass, said mass es being in frictional engagement with but free to move relative to each other when said structure oscillates thereby to convert at least part of the energy of said oscillation to friction and effect the desired damping.
  • said means being in frictional engagement with but free to move relative to each other when said structure oscillates thereby to convert at least part of the energy of said oscillation to friction and effect the desired damping.
  • anoblong structure comprising an inner shell and an outer shell and a space therebetween, said shells being fixed at one end and free to oscillate at the other end on being subjected to a bending stress, the combination with the free end of said structure of oscillation damping means, said damping means being placed in said space and comprising in alternating sequence the combination of at least one annular mass supported on the outto side of the inner shell and in peripheral contact with the 5 6 inside of the outer shell and a second annular mass rest- References Cited in the file of this patent ing thereon whose inside is in peripheral contact with UNITED STATES PATENTS the outside of the inner shell, said masses being in frictional engagement with each other but free to move rela- 2,514,140 Connor I 3 1950 tive to each other when said structure oscillates from the 5 2,635,398 sllverman P 21, 1953 vertical thereby to convert at least part of the energy of said oscillation to friction and to effect the desired damp- FOREIGN PATENTS i 446,532 Canada

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
US106772A 1960-05-06 1961-05-01 Slender structure Expired - Lifetime US3174589A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US374035A US3245177A (en) 1961-05-01 1964-06-10 Slender structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH517060A CH380354A (de) 1960-05-06 1960-05-06 Schlankes Bauwerk

Publications (1)

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US3174589A true US3174589A (en) 1965-03-23

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US106772A Expired - Lifetime US3174589A (en) 1960-05-06 1961-05-01 Slender structure

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US (1) US3174589A (fr)
BE (1) BE603473A (fr)
CH (1) CH380354A (fr)
ES (1) ES259287A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB950983A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3382629A (en) * 1965-02-03 1968-05-14 Reutlinger & Soehne Dr Damped tubular antenna mast
US3579929A (en) * 1969-01-29 1971-05-25 Gen Electric Flexible structure orientation control
US3612222A (en) * 1970-02-18 1971-10-12 Kearney National Inc Pole damping system
US3911199A (en) * 1974-04-26 1975-10-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Seismic motion-damper for upstanding electrical equipment
US4320602A (en) * 1979-01-17 1982-03-23 Richardson John R Stabilizing structures against oscillation
US4640216A (en) * 1984-09-12 1987-02-03 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Aktiengesellschaft Device for reducing vibrations of periscopes
US4736701A (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-04-12 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Dynamic vibration absorber
EP0648906A1 (fr) * 1993-06-04 1995-04-19 Multicon Schwingungsdämpfer GmbH Amortisseur d'oscillations, notamment pour des bâtiments minces
US5517793A (en) * 1992-12-30 1996-05-21 Flores; Ramond H. System for protecting fireplaces and chimneys from adverse seismic or wind forces
US20050217955A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-06 Minor Ray C Pole vibration damping assembly and method

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1303088B (fr) * 1963-07-05 Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
DE2650100C3 (de) * 1976-10-30 1979-06-07 Gerb Gesellschaft Fuer Isolierung Mbh & Co Kg, 1000 Berlin Dämpfungselement
DE3114145C2 (de) * 1981-04-08 1985-04-04 Krupp Stahl Ag, 4630 Bochum Elektrischer Lichtbogenofen
FR2614337B1 (fr) * 1987-04-27 1991-05-10 Shimizu Construction Co Ltd Procede pour limiter les vibrations d'un plancher, etage ou niveau de batiment et dispositif pour le mettre en oeuvre
GB2212531B (en) * 1987-11-17 1991-12-11 Shimizu Construction Co Ltd Method for effectively restraining response of a structure to outside disturbances and apparatus therefor
JP2526256B2 (ja) * 1987-11-17 1996-08-21 清水建設株式会社 構造物の振動抑制装置
DE3939593A1 (de) * 1989-11-30 1991-06-06 Palitex Project Co Gmbh Tangentialriemenantrieb fuer spindeln einer textilmaschine, insbesondere einer zwirnmaschine
DE9209913U1 (de) * 1992-07-23 1993-07-22 Delic, Dusan, 79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen Schwingungsdämpfer
JP2001271874A (ja) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-05 Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd 車両用制振装置
CN104975633A (zh) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-14 厦门同力节能科技有限公司 一种高楼水箱抗震缓冲方法及装置
CN104154159B (zh) * 2014-07-21 2017-06-06 天津大学 塔器防振用圆柱形液体阻尼器
CN109139768B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2021-01-19 大连理工大学 一种减小特高压复合套管动力响应的球形调谐液体阻尼器
CN109139770A (zh) * 2018-07-23 2019-01-04 大连理工大学 一种减小特高压复合套管动力响应的环形调谐液体阻尼器
CN112878527B (zh) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-20 同济大学 一种非线性气弹簧调谐质量阻尼器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA446532A (fr) * 1948-02-03 The General Tire And Rubber Company Dispositif d'amortissement
US2514140A (en) * 1947-06-17 1950-07-04 Houdaille Hershey Corp Combination linear and rotary vibration damper
US2635898A (en) * 1951-08-13 1953-04-21 David B Silverman Mobile movement equalizer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA446532A (fr) * 1948-02-03 The General Tire And Rubber Company Dispositif d'amortissement
US2514140A (en) * 1947-06-17 1950-07-04 Houdaille Hershey Corp Combination linear and rotary vibration damper
US2635898A (en) * 1951-08-13 1953-04-21 David B Silverman Mobile movement equalizer

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3382629A (en) * 1965-02-03 1968-05-14 Reutlinger & Soehne Dr Damped tubular antenna mast
US3579929A (en) * 1969-01-29 1971-05-25 Gen Electric Flexible structure orientation control
US3612222A (en) * 1970-02-18 1971-10-12 Kearney National Inc Pole damping system
US3911199A (en) * 1974-04-26 1975-10-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Seismic motion-damper for upstanding electrical equipment
US4320602A (en) * 1979-01-17 1982-03-23 Richardson John R Stabilizing structures against oscillation
US4640216A (en) * 1984-09-12 1987-02-03 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Aktiengesellschaft Device for reducing vibrations of periscopes
US4736701A (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-04-12 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Dynamic vibration absorber
US5517793A (en) * 1992-12-30 1996-05-21 Flores; Ramond H. System for protecting fireplaces and chimneys from adverse seismic or wind forces
EP0648906A1 (fr) * 1993-06-04 1995-04-19 Multicon Schwingungsdämpfer GmbH Amortisseur d'oscillations, notamment pour des bâtiments minces
US20050217955A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-06 Minor Ray C Pole vibration damping assembly and method
US7232017B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2007-06-19 Kearney-National Inc. Pole vibration damping assembly and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE603473A (fr) 1961-11-06
GB950983A (en) 1964-03-04
ES259287A1 (es) 1960-10-01
CH380354A (de) 1964-07-31

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