US3178100A - Fan - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3178100A
US3178100A US168065A US16806562A US3178100A US 3178100 A US3178100 A US 3178100A US 168065 A US168065 A US 168065A US 16806562 A US16806562 A US 16806562A US 3178100 A US3178100 A US 3178100A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
periphery
wall
fan
flow
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Expired - Lifetime
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US168065A
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English (en)
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Datwyler Gottfried
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/02—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal
    • F04D17/04—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal of transverse-flow type

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to fan constructions and in particular to a new and useful fan construction in which the fluid fiow through the rotor is transverse to the rotor axis.
  • the fluid is drawn in from one side of the rotor and passes in a direction transverse to the rotor for discharge at the opposite side.
  • the present invention is particularly directed to a type of fan in which the fluid is drawn in from one side of the rotor and passed in a direction transverse to the rotor for discharge at the opposite side.
  • Fans of this type are suitable for many special applications.
  • a wide practical use for a fan of this character has been limited by the pressure volume curve inherent in the construction of fans of such type which are presently known. It is a characteristic of the operation of such presently known fans that a maximum pressure occurs at an intermediate value of mass flow and the pressure falls off with increasing mass flow and falls oif particularly sharply with a decreasing mass flow.
  • a fan construction in which fluid is arranged for cross flow movement in respect to the axis of the rotor and wherein the fan operates to produce an increase in pressure at decreasing flow values.
  • the construction includes a casing showing, in any plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the fan, an outwardly curved volute as an outer wall and an S-shaped, or smooth ogee surface, inner wall which curves towards the outer wall.
  • the construction further includes a rotor with forwardly curved blades, this rotor turning between the two casing walls and dividing the fan into a low pressure, intake, or suction side and a high pressure, outlet, or discharge side, both casing walls extending parallel to the rotor axis for the full length of the rotor.
  • the open arc of the rotor periphery between the casing walls at the intake side is less than the open arc of the rotor periphery between the casing walls at the outlet side.
  • An essential feature of the present invention is that the contour of the outer casing wall turns through an angle of more than from the beginning of the wall, adjacent the rotor periphery at the intake side, to the outlet side of the fan. This causes the flow between the intake and discharge sides and contained between the inner and outer casing walls and going through the rotor, to be deflected by an angle in excess of 130 in any plane normal to the rotor axis.
  • the flow in the outlet or discharge side of the fan in any plane normal to the axis of the fan rotor, has a stagnation or resting point on the S-shaped inner casing wall.
  • the fiow is stably divided into a first portion, which flows out through the outlet as net, useful mass flow of the fan, and a second portion flowing back into the rotor.
  • This latter circulatory flow back into the rotor is due to the vortex which, in the present construction, has its center located always near the circle described by the inner edges of the rotor blades, and lying some distance away from the cut-off edge of the S-shaped inner casing wall which is opposed to the direction of rotation of the rotor.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide, in a cross flow fan, an inner, S-shaped, or smooth ogee surface, wall of the casing approaching the rotor periphery in a direction essentially tangential to the rotor and in opposition to the latters direction of rotation.
  • This inner, S-shaped wall ends in a thin cut-0d edge, just referred to, which extends parallel to the rotor axis.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a fan which is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical to manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 indicates pressure volume curves for prior art fan constructions and for a fan constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a somewhat schematic transverse section of a fan constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic transverse section of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a curve indicating a part of the flow velocity into the rotor along a part of the periphery of the latter in the region of the cut-off edge of the inner casing wall;
  • FIG. 5 is a somewhat schematic transverse section of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the curve marked I illustrates a pressure volume curve of a cross flow fan (a fan in which the flow is transverse to the axis of the rotor) of a type known at the present time.
  • This curve has a pressuremaximum at a certain mean mass flow.
  • the curve shows clearly the pressure drop at a mass flow below the one corresponding to the maximum pressure and also indicates that with reduced mass flow the pressure drops to a very low value.
  • the curve marked II shows the characteristic pressurevolume curve, of a radial blower (Sirocco blower) where the pressure does not drop with decreasing mass flow but rather remains constant with some. tendency to even rise towards no flow.
  • the curve indicated III shows the characteristic be havior of a cross flow fan constructed inaccordance with the invention. As indicated, the pressure does not drop with'small mass flow values, but increases appreciably as a no flow condition is approached. 7
  • the invention embodied therein includes a fan which has an outer casing wall 1 and an inner casing wall 2 betweenwhich is rotatably mounted the rotor, generally designated 3, and having an axis of rotation indicated at 4.
  • the outer casing wall 1 is anoutwardly curved volute beginning at the point 5 near therrotor periphery,
  • the inner casing wall 2 is S-shaped, or has a smooth ogee surface, begins at the point 6 near the rotor periph ery, approaches the rotor periphery in an essentially tangential direction, and points toward the rotor in a direction which is opposite to the'latters direction of rotation.
  • the center of the vortex 7 inside of the rotor is designated by :7, and the stagnation point on the S-shaped inner casing wall 2 is designated at 8.
  • Stagnation point 8 lies near the point of inflection of the S-shaped wall.
  • the casing is thus configured to. enclose an are, at the periphery of the rotor on the high pressure side 9, which is more than 180 as indicated by the angle a. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2, angle or is about 220 and the rotor periphery or circumference exposed on the low pressure side 10 is about 140. 7
  • the part of the rotor circumference onthe high pressure side 9 is thus always larger than the part of the rotor circumference on. the low pressure side 10.
  • the optimum value for the high pressure side part of the rotor circumference lies between 220 and 270.
  • the outer wall 1 of the rotor casing is shaped to define a volute which is outwardly curved. Its contour, beginning at point 5 near the rotor periphery, turns through an angle of more than 130 degrees as it approaches the outlet of the high pressure side of the casing.
  • a generated whirling vortex 7 is indicated by the flow lines with arrows, which vortex has a center indicated at7.
  • This center lies inside the rotor 3, and contrary to prior art casing constructions whichmay include bulges, forexample, the vortex center is not confined to any particular part of the casing but can move freely in the high pressure portion 9 and adjust itself as to intensity and location to the flow pattern which prevails in the fan depending upon the operating conditions of the latter.
  • the fan construction as set forth in FIG. 2 not only produces a fan characteristic as indicated by the curve 111 in FIG. 1, but also gives a considerably higher fan per- Inaddition, a diffuser which is usually employed at a location following the high pressure outlet can be dispensed with, permitting the size of the casing to be reduced.
  • the velocity distribution at the high pressure outlet is more uniform.
  • the increased performance 4 of a crossflow fan constructed in accordance with the present invention permits its application beyond the field of ordinary use in such applications, for example, as turbo machines and gas turbines and supercharger applications.
  • the tendency of the vortex, often found in cross flow fan designs, to extend toward the outlet of the high pressure side and thereby leading to adverse pressure gradients on the inner casing wall with flow reversal there and pressure pulsations, is eliminated in the fan of the present invention by the S-sh'ape of the inner casing wall 2, wherein the flow can establish a stable stagnation point 8 where the flow stably separates into the portion that flows out into the outlet as net and useful mass flow of the fan, and into a portion which flowsback into the rotor.
  • the'flow in the high pressure side 9 may be guided by a guiding element 11, such as shown in FIG. 3 in which a crossflow fan with a casing 1 of a fan is provided with the general configuration indicated in FIG. 2.
  • This guiding element for example, a guide vane, helps to direct part of the flow towards. the stagnation point 8 and toward the rotor 3 to'further stablizethe position of the vortex 7 for various operating conditions of the fan.
  • FIG. 4 is shown a flow velocity diagram for the various stream lines before their entrance into the rotor from the cut-Olfedge 6 of the S-shaped inner casing wall 2.
  • the development of the rotor periphery is indicated in the direction R.
  • the curve A indicates the condition for a fan according to FIG. 3.
  • the shaded part of this curve indicates the wake on both sides of the S-shaped inner casing wall 2 of FIG. 3, with a pronounced downward dip a.
  • the curve A indicates in the mean a strong positive velocity gradient.
  • Curve B shows a much lower gradient with only a weak wake b which is produced as a result of the construction in accordance with the further developmen to be described with reference to FIG. 5.
  • a double wall construction for the S-shaped inner wall which includes an outer volute casing wall 1 and the double S-shaped inner wall designated 13. Between the outer and inner casing walls 1 and 2 a rotor 3 is rotatably mounted.
  • a double inner wall construction is formed by the S-shaped wall 13 on the high' pressure side 9 and by an S-shaped wall 12 on the low pressure side 10. These walls, 12 and 13, the inner one 13 acting as guiding element of the flow, define a channel K opening into the high pressure side 9.
  • Arrow 14 indicates the direction of rotor rotation.
  • a fan comprising a rotor having axiall extending blades, said rotor having affluid flow peripherally outwardly therefrom, a casing about said rotor including a pair of spaced axially extending walls, said walls defining a suction chamber and a high pressure discharge chamber circumferentially disposed about the periphery of the rotor, said rotor having its periphery on the discharge side exposed in excess of degrees, one of said walls having a projection adjacent the periphery of the rotor and extending in a smooth spiraling surface outwardly and away charge end, said second wall being a common wall between said suction chamber and said high pressure chamber, said second wall being shaped as a smooth ogee surface, one end of which is adjacent the periphery of the rotor and said ogee surface terminating in said one end in a plane substantially tangential to the periphery of the rotor, and the said ogee surface terminating in a discharge end oppositely from the discharge
  • a fan according to claim 1 including wall means adjacent said common second wall, said common second wall converging toward said wall means, in the direction of flow therehetweeu, to decrease the cross section of the flow area from the point of substantial rotor tangency of said common second wall toward the fan discharge side.
  • a fan according to claim 1 including a channel forming element disposed in the casing high pressure side arranged to guide the fluid flow in a direction toward the rotor.
  • a fan according to claim 1 wherein said casing includes a double wall construction separating said suction 6 and discharge chambers, which double wall construction opens at least toward the rotor periphery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US168065A 1961-01-25 1962-01-23 Fan Expired - Lifetime US3178100A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH87661A CH391947A (de) 1961-01-25 1961-01-25 Querstromgebläse

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US3178100A true US3178100A (en) 1965-04-13

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279209A (en) * 1964-04-15 1966-10-18 Laing Vortex Inc Cross flow machines and air conditioner units incorporating such machines
US3302426A (en) * 1965-12-08 1967-02-07 Laing Nikolaus Air conditioning apparatus
US3319877A (en) * 1956-12-20 1967-05-16 Laing Vortex Inc Machines of the cross-flow type for inducing movement of fluid
US3415443A (en) * 1966-05-23 1968-12-10 Torrington Mfg Co Transverse flow blower with high velocity discharge
US3446426A (en) * 1967-04-03 1969-05-27 Torrington Mfg Co Transverse flow blower for discharging fluid in a path defined by a surface
US3702918A (en) * 1969-07-08 1972-11-14 Braun Ag Forced circulation air heating unit
US5094586A (en) * 1989-06-23 1992-03-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Air conditioner employing cross-flow fan

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR373998A (fr) * 1905-06-22 1907-05-31 Carl Floessel Procédé et appareils pour la purification des gaz des hauts fourneaux et autres gaz impurs
US1886513A (en) * 1931-01-02 1932-11-08 American Blower Corp Angular-flow fan
US2942773A (en) * 1953-07-17 1960-06-28 Paul Pollrich & Comp Fans
US2965284A (en) * 1955-11-24 1960-12-20 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbo-machine
US2968436A (en) * 1957-10-10 1961-01-17 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbo machine
GB876611A (en) * 1956-12-07 1961-09-06 Firth Cleveland Ltd Improvements in or relating to machines for inducing flow of fluid for example pumpsand blowers
US3033441A (en) * 1956-05-08 1962-05-08 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbomachine
US3035760A (en) * 1954-11-01 1962-05-22 American Radiator & Standard Air moving unit

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR373998A (fr) * 1905-06-22 1907-05-31 Carl Floessel Procédé et appareils pour la purification des gaz des hauts fourneaux et autres gaz impurs
US1886513A (en) * 1931-01-02 1932-11-08 American Blower Corp Angular-flow fan
US2942773A (en) * 1953-07-17 1960-06-28 Paul Pollrich & Comp Fans
US3035760A (en) * 1954-11-01 1962-05-22 American Radiator & Standard Air moving unit
US2965284A (en) * 1955-11-24 1960-12-20 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbo-machine
US3033441A (en) * 1956-05-08 1962-05-08 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbomachine
GB876611A (en) * 1956-12-07 1961-09-06 Firth Cleveland Ltd Improvements in or relating to machines for inducing flow of fluid for example pumpsand blowers
US2968436A (en) * 1957-10-10 1961-01-17 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbo machine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3319877A (en) * 1956-12-20 1967-05-16 Laing Vortex Inc Machines of the cross-flow type for inducing movement of fluid
US3279209A (en) * 1964-04-15 1966-10-18 Laing Vortex Inc Cross flow machines and air conditioner units incorporating such machines
US3302426A (en) * 1965-12-08 1967-02-07 Laing Nikolaus Air conditioning apparatus
US3415443A (en) * 1966-05-23 1968-12-10 Torrington Mfg Co Transverse flow blower with high velocity discharge
US3446426A (en) * 1967-04-03 1969-05-27 Torrington Mfg Co Transverse flow blower for discharging fluid in a path defined by a surface
US3702918A (en) * 1969-07-08 1972-11-14 Braun Ag Forced circulation air heating unit
US5094586A (en) * 1989-06-23 1992-03-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Air conditioner employing cross-flow fan

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Publication number Publication date
CH391947A (de) 1965-05-15

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