US3185213A - Compact airtype exhaust steam condenser system - Google Patents

Compact airtype exhaust steam condenser system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3185213A
US3185213A US95963A US9596361A US3185213A US 3185213 A US3185213 A US 3185213A US 95963 A US95963 A US 95963A US 9596361 A US9596361 A US 9596361A US 3185213 A US3185213 A US 3185213A
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Prior art keywords
cooling
tubes
tube
condenser
cavity
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US95963A
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Wartenberg Kurt Wilhelm
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/90—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for condensing a vapor by heat exchange with a cooling gas, and more particularly to those types of heat exchangers employing air to cool and condense the exhaust steam of a steam turbine which is fed to the heat exchanger at .a low absolute pressure.
  • a conventional condenser system may comprise a plurality of heat exchangers called box condensers or cooling box-es.
  • Air-type condensers can be constructed only for a certain open-air temperature predetermined when the condenser is in the designing stage. This predetermined temperature is so chosen as to create a vacuum constituting the most economical maximum for the turbine or machine that is connected to the condenser. When the outdoor temperature is less than the predetermined temperature, the cooling surfaces of the condenser are too large, and complex circuits and devices are necessary in conventional condensers to balance this disadvantage. This regulation problem calls for particular attentionias the outdoor temperature; varying day and night, summer and winter, has the same effect as a varying load.
  • the cooling areas or surfaces of the condenser have to be continuously adapted to the machine output depending on the outdoor temperature, for example, by regulating the air-blower power or by switching on a portion of the cooling surface area of the condenser.
  • the useful cooling surface will automatically decrease whenever the machine output rises, thus producing more waste steam. This effect is brought about by the increasing volume of the condensate covering a greater surface of the cooling condenser which portion of the surface becomes disabled to directly exchange heat.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide steamduoting means effectively reducing the loss of steam pressure, ensuring a high transfer of heat at the walls of the heat exchanger, preventing the condensate from asstuning an excessively low temperature, and efiiciently distributing the steam.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide cooling means adapted to the high heat transfer at low pressure loss and adapted to thoroughly distribute the cooling air into the condenser.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide means of quickly and efficiently conveying the condensate away from the heat-exchange surface of the condenser towards the condensate tank in such a way that the condensate, on its path to the tank, cannot come into contact with any part of the heat-exchange surface of the condenser.
  • a box condenser preferably mounted in .a position sloping against the vertical, into which the steam to be condensed is ducted and evenly distributed so as to fill the box volume provided for the steam.
  • Another feature of this invention is a plurality of parallel tubes extending from one wall of the cooling box to the one opposite wall of the same box in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the b x, both ends of the said tubes being open for air to flow thnough the tubes and to cool the steam surrounding the outer walls of the tubes inside the box.
  • Still another feature of the invention is a plurality of battles deflecting the condensate from the outer surfaces of the cooling tubes toward the condensate tank in such a way as to preclude contact between the condensate and the surfaces of cooling tubes on the path between the point of origination of the codensate and its tank.
  • a furtherfeature of this invention is an arrangement of fins longitudinally disposed inside the cooling tubes in such a manner that the cross-sectional density of the fins is the same in the vicinity of the centerline of the cooling tube and in the vicinity of the circumference of the crosssection.
  • the invention provides a condenser operating with cooling air'independent of water supply and requiring a space that is not more than about 40 percent of a comparable conventional condenser of the same operating principle, the condenser being fully operative regardless of the varying machine load and regardless of the outdoor temperature. 7 7
  • FIGURE l is a cross-sectional view of a cooling box of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 1A is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cooling box elements of the invention taken substantially on the plane indicated by line II of FIG. 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cooling box elements of the invention taken substantially on the plane indicated by line IIII of FIG. 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of an air tube with internal fins
  • FIGURE 5 is aside elevation showing an arrangement of a plurality of cooling boxes
  • FIGURE 6 is a side elevation of another arrangementof cooling boxes.
  • FIGURE 7 is a side elevation of 'still another arrangement of cooling boxes. 7
  • a high-capacity condenser system is made up of a plurality of substantially identical cooling box units shown in FIG. 1, the number of cooling boxes varying with the amount of waste steam to be condensed.
  • Each of the cooling boxes is connected to the exhaust main 5.
  • the cooling box unit according to the invention substantially consists of a substantially closed container 1 of preferably rectangular cross-section in whose opposite walls 11 and 12 cooling or condensing tubes 2 are spaced at substantially like distances from one another. Through these cooling tubes, air passes under pressure from 7 to 8, as indicated by the arrows.
  • the waste steam is led from the exhaust main 5 to the distribution manifold 4 and from thence into the cooling box cavity throughout, that is to say, even into the collecting tank 9 in the bottom portion ofthe container -1.
  • - 'Baffie plates 3 extend substantially longitudinally of the axis of the cooling box, that is, transversely of the cooling tubes and slope downwardly more steeply than the tubes. These baffles serve to immediately deflect the condensate from the vertically extending outer walls of the cooling tubes so that the condensate bypasses the remainder of the tube walls and is guided int-o a path leading to the tank 9 from where it is drained through discharge 6.
  • the distance between adjacent bafiles is selected according to the atmospheric conditions prevailing at the place of operation. That is to say, the distance is such that even in the case of low outside-air temperature the condensate is still possessed of its latent heat of liquid when having arrived at a bafiie. In this manner it is insured that the condensate. cannot freeze, even when the cooling surfaces should not accurately correspond to the actual load requirements.
  • the condenser tubes are therefore provided with flared intake portions 16, as shown in enlarged viewin FIG. 1A, which intake portions serve to reduce the loss of pressure of theingoing air.
  • These trumpet like members 16 are preferably made of plastic and are Weather-resistant. They can be easily fitted over the tubes 2 which,'for this purpose, slightly project from the box 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken substantially on the plane indicated by line I-I of FIG. 1, showing .tubes 2 and a bafile plate 3 which may for instance consist f suitable plastic material.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, an embodiment in which the portions 1310f the'bafile plate 3 surrounding the baffle openings for the tubes are bent outward of the plane of the plate 3 to form a hood shaped flap extending over the top portion of. each aperture in the plate 3 through which a tube 2 passes in a horizontal direction.
  • the condensate is thereby caused to flow downwards along the baffles, without contacting the cooling tubes.
  • the edges of the bafile openings may be completely bent off so as to form sleeves or flanges about the cooling tubes.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a simplified arrangement of a cooling tube with internal fins.
  • the center of the tube interior is provided with fever fins than are arranged at the circumference of the tube, which arrangement results in a better flow of heat from the circumference of the tube to the center line thereof.
  • This arrangement of fins has been found particularly advantageous in the present case, inasmuch as the pattern of the air stream is more uniform throughout the cross-section of the tube than in the case of. tubes provided with a greater number of center fins, in which case the velocity of flow would be reduced in the center regions of such tubes.
  • FIGS. 5 through 7 a plurality of the above-described cooling boxes are grouped together to form dilferent condenser systems.
  • the cooling air 7 is sucked in by the blower 10 through the cooling tubes 2, from thence it is forced out as warm air through the outlet 14.
  • the waste steam is fed into the system through the exhaust main 5 which in this case is arranged below the inclined coolingboxes 1.
  • the waste steam enters the system at the extermities of the cooling boxes 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modification of the arrangement in FIG. 5 wherein the cooling air 7 is forced through the cooling boxes 1 by blower 10.
  • this system could also include an outlet 14 which is to be disposed above the condensers to prevent the blower from sucking in warm air.
  • the waste steam enters the system on the sides and at the upper extremities of the condensers. Where the steam enters the cooling box at its side, as is also shown in FIG. 1,baffles 3 are arranged in such manner that the steam has free access to all cooling tubes.
  • FIG. 7 A further embodiment is shown in FIG. 7 wherein the shape of the condensers is'somewhat different from that of the previously shown condensers
  • exhaust main 5 is connected to tank 9, and the steam enters the system through the latter and then passes through the connecting tubes to the cooling tubes, in opposite direction of the flow of the condensate, while air is forced to flow throughthe cooling tubes by means of blower 10, as in the case of FIG. 5, the pattern of, air flow being slightly difierent from that used in the foregoing embodiments.
  • a device for condensing a vapor by heat exchange with. a cooling gas comprising, in combination:
  • bafile means on said Wall for deflecting said liquid from said remainder of said wall into a path leading to said collecting means and by-passing said remainder.
  • a device for condensing a vapor by heat exchange with a cooling gas comprising, in combination:
  • bafile means on said walls for deflecting the condensed liquid from said remainders of said walls into a path leading to said collecting means and bypassing said remainders.
  • baffle means include a vertically extending plate member formed with a plurality of apertures therein, said tubes passing through respective ones of said apertures in a horizontally extending direction.
  • feeding means include a plurality of vertically spaced inlet means on said container.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US95963A 1960-03-22 1961-03-15 Compact airtype exhaust steam condenser system Expired - Lifetime US3185213A (en)

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DED0032924 1960-03-22

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BE (1) BE601627A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3707185A (en) * 1971-03-25 1972-12-26 Modine Mfg Co Modular air cooled condenser
US3814177A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-06-04 Gkn Birwelco Ltd Steam condensers
FR2345686A1 (fr) * 1976-03-23 1977-10-21 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Echangeur de chaleur
US4353224A (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-10-12 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Evaporator
US20060086092A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Fay H P Air-cooled condensing system and method
US7654284B1 (en) 2005-06-24 2010-02-02 Leeford Thomas Fluid draining manifold for roofs and associated method
EP3287732A1 (fr) * 2016-08-24 2018-02-28 SPX Dry Cooling Belgium sprl Condenseur refroidi par air à tirage induit
EP3683530A1 (fr) * 2019-01-18 2020-07-22 Hamon Thermal Europe S.A. Échangeur thermique à refroidissement à air
BE1031154A1 (fr) 2022-12-06 2024-07-12 Mehmet Zahit Inan Aerocondenseur a tirage induit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380460A (en) * 1920-06-05 1921-06-07 Ingersoll Rand Co Method and apparatus for devaporizing and cooling
US1644520A (en) * 1925-09-14 1927-10-04 Thomas P Hagerman Condenser
US2107478A (en) * 1934-10-17 1938-02-08 Happel Otto Air-cooled surface condenser
GB700872A (en) * 1950-08-14 1953-12-09 Elisabeth Ferdinande Happel Improved air-cooled condenser for steam power plants, particularly for large plants
US3039744A (en) * 1955-09-01 1962-06-19 Ind Companie Heat exchangers
US3045981A (en) * 1958-05-09 1962-07-24 Hendrickson Machine Company Baffle plate

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380460A (en) * 1920-06-05 1921-06-07 Ingersoll Rand Co Method and apparatus for devaporizing and cooling
US1644520A (en) * 1925-09-14 1927-10-04 Thomas P Hagerman Condenser
US2107478A (en) * 1934-10-17 1938-02-08 Happel Otto Air-cooled surface condenser
GB700872A (en) * 1950-08-14 1953-12-09 Elisabeth Ferdinande Happel Improved air-cooled condenser for steam power plants, particularly for large plants
US3039744A (en) * 1955-09-01 1962-06-19 Ind Companie Heat exchangers
US3045981A (en) * 1958-05-09 1962-07-24 Hendrickson Machine Company Baffle plate

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3814177A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-06-04 Gkn Birwelco Ltd Steam condensers
US3707185A (en) * 1971-03-25 1972-12-26 Modine Mfg Co Modular air cooled condenser
FR2345686A1 (fr) * 1976-03-23 1977-10-21 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Echangeur de chaleur
US4353224A (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-10-12 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Evaporator
US20060086092A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Fay H P Air-cooled condensing system and method
US7096666B2 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-08-29 Gea Power Cooling Systems, Llc Air-cooled condensing system and method
US7654284B1 (en) 2005-06-24 2010-02-02 Leeford Thomas Fluid draining manifold for roofs and associated method
EP3287732A1 (fr) * 2016-08-24 2018-02-28 SPX Dry Cooling Belgium sprl Condenseur refroidi par air à tirage induit
WO2018037043A1 (fr) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 Spx Dry Cooling Belgium Condenseur refroidi par air à tirage induit
US11150036B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2021-10-19 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Induced draft air-cooled condenser
EP3683530A1 (fr) * 2019-01-18 2020-07-22 Hamon Thermal Europe S.A. Échangeur thermique à refroidissement à air
BE1031154A1 (fr) 2022-12-06 2024-07-12 Mehmet Zahit Inan Aerocondenseur a tirage induit
BE1031154B1 (fr) * 2022-12-06 2024-07-15 Mehmet Zahit Inan Aerocondenseur a tirage induit

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