US3188425A - Electromechanical switch for use as a crosspoint for conversation circuits - Google Patents

Electromechanical switch for use as a crosspoint for conversation circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
US3188425A
US3188425A US199916A US19991662A US3188425A US 3188425 A US3188425 A US 3188425A US 199916 A US199916 A US 199916A US 19991662 A US19991662 A US 19991662A US 3188425 A US3188425 A US 3188425A
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United States
Prior art keywords
flux
magnetic
core
magnet
contacts
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Expired - Lifetime
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US199916A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henquet Andre Jean
Silerme Fernand
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/28—Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed
    • H01H51/281—Mounting of the relay; Encapsulating; Details of connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H67/00—Electrically-operated selector switches
    • H01H67/22—Switches without multi-position wipers
    • H01H67/24—Co-ordinate-type relay switches having an individual electromagnet at each cross-point

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic switch, and particularly to a memory suitable for use as switch crossp'oints controlled by electronic circuits in telephone or other systems.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a switch which may be defined as a magnetic memory relay and may be controlled by relatively short pulses the duration of which is of the order of microseconds rather than on the order of milliseconds as is common for conventional relays. The duration of the mechanical movement of such a relay caused by the magnetic flux could be longer than the pulse which sets said magnetic flux.
  • Magnetic switches which utilize magnetic cores wherein the flux may be reversed by a pulse for producing the remanent fluxes which set the switch in either position.
  • ferrite cores carrying windings have been combined in such a way that when opposite fluxes were established in the cores, the resultant flux set the switching element in energized position, whereas when fluxes in series were established in said cores, the switching element was moved to its manual unoperated position.
  • one of the cores was constituted by a permanent magnet, yet it was in such a magnetic circuit that the fluxes in series were acting to set the switching element in energized position were as the opposite energization would substantially suppress the flux.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a switch of the fast acting electromagnetic type arranged to operate in equipment racks without mutual influence with the neighbouring magnetic relays or switches.
  • the magnetic circuit of the switch comprises a branch containing a permanent magnet which produces a nearly constant flux
  • anotherbranch comprising a reversible magnet, preferably a metallic one (as opposed to ferrites), carrying a winding being able to reverse the flux thereof, and a branch comprising the switching element.
  • the latter branch responds to the resultant flux when the reversible magnet has an opposite flux to the flux of permanent magnet to set the switching element in the energized position.
  • the branch structures are such that the fluxes of the two first branches do not substantially pass over the third branch when they are in series, and this resets the switching member in the position of rest.
  • a fourth branch may be provided having a magnet keeper being able to control the reluctances of the three other branches.
  • the magnetic circuit is provided with a magnetic casing constituted by a side which hugs the reversible magnet and constitutes the said magnet keeper, and two sleeves which surround the respective ends of said three branches of the circuit.
  • the envelope is constituted by a permeable magnetic material tube having a portion cut out adjacent the permanent magnet and mobile magnetic members of the said switch.
  • the switching member may be of the well-known magnetic reed contact type enclosed in a glass tube. If necessary, one or several tubes may be provided.
  • the magnetic path between said reed contacts and the other branches of the magnetic circuit is established without metallic or other magnetic contact, by means of pole pieces externally encompassing a large portion of the reed contacts.
  • This arrangement provides a sufficient magnetic permeance together with a complete electric insulation.
  • FIGURE 1 represents the internal members of the switch, in elevation and in the relative position they have in the switch,
  • FIGURE 2 represents in perspective a magnetic yoke
  • FIGURE 3 represents in elevation the members of FIG- URE 1 together with two magnetic yokes placed in position
  • FIGURE 4 represents in elevation the above mentioned members enclosed in the magnetic envelope
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 represent a front view and a plane View or" the switch of FIGURE 4.
  • the switching member is constituted by two switching elements 1 (only one being shown in the elevation view of FIGURE 1) of a known type wherein two magnetic reeds 2, 3 are enclosed in a glass tube 4 in order to constitute an electrical contact when their adjacent ends are attracted by a magnetic flux flowing through said reeds.
  • the over-all length of these elements may be mm.
  • a permanent magnet 5 On one side of these tubes is placed a permanent magnet 5.
  • This magnet must have a relatively high coercive force so that its magnetic flux will not be substantially modified during switch operations.
  • An alloy known by the trade name Ticonal (containing 8 to 35% of titanium, 15 to 30% of cobalt, 10 to 25% of nickel and about 5% of aluminum) may be provided. This alloy has a coercive field of 800 oersteds and a remanent induction of 10,000 gauss.
  • Magnet 5 may have a length of 25 mm. and a section of 20 mm. so that it has a coercive force of 2,000 oersteds and a remanent flux of about 2,000 M.
  • Alnico An alloy known by the trade name Alnico, for instance, may be also utilized, such alloy containing about 6% of ti taniurn, 12% of cobalt, 15 to 30% of nickel and 8 to 10% of aluminium, the remainder being iron.
  • This alloy has a coercive field of about 500 oersteds and a remanent induction of about 7,000 G.
  • a small bar 6 is positioned which constitutes a reversible magnet carrying a magnetizing coil 7.
  • This small bar has also a high permeability, but a much lower coercive force, and a substantially rectangular hysteresis loop.
  • the material in this bar 6 could be heat treated iron at high content of chromium and carbon with an addition of silicon.
  • the alloy utilized may have a coercive field of 70 to 80 oersteds and a remanent induction of 9,500 gauss.
  • the length of the small bar may be 62 mm., the section 28 mm. so that the coercive force will be about 460 oersteds and the remanent flux about 2,600 M.
  • Yoke 8 comprises bush 9 enclosing the extremity of small bar 6 and two bushes It enclosing tubes 4. These bushes are linked by blades 11, the whole structure being formed by punching and bending a permeable magnetic material sheet, for instance ductile iron. It will be noted that the yokes are not in contact with the magnetic reeds 2, and thus do not need to be electrically insulated therefrom.
  • Bushes which constitute pole pieces are relatively long so as to give a large surface to the air gap between them and reeds 2 to enhance the passage of the magnetic flux.
  • Envelope 12, shown in FIGURE 4 encompasses coil 7 and two bushes 14.
  • An aperture is cut out in the middle of envelope 12.
  • Lugs 16 formed near the edges of this aperture may be welded to the extremities of permanent magnet 5, so that flux from the magnet passes through the magnetic shunt constituted by bushes 1d and side 13.
  • bushes 1% surround inner yokes 940 with a certain space, so that the magnetic shunt also afforded by the envelope to bar 6 comprises a large air gap.
  • the space between bushes 14 and yokes 8 contains insulating plugs 17 (FIGURE 5) for housing the electrical connections of the switching reeds and the winding of coil 7.
  • the switch may have two energized states and two corresponding remanent states.
  • the magnetization of bar 6 When the switch is in the de-energized remanent state, the magnetization of bar 6 is in a reverse position with respect to that of permanent magnet 5 (FIGURE 1), results in their magnetic fluxes being linked in series aided by yokes 8. Taking into account the magnetic shunt afforded by envelope 12, a very small flux passes through reeds 2, and the switches remain unoperated.
  • the magnetization of bar 6 is reversed. If the pulse is a shoit one, the 7 is applied bar 6 will resume its original magnetization and y will keep it after the termination of the pulse.
  • the fluxes, in series will avoid reeds 2-3 the easier as an air gap is left between them and yokes 8. The reeds will move aside and will open the electrical contacts.
  • An electromechanical switch for use as a crosspoint comprising: at least one set of magnetic reed contacts; means including a permanent magnet of relatively high coercive force for providing a substantially constant flux within operating limits of said reed contacts; an electromagnetic device having a core made of material with a low coerciveforce, high permeability and a square hysteresis loop; means for reversing the direction of magnetization of said core responsive to electrical pulses of short duration; magnetic circuit means coupling said inagnet and said core for carrying substantially no flux when the magnet and core flux are in series aiding and for carrying a high level.
  • said yoke means having three branch means, a first of said branch means providing an air gap surrounding one of said contacts, a second branch means providing an air gap surrounding another of said contacts, and a third of said branch means receiving and holding said core.
  • each of said sets of contacts is sealed in a glass tube, and said first and second branch means surround and hold said glass tube, said air gap being the space between the inside of the glass tube and said contacts.
  • said magnetic envelope comprises a side passing along said core and terminating at either end in a magnetic brush, saidbrushes surrounding said yoke without touching said yoke, said brushes also surrounding and forming an opening intermediate the ends of said envelope, said contacts and said permanent magnet being adjacent said opening.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US199916A 1961-06-14 1962-06-04 Electromechanical switch for use as a crosspoint for conversation circuits Expired - Lifetime US3188425A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR864957A FR1299665A (fr) 1961-06-14 1961-06-14 Commutateur électromagnétique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3188425A true US3188425A (en) 1965-06-08

Family

ID=8757271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US199916A Expired - Lifetime US3188425A (en) 1961-06-14 1962-06-04 Electromechanical switch for use as a crosspoint for conversation circuits

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3188425A (fr)
AT (1) AT247953B (fr)
BE (1) BE618917A (fr)
DE (1) DE1198454B (fr)
FR (1) FR1299665A (fr)
GB (1) GB975853A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3275960A (en) * 1964-10-23 1966-09-27 Telefonbau & Normalzeit Gmbh Bistable magnetically controlled switch
US3289128A (en) * 1965-10-14 1966-11-29 Automatic Elect Lab Reed relay having preliminarily operating contacts
US4156218A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-05-22 Gte Automatic Electric Laboratories Incorporated Retaining means for securing a biasing magnet in a reed relay switching assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS432088B1 (fr) * 1963-08-26 1968-01-25

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2902558A (en) * 1955-02-17 1959-09-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Laminated core dry reed relay
US2938982A (en) * 1958-12-31 1960-05-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Relay for switching connections between three conductors meeting at a common point
CA617984A (en) * 1961-04-11 Henry J. Wirth, Jr. Sealed magnetic relay
US3002066A (en) * 1959-07-01 1961-09-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically controlled switching device
US3008019A (en) * 1957-04-09 1961-11-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Reed-contact thermo relay
US3056868A (en) * 1959-08-03 1962-10-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching device
US3061696A (en) * 1958-10-29 1962-10-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA617984A (en) * 1961-04-11 Henry J. Wirth, Jr. Sealed magnetic relay
US2902558A (en) * 1955-02-17 1959-09-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Laminated core dry reed relay
US3008019A (en) * 1957-04-09 1961-11-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Reed-contact thermo relay
US3061696A (en) * 1958-10-29 1962-10-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching device
US2938982A (en) * 1958-12-31 1960-05-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Relay for switching connections between three conductors meeting at a common point
US3002066A (en) * 1959-07-01 1961-09-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically controlled switching device
US3056868A (en) * 1959-08-03 1962-10-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3275960A (en) * 1964-10-23 1966-09-27 Telefonbau & Normalzeit Gmbh Bistable magnetically controlled switch
US3289128A (en) * 1965-10-14 1966-11-29 Automatic Elect Lab Reed relay having preliminarily operating contacts
US4156218A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-05-22 Gte Automatic Electric Laboratories Incorporated Retaining means for securing a biasing magnet in a reed relay switching assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB975853A (en) 1964-11-18
BE618917A (fr) 1962-12-14
FR1299665A (fr) 1962-07-27
AT247953B (de) 1966-07-11
DE1198454B (de) 1965-08-12

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